Online newspapers are a highly competitive business espe-cially in transition economies. Such factors as a small In-ternet advertising market, low penetration of the Internet and government relations play a vital role in success of an online newspaper. Thus, online newspaper business is sel-dom profitable in Ukraine. The purpose of this study is to define the factors of success of the Ukrainian online newspaper Ukrainska Pravda and the influence of media industry within the context of tran-sition economy.

The purpose of the thesis is to explore how the legacy firms extend their online business. Should they integrate the online business division with traditional division in order to leverage the established competency, or spin off the online business division and keep it separate from the traditional division in order to get more flexibility and focus? The study tried to find the factors that effect firms to keep the online business separate from established business or urge firms to integrate the online business in-house. These factors can help firms decide whether to keep or spin off the online business division. The main conclusions of this thesis: 1. Check the shock of the online business Explores the idea of "disruptive technology" that clashes with the current culture/business model versus "sustaining technology" that enables further success of the current culture/model. If the internet business is disruptive technology, you should spin it off. 2. If interrelationship between the established business unit and the internet business unit can bring competitive advantage to each other, or the established business unit have the core competency or resource to make the internet business unit competitive, you should take advantage of the synergy by horizontal strategies.

In this thesis, media convergence strategies and added value of digital news services are investigated, focusing on the newspaper industry and it’s audience. Convergence implies that previously unalike areas come together, approaching a common goal. A subordinate concept of convergence, i.e., media convergence, is a concept that has become common when denoting a range of processes within the production of media content, its distribution and consumption. Newspapers are one of many so-called publishing channels that provide information and entertainment. They have traditionally been printed on paper, but today’s digital technology makes it possible to provide newspapers through a number of different channels. The current strategy used by newspaper companies involves a process of convergence mainly regarding multiple publishing. A newspaper company interested in publishing content through multiple channels has to adapt its production workflow to produce content not only for the traditional printed edition, but also for the other channels. In this thesis, a generalized value chain involving four main stages illustrates the production workflow at a newspaper company in relation to the convergence processes. The four stages are creation, packaging, distribution and consumption of content. One of the aims of this thesis is to assess how the views and strategies of newspaper companies concerning media convergence correspond with the opinions and views concerning convergence of their audience. In order to discuss this, seven types of media convergence are suggested. Furthermore, the thesis explores how the newspaper industry is relating to the processes of convergence, using two examples: newspaper companies’ ventures into the use of moving images, and the newspaper companies’ strategies for a future epaper edition. Among the findings of this thesis are that digital news services can add value to a newspaper company, however that the digital news services investigated, in their current form, are not sophisticated enough to give added value as perceived by the audience. The findings of the thesis are based on studies of the newspaper industry in Sweden and reflect specific newspaper companies, their strategies, production workflow and ventures from 2002 to 2007. The methods used have mainly been case studies and surveys. / QC 20100622

There are no private media in Vietnam, all media activity is owned and controlled by the State and the Vietnamese media landscape is therefore relatively closed and strangled. It is not allowed to produce any news material which criticise the government or put it in bad days. In 1997, the Internet was introduced in Vietnam and online newspapers started to establish. Through investigating the underlying factors of the development and success of one of the biggest online newspapers in Vietnam, VnExpress, our study intends to describe how it has affected the Vietnamese media landscape. Based in Hanoi during ten weeks, we performed this minor field study with the support from Swedish International Development Cooperation Association, SIDA. Our case study is made from five in-depth interviews. The research questions deals with VnExpress in particular; how they have developed, how they consider their purpose as an online publication and what they find unique about their newspaper. Through the empirical findings, we can distinguish a couple of factors with which VnExpress has affected the Vietnamese media landscape. First of all, we found that their policy of always reporting news in an objective point of view has made them respected among competitors and used by the same as a source of news material. Furthermore, their close contact to readers through different channels at the editorial, giving them the opportunity to express their thoughts, makes the readers engaged and able to form their own opinions about the society. To achieve the above, it is significant that VnExpress has a unique ownership allowing them to work as free and limitless as possible in a country like Vietnam. Finally, we can see that the Vietnamese media landscape tends to become more open and we claim that online newspapers and Internet in general will have a great impact of its development.

