published_or_final_version / abstract / Chinese / Master / Master of Philosophy

Intangible cultural heritage (henceforth ICH), a living expression of indigenous culture and traditions, have been orally transmitted through generations. As the heritage bearers are usually aged and have mere opportunities to pass on their knowledge to young practitioners, ICH are disappearing at a rapid pace. Safeguarding ICH is a battle against time. Since the UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (henceforth the Convention) was adopted in 2003, China has been proactive in participating in the Convention and safeguarding its ICH. Ratified the Convention on 2 December 2004, China was the sixth out of the 143 State Members deposited the Convention1. China’s prompt response to the Convention could show how determined she was in safeguarding its ICH. Hong Kong agreed to apply the Convention in December 2004 but the early adoption of the Convention did not help Hong Kong to keep its pace on safeguarding ICH. During the 6 years practice of safeguarding ICH since 2006, China had already built its ICH inventory through announcing 3 batches of National ICH List and inscribing 2500 plus elements, established a ICH Transmitters List with 1400 plus transmitters, and most importantly, adopted the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage Law (henceforth the China ICH Law). In contrast, Hong Kong has not even completed its territory-wide survey until now for its first batch of inventory, not to mention setting up a safeguarding ICH policy. Hong Kong’s achievement in safeguarding ICH so far is inscribing Cantonese Opera onto The Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (henceforth the UNESCO Representative List) with joint effort from Macao and Guangdong in 2009; inscribing Cantonese Opera and Chinese Herbal Tea onto the National Intangible Cultural Heritage List (henceforth the National ICH List) with joint effort from Macao and Guangdong in 2006. However, the first time Hong Kong successfully inscribe ICH elements onto the National ICH List with its own effort was in 2011, five years after its ICH safeguarding ICH work kicked off. Meanwhile, Hong Kong has paid a lot more effort in safeguarding Cantonese Opera. There have been research to preserve scripts and masterpieces; there is an advisory committee and a fund set up to dedicatedly support Cantonese Opera; new Cantonese Opera venues are developing by the Government; a programme developing young troupe for inheriting the skills from Cantonese Opera masters is set up. In this dissertation, I will study the safeguarding ICH progress made in UNESCO, China, Hong Kong and safeguarding Cantonese Opera progress in Hong Kong in terms of different safeguarding measures as defined by UNESCO. From the comparison between the safeguarding progress of Hong Kong on ICH and Cantonese Opera respectively, answers can be found to improve the safeguarding ICH situation in Hong Kong. / published_or_final_version / Conservation / Master / Master of Science in Conservation

by Lam Wing Cheong. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 138-146). / Some music examples in Chinese. / Abstract --- p.iv / List of Tables and Figures --- p.v / List of Music Examples --- p.vi / Maps of Hong Kong --- p.vii / Chapter Chapter One --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Definitions of Context and Customization --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Conceptual Framework --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- The Field --- p.3 / Chapter 1.4 --- The Structure of Cantonese Operatic Song --- p.5 / Chapter 1.5 --- Source Materials and Methodology --- p.12 / Chapter 1.6 --- Scope and Limitations --- p.14 / Chapter 1.7 --- Translation and Transliteration --- p.16 / Chapter Chapter Two --- History of Street Performance and Cantonese Operatic Song Groups at Temple Street / Chapter 2.1 --- A brief history of Chinese street performance --- p.18 / Chapter 2.2 --- A brief history of street performance in Hong Kong --- p.22 / Chapter 2.3 --- The organization of the groups --- p.29 / Chapter 2.4 --- The financial system and its function --- p.31 / Chapter 2.5 --- Concluding Notes --- p.33 / Chapter Chapter Three --- "Performers, Performing Style, and Programming" / Chapter 3.1 --- From ambulatory to sedentary performers --- p.38 / Chapter 3.2 --- Performing style of the song groups --- p.39 / Chapter 3.3 --- The performance programming created by song groups --- p.41 / Chapter 3.4 --- Concluding notes --- p.45 / Chapter Chapter Four --- Roles and Functions of the Audience and the Interlocking Relationship between Audience and Performers / Chapter 4.1 --- Historical background --- p.48 / Chapter 4.2 --- The audience at Temple Street --- p.51 / Chapter 4.3 --- The interlocking relationship between audience and performers --- p.56 / Chapter 4.4 --- Concluding notes --- p.67 / Chapter Chapter Five --- Customization of Performance / Chapter 5.1 --- Customization of the instrumental section --- p.71 / Chapter 5.2 --- Customization of repertoire --- p.74 / Chapter 5.3 --- Concluding notes --- p.87 / Chapter Chapter Six --- Conclusion --- p.90 / Tables --- p.97 / Figures --- p.100 / Music Examples --- p.102 / Glossary --- p.129 / References --- p.138

