Les intermédiaires financiers - on parle alors de courtiers en ligne - peuvent utiliser le réseau internet pour recevoir des ordres d'achat et de vente de leur clientèle, pour leur faire parvenir toute information et toute proposition d'opérations à réaliser. Et ils peuvent tenir des sites permettant à leurs clients de réaliser les opérations qu'ils souhaitent accomplir ou permettent à leurs clients de consulter un certain nombre d'informations, notamment les cours de bourse et les opérations qui sont en cours de réalisation. Préalablement à la passation d'ordres de bourse par Internet , et afin de protéger l'investisseur non professionnel, le prestataire et le donneur d'ordre sont tenus de suivre et de respecter plusieurs étapes . En effet, l'utilisation d'Internet dans la passation des ordres de bourse ne dispense pas le prestataire de services d'investissement - courtier en ligne - de son obligation d'établir avec le donneur d'ordre, deux conventions imposées par la réglementation, conventions pouvant être néanmoins réunies en un même document : une convention d'ouverture de compte ; une convention de service écrite. / Financial intermediaries - brokers are referred to as online - can use the Internet to receive orders for the purchase and sale of their customers, to send them any information and any proposed operations to be performed. And they can keep their sites that allow customers to complete the transactions they wish to do or allow their customers to access a number of information, including stock prices and transactions that are underway. Prior to the execution of trading orders via the Internet, and to protect non-professional investor, the provider and the payer are required to monitor and follow several steps. Indeed, Internet use in the awarding of stock orders does not absolve the provider of investment services - online broker - from its obligation to establish with the client, two conventions imposed by the regulations, conventions can still be gathered in one document: a convention account opening, a written service agreement.

The Feature-Oriented Requirements Modelling (FORM) combines the requirement engineering style structuring of requirements documents with the feature-orientation of the Feature Oriented Software Development, resulting in a feature-oriented model of the functional requirements of a system-under-development (SUD). A feature is a distinguishable unit of added value to the SUD. The objectives of FORM are to model features as independent modules, to allow the addition of new features with minimal changes to the existing features, and to enable automatic generation and checking of properties like correctness, consistency, and non-determinism. FORM structures requirements into three models: a domain model, a collection of behavioural models, and a collection of functional models. A feature is modelled by a distinct behavioural model. This dissertation evaluates FORM by applying it to a new application that can be thought of in terms of features, namely an online trading system (OTS) that receives requests from customers about buying or selling securities on a stock market. The OTS offers variability in terms of the types of orders that customers can request, (e.g. market order, limit order and stop order). The case study revealed six deficiencies of the FORM notation, three of which were easily overcome. The dissertation presents the results of the case study, resolutions to three of the six deficiencies, and an outline of an approach to resolve the other three deficiencies.

The Feature-Oriented Requirements Modelling (FORM) combines the requirement engineering style structuring of requirements documents with the feature-orientation of the Feature Oriented Software Development, resulting in a feature-oriented model of the functional requirements of a system-under-development (SUD). A feature is a distinguishable unit of added value to the SUD. The objectives of FORM are to model features as independent modules, to allow the addition of new features with minimal changes to the existing features, and to enable automatic generation and checking of properties like correctness, consistency, and non-determinism. FORM structures requirements into three models: a domain model, a collection of behavioural models, and a collection of functional models. A feature is modelled by a distinct behavioural model. This dissertation evaluates FORM by applying it to a new application that can be thought of in terms of features, namely an online trading system (OTS) that receives requests from customers about buying or selling securities on a stock market. The OTS offers variability in terms of the types of orders that customers can request, (e.g. market order, limit order and stop order). The case study revealed six deficiencies of the FORM notation, three of which were easily overcome. The dissertation presents the results of the case study, resolutions to three of the six deficiencies, and an outline of an approach to resolve the other three deficiencies.

According to game theory, dominant strategy of Prisoner’s Dilemma game is defecting. Since online trading between two strangers falls in the realm of a Prisoner’s Dilemma, failure should be the only logical conclusion of such electronic commerce situation. Traders are less likely to cooperate since they are not required to deal with the same buyer again given the enormous population of online traders. Thus one could argue that markets like eBay should never exist. Then what is the reason behind resounding success of such electronic markets? The answer lies in the reputation system that they established. Google page rankings and reader reviews on various sites like Amazon.com and Epinions.com are some other examples of the reputation system pointing towards the enormous influence that they wield in our everyday life. This research thus attempts to analyze importance of reputation system in an online trading using Agent Based Simulation. The effect of reputation system on the sustainability of mutual cooperation between online traders is analyzed by taking into account key factors like level of gullibility of online traders and the weight of influence given to their past behavior. Results indicate that reputation system is certainly capable of sustaining cooperation among online traders. However, weightage given to the past behavior of agents should be decided only after taking into account the level of gullibility of agents. Use of agent based modeling for studying dynamics of online trading is a relatively new concept. Sustaining cooperation among online traders is often perceived to be difficult task. The reputation system proposed in this research is expected to make contribution towards this goal.