This thesis describes and analyzes implications of going from hypertext news to hypermedia news through a process of design, involving users and producers. As in any product development, it is difficult to conceive design of a novel news format that does not relate to earlier genres, and thus to antecedent designs. The hypothesis is that this problem can be addressed by explicitly taking a genre perspective to guide interaction design. This thesis draws on genre theory, which has previously been used in rhetoric, literature, and information systems. It is also informed by theories from humancomputer interaction. The methodological approach is a case study of the ELIN project, in which new tools for online hypermedia newspaper production were developed and integrated. The study follows the project from concept design to interaction design and implementation of user interfaces, over three years. The thesis makes three contributions. Firstly, a genre perspective on interaction design is described, revealing broadly in what respects genre affects design. Secondly, the online newspaper genre is described. Based on a content analysis of online newspaper front-pages, and interviews with users and producers, genre specific design recommendations regarding hypertext news front-page design are given. A content analysis of Swedish online newspapers provides a basis for a design rationale of the context stream element, which is an important part of the news context on article pages. Regarding hypervideo news, design rationale is given for the presentation of hypervideo links, in the context of a hypermedia news site. The impact on news production in terms of dynamics of convergence is also discussed. Thirdly, the design processes in cooperative scenario building workshops are evaluated, regarding how the users and producers were able to contribute. It provides implications and lessons learned for the workshop phase model. A discourse analysis also reveals important facilitator skills and how participants relied on genre in the design process.

<p>There are no private media in Vietnam, all media activity is owned and controlled by the State and the Vietnamese media landscape is therefore relatively closed and strangled. It is not allowed to produce any news material which criticise the government or put it in bad days. In 1997, the Internet was introduced in Vietnam and online newspapers started to establish.</p><p>Through investigating the underlying factors of the development and success of one of the biggest online newspapers in Vietnam, VnExpress, our study intends to describe how it has affected the Vietnamese media landscape. Based in Hanoi during ten weeks, we performed this minor field study with the support from Swedish International Development Cooperation Association, SIDA. Our case study is made from five in-depth interviews. The research questions deals with VnExpress in particular; how they have developed, how they consider their purpose as an online publication and what they find unique about their newspaper.</p><p>Through the empirical findings, we can distinguish a couple of factors with which VnExpress has affected the Vietnamese media landscape. First of all, we found that their policy of always reporting news in an objective point of view has made them respected among competitors and used by the same as a source of news material. Furthermore, their close contact to readers through different channels at the editorial, giving them the opportunity to express their thoughts, makes the readers engaged and able to form their own opinions about the society. To achieve the above, it is significant that VnExpress has a unique ownership allowing them to work as free and limitless as possible in a country like Vietnam.</p><p>Finally, we can see that the Vietnamese media landscape tends to become more open and we claim that online newspapers and Internet in general will have a great impact of its development.</p>

Nous proposons dans ce travail une analyse de la transposition du journal imprimé vers le journal web, à travers le cas de deux importants journaux colombiens. Observer et décrire la transposition nécessite d'abord de faire un arrêt sur le texte pour rendre compte du mode de fonctionnement des différentes strates qui lui rendent son épaisseur et qui participent à la définition des modalités énonciatives et pragmatiques qui lui sont propres. Mais ensuite, il faut considérer la nature dynamique du processus qui permet la projection et la circulation des formes textuelles dans une nouvelle sphère médiatique. L'objectif principal de ce travail est donc de comprendre comment se réalise la transposition du journal à partir de l'observation de la Une, afin de voir la forme qu'il acquiert lors de son intégration au numérique. Pour cela, nous partons d'une analyse de la structure du texte et des interactions que les composantes métatextuelles et paratextuelles entretiennent dans l'objet d'écriture, pour ensuite déterminer la manière dont ces composantes se déterminent dans l'hypertexte. Il s'agira en particulier d'observer les modalités de hiérarchisation de l'information propres à chaque système textuel, mais aussi des modes d'organisation des contenus selon un scénario. Nous montrons que ce qui est en jeu dans la transposition, c'est la mise en place de parcours hypertextuels à partir de l'interface graphique, parcours que le lecteur doit interpréter et comprendre pour construire sa propre pratique de lecture. / We propose in this thesis an analysis of the transposition of the printed newspaper to the web, through the case of two important Colombian newspapers. Observe and describe the transposition requires first to make a stop on the text to reflect the mode of operation of the different textual layers that make its thickness and participate in the definition of the enunciative and pragmatic terms that are specific to it. But then we need to consider the dynamic nature of the process that allows the projection and the movement of textual forms into a new media sphere. The main objective of this work is to understand how to realize the transposition of the newspaper from the observation of its front page to see the shape that it acquires when it is integrated into the digital. For this, we start with an analysis of the text structure and the interactions that metatextual and paratextual components maintain within the writing object, then we describe how these components are determined in hypertext. In particular, it is necessary to observe the hierarchical arrangements of information in the textual system, but also to understand the different ways of organizing the content according to a specific scenario. We show that what is important in the transposition is the creation of hypertextual access from the interface, which need to be interpreted in order to build a reading practice.