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo presentar una idea de negocio que consiste en brindar el servicio de baño, spa y masaje para mascota a domicilio, este se brindará a través de un vehículo acondicionado con equipos especializados brindando un servicio de calidad dentro de la unidad. Asimismo, se realizó una investigación previa al segmento de mercado donde se identificó que debido a la coyuntura de Covid-19, las mascotas necesitan recibir un servicio personalizado y a domicilio y utilizando productos que no generen alergias en la piel de la mascota. A partir, de estas evidencias identificadas en la investigación planteamos la propuesta de valor de entregar una atención personalizada a cargo de profesionales especializados usando productos naturales para el bienestar de la mascota. El modelo de negocio está dirigido a atender el segmento de clientes de 18 años a más, que posean en su hogar al menos una mascota, que pertenecen al NSE A, B y C de las zonas 6 y 8 de Lima Metropolitana. Por tanto, dentro de la cartera productos y se ofrecerá tres planes de servicios diferentes de spa y dos tipos de productos que son los dispensadores smart digitales y el kit dental. Pet Spa Móvil es un negocio escalable y rentable con proyecciones en venta de crecimiento de 5% a 20% anual debido a que las familias se preocupan cada día más por el bienestar de sus mascotas caninas. / The objective of this research work is to introduce a business idea that consists of providing bath; spa and massage service for pets at home, this service will be attending through a vehicle conditioned with specialized equipment providing a quality service within the unit. Likewise, a preliminary investigation was carried out on the market segment where it was identified that due to the situation of Covid-19, pets need to receive a personalized service at home and using products that do not generate allergies in the pet's skin. Based on these evidences identified in the research, we propose the value proposition of providing personalized attention by specialized professionals using natural products for the well-being of the pet. The business model set for the segment of customers aged 18 or older, who have at least one pet in their home, who belong to NSE A, B and C of zones 6 and 8 of Metropolitan Lima. Therefore, within the products and services portfolio offered, there are three different spa plans and two types of products that are the smart digital dispensers and the dental kit. Pet Spa Movil is a scalable business and profitable with growth sales projections from 5% to 20% per year, due to families are becoming more and more concerned about the welfare of their canine pets. / Trabajo de investigación

Este estudio buscó determinar si existe relación alguna entre las dimensiones de la calidad de servicio online (diseño web, fiabilidad, sensibilidad, confianza, personalización y contacto) a nivel de tiendas por departamento online en Lima, Perú, con las variables de calidad general de servicio, satisfacción e intención de compra de los consumidores de dichos comercios, como consecuencia del aumento del comercio online a raíz de la pandemia por COVID-19 en el año 2020. Este estudio se ha basado principalmente en investigaciones hechas en Asia y Europa, las cuales utilizaron como base el modelo de Parasuraman, Zeithaml, y Berry (1985) principalmente para la variable de calidad de servicio online y la escala Likert para la medición de dichos factores bajo un esquema de investigación cuantitativa. Dicha investigación evaluó, mediante regresiones y correlaciones, la relación entre las variables utilizando, por un lado, la Alfa de Cronbach para examinar la fiabilidad de las escalas, y, por otro lado, el software de SPSS para el análisis de los resultados. Cada investigación estableció niveles de relación diferentes en cuanto a cada dimensión de la calidad de servicio online con calidad general del servicio, satisfacción e intención de compra. / This study aimed to determine if there is a relation between the dimensions of e-service quality (web design, reliability, responsiveness, trust, personalization and contact) in the category of department stores in Lima, Peru, and the variables of overall service quality, satisfaction and purchase intention of consumers of such category, as a consequence of the increase of the e-commerce due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. This study is mainly based in papers that are originally from Asia and Europe, using the models of Parasuraman, Zeithaml, y Berry (1985) for the variable of e-service quality and the Likert scale to measure those factors through a quantitative analysis. This investigation studied, through the use of regressions and correlations, the relationship between the variables using, on one hand, Cronbach's alpha coefficient to determine the reliability of the variables and, on the other hand, the SPSS software to analyse the results. Each paper established different levels of relations between each e-service quality dimension with the variables of overall service quality, satisfaction and purchase intention. / Trabajo de investigación