Mediehusen fokuserar nästintill uteslutande på dagstidningar online, då den trycktadagstidningen av olika anledningar saknar positiva framtidsutsikter (Svenska mediehus2014/15 2015). I dagens medieklimat finns det större möjligheter att publicerajournalistik och kunna tjäna pengar på det online och när det kommer till formgivningenfinns det många lika men också olika förutsättningar, i jämförelse med dentryckta dagstidningen. En förutsättning oavsett plattform är formgivningens anpassningefter annonser och affärsmodeller, snarare än läsare och journalistik (6.3.1:5 och6.3.3:5) . En skillnad när det gäller förutsättningar är att det i tryckta medier finns enfrihet i layouten, att skapa både ett horisontellt såväl som vertikalt flöde, medan detonline är standard att till exempel enbart använda sig av en (potentiellt) oändlig spalt.2Det bör alltså läggas stor vikt vid hur man sätter brödtexten i den här enda spalten ochaspekter som typsnitt, whitespace och bildsättning spelar in. Den här uppsatsen fokuserapå en fjärde och lika viktig aspekt: teckengrad.En standard finns sedan länge för den tryckta dagstidningen, men vi ser fortfarandeolika förhållningssätt för dagstidningar på Internet. Annonsanpassade affärsmodellertillsammans med äldre skärmars lågupplösning, har skapat en layout där allawebbtidningens element upplevs som små. Fler och fler indicier pekar nu på att brödtextenförväntas öka i storlek. Följer man den modell som designbyrån InformationArchitects arbetat fram kan man enkelt räkna ut vilken teckengrad en brödtext bör ha,på respektive digital skärm, för att denna text skall motsvara upplevelsen av en tryckttext (Information Architects 2006). Sätter man en brödtext på webben i proportion tillen brödtext i en bok, med önskad motsvarande läsupplevelse, ökar den digitala teckengraden, bland annat eftersom vi läser den på längre avstånd än en tryckt bok. Applicerar man teorier om typografi och läsbarhet, från bland andra typografer somHallberg (1992) och Hellmark (2005), samt designers som Peetre (6.3.1), Häggström(6.3.2) och Sigfridsson (6.3.3) framträder en förvisso inte helt tydlig bild, men ändå en där teckengraden i webbdagstidningar beräknas öka. Vare sig den gör det eller inte,går att konstateras att konsensus lär råda över tid: Precis som den tryckta dagstidningensbrödtext har en standard, växer ur relationen mellan producent och användare, enstandard fram även för design av text på Internet. Vi ser idag extremer åt alla håll, textkan se ur precis hur som helst. Men dessa extremer skapar ändå en medelkurva, enuniversell design, som tar brödtextens utveckling framåt. För att fånga den här kollektivtskapade utvecklingen, gynnas uppsatsen av att se problemområdet ur tre aspekter.Genom en kvantitativ studie av alla (125) svenska dagstidningar på Internet skapadesett forskningsintroducerande material, som ger en övergripande bild av teckengradeni brödtext i dagstidningar på Internet. För att närma sig frågeställningen,När det kommer till teckengrad, radavstånd och spaltbredd, hur ser brödtexten ut isamtliga svenska dagstidningar på Internet? Vilka faktorer, med fokus på teckengrad,kan underlätta läsbarheten?, stödjs den kvantitativa undersökningen med professionsintervjuer med representanter från mediebranschen, samt en webbenkät som ger indicier av läsvanor och läsupplevelse bland dagstidningsläsare. Med hjälp av den insamladedatan söker därmed denna uppsats besvara frågor kring hur teckengraden ser ut idag, men också om det är ett problem och i så fall hur webbdesignen på den här punktenbör utvecklas, mot det slutgiltiga syftet att förändra och förbättra den digitaladagstidningen som produkt.Sverige har en av världens högsta andel tidningsläsare per capita (World presstrends 2014) och ligger ofta i framkant när det kommer till webbdesign för dagstidningar.Dagstidningen på Internet är nu i ett vägskäl och en överblick över hur det serut i dag bör vara av största intresse. / Media company put almost all of their financials on online products and the printednewspaper is almost gone thanks to rationalized thinking (Svenska mediehus 2014/152015). In todays media climate there is more opportunities in online journalism andwhen it comes to design, you will find a lot of conditions that are both similar and differentfrom printed journalism. One of the similarities is the adaption to ads, ratherthan to readers and to journalism (6.3.1:5; 6.3.3:5).One of the differences is the layout and when it comes to print, your can lay the bodytext in two or many columns, but the standard online is to lay it in one. This creates,rather than a horizontal, a strictly vertical reading and a (potentially) infinite column.3Although the exceptions exist, focus in online journalism is on the one column andaspects as font, whitespace and image take part. This essay will focus though on afourth and as important aspect: type size.Since long there is a standard for printed newspaper, while online there is anotherset of approaches. Ads and old times low-resolution screens gave birth to a web designwhere design elements where perceived as small. More and more evidence showsthat body text will get larger. If you follow the model set by Information Architectsyou can easily calculate which font size to use online, if you want it to equal the experienceof reading a printed body text (Information Architects 2006). If you follow thismodel to get the digital text match the printed, the font size will naturally get bigger,among other things, because we read it from a bigger distance. If you apply theoriesof typography and readability from among others typographers as Hallberg (1992)and Hellmark (2005), and designers as Peetre (6.3.1), Häggström (6.3.2) and Sigfridsson(6.3.3), a depiction, if not wholly solid but still, will appear that will indicate anincrease in font size.With a quantitative study of all (125) Swedish newspapers on the Internet, a researchintroductory material takes shape, which gives an overview on the state of typesize in body text in newspapers on the Internet. To lead up to the research problem,When it comes to type size, line spacing and column width, how is the body text designed in Swedish newspapers on the Internet? What are the aspects, focusing on typesize, that facilitates readability?, the quantitative study is supported by interviewswith representatives from the industry and a web survey which gives circumstantial ofreading habits and reading experience among readers of newspapers. With this data,this essay strive to answer questions about how the type size appears today but also ifthere is a problem and how, on this particular aspect, web design should develop.Sweden is among the best in the world when it comes to readers of newspapersper capita (World press trends 2014). Right now web design in newspapers is at crossroads and an overview of the situation should be of great interest.

Estudo analisa questões de organização e recuperação de informação em repositórios de jornais on-line. Destaca aspectos do suporte hipermídia, estrutura informativa do documento digital e gênero do conteúdo da informação jornalística on-line; aborda a noção de memória como atributo de ativação e conexão de informações no contexto da Web; descreve a estrutura básica de mecanismos de busca e traça o perfil de jornalistas no âmbito da convergência digital. Para investigar potenciais dificuldades de pesquisa e recuperação de informação, adota-se pesquisa exploratória para inspeção das interfaces similares de mecanismos de busca de jornais selecionados, nacionais e estrangeiros, e questionário on-line para identificar a percepção de usuários especialistas, jornalistas, sobre o uso de mecanismos de busca interna na rotina de trabalho. Como resultado, discute-se sensibilidades dos atributos de pesquisa, padrões técnicos de tratamento da informação, carências do processo de pesquisa e fatores de satisfação para recuperação de informação em ambiente digital. / Study examines issues of organization and information retrieval in online newspapers\' repositories. Highlights aspects of hypermedia, informative structure of the digital document and some genres of the online journalistic information; It addresses the concept of memory as attribute of activation and connection of information in the Web context; It describes the basic structure of search engines and traces the journalists\' profile within the aspect of digital convergence. To investigate potential difficulties of search and information retrieval, exploratory research is adopted to inspect similar interfaces of search engine, in national and foreign selected newspapers; in addition, an online questionnaire is used to identify the perception of expert users about the use internal search engines, based on the work routine of journalists. As a result of these investigations, study shows some sensitivities of search attributes, standards of information processing, research process and satisfaction factors for information retrieval in digital context.

Estudo analisa questões de organização e recuperação de informação em repositórios de jornais on-line. Destaca aspectos do suporte hipermídia, estrutura informativa do documento digital e gênero do conteúdo da informação jornalística on-line; aborda a noção de memória como atributo de ativação e conexão de informações no contexto da Web; descreve a estrutura básica de mecanismos de busca e traça o perfil de jornalistas no âmbito da convergência digital. Para investigar potenciais dificuldades de pesquisa e recuperação de informação, adota-se pesquisa exploratória para inspeção das interfaces similares de mecanismos de busca de jornais selecionados, nacionais e estrangeiros, e questionário on-line para identificar a percepção de usuários especialistas, jornalistas, sobre o uso de mecanismos de busca interna na rotina de trabalho. Como resultado, discute-se sensibilidades dos atributos de pesquisa, padrões técnicos de tratamento da informação, carências do processo de pesquisa e fatores de satisfação para recuperação de informação em ambiente digital. / Study examines issues of organization and information retrieval in online newspapers\' repositories. Highlights aspects of hypermedia, informative structure of the digital document and some genres of the online journalistic information; It addresses the concept of memory as attribute of activation and connection of information in the Web context; It describes the basic structure of search engines and traces the journalists\' profile within the aspect of digital convergence. To investigate potential difficulties of search and information retrieval, exploratory research is adopted to inspect similar interfaces of search engine, in national and foreign selected newspapers; in addition, an online questionnaire is used to identify the perception of expert users about the use internal search engines, based on the work routine of journalists. As a result of these investigations, study shows some sensitivities of search attributes, standards of information processing, research process and satisfaction factors for information retrieval in digital context.