林萬儀. / 論文(哲學碩士) -- 香港中文大學硏究院音樂學部, 1996. / 參考文献 : leaves 116-127. / Lin Wanyi. / 目錄 --- p.i / 撮要 --- p.iii / Chapter 第1章 --- 導論 --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- 「粤曲女伶」的槪念 / Chapter 1.2 --- 粤曲女伶的硏究槪況 / Chapter 1.3 --- 硏究範圍 / Chapter 1.4 --- 考查工作及資料 / Chapter 1.5 --- 硏究目的 / Chapter 第2章 --- 粤曲女伶的出現及發展 --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1 --- 第一階段：出現及初期發展(1862-1923) / Chapter 2.2 --- 第二階段：二、三十年代的發展(1923-1937) / Chapter 2.3 --- 第三階段：戰時的發展(1937-1945) / Chapter 2.4 --- 第四階段：戰後十五年內的發展(1945-1959) / Chapter 2.5 --- 第五階段：六十年代的發展(1960-1969) / Chapter 2.6 --- 第六階段：七十及八十年代前半期的發展(1970-1985) / Chapter 2.7 --- 第七階段：近十年的發展(1986-1996) / Chapter 第3章 --- 香港當代粤曲女伶槪述 --- p.34 / Chapter 3.1 --- 人數與活躍程度 / Chapter 3.2 --- 年齡與年資 / Chapter 3.3 --- 演唱粤曲以外的有關事業 / Chapter 3.4 --- 組織及聯繫 / Chapter 第4章 --- 女伶的演出場合 --- p.52 / Chapter 4.1 --- 歌壇 / Chapter 4.2 --- 地檔 / Chapter 4.3 --- 會堂 / Chapter 4.4 --- 宴會 / Chapter 4.5 --- 歌台 / Chapter 第5章 --- 女伶的演出 --- p.66 / Chapter 5.1 --- 演出的準備及過程 / Chapter 5.2 --- 演出所用的曲本 / Chapter 5.3 --- 觀眾的參與及影響 / Chapter 5.4 --- 演唱與侍奉：女伶的雙重角色 / Chapter 第6章 --- 女伶的唱腔風格及流派 --- p.90 / Chapter 6.1 --- 唱腔及唱腔流派的含意 / Chapter 6.2 --- 粤劇、粤曲的唱腔流派 / Chapter 6.3 --- 當代女伶所屬唱腔流派 / Chapter 6.4 --- 「女伶腔」的繼承及槪念的演變 / Chapter 第7章 --- 結論 --- p.105 / Chapter 7.1 --- 總結 / Chapter 7.2 --- 粤曲女伶與中國優伶文化 / Chapter 7.3 --- 粤曲女伶與中國樂妓文化 / Chapter 7.4 --- 女伶現象與香港文化 / Chapter 7.5 --- 未來硏究的方向：音樂與性別 / 參考著作目錄 --- p.116

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Architecture

Chan, Pui Lun. / "December 2010." / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 133-147). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract of thesis entitled: --- p.i / Abstract (Chinese) --- p.iii / Acknowledgements --- p.iv / Table of Contents --- p.v / List of Figures and Tables --- p.viii / Romanization and Translation --- p.ix / Chapter Chapter One - --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- "Motivations, Arguements and Methodology" --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2 --- Ethnomusicological Studies on Chinese Operas --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3 --- Studying Peking opera in Hong Kong --- p.5 / Biographies of Mainland Peking Opera Performers --- p.5 / Newspapers Reports and Columns --- p.6 / Interview Transcripts of Peking Opera Artists in Hong Kong --- p.7 / Government Documents and Archival Data --- p.8 / Fieldwork --- p.8 / Challenges and Limitations --- p.9 / Chapter 1.4 --- Thesis Outline --- p.10 / Chapter Chapter Two - --- The History of Peking Opera in Hong Kong --- p.14 / Chapter 2.1 --- The Dual Forces of Cultural Policies --- p.15 / Tour Performances as Diplomacy --- p.15 / The First Encounter: Mei Lan-fang's Tour in 1922 --- p.17 / Cultural Competition between the Two Chinese Regimes --- p.21 / Cultural Policy of the Colonial Government before 1980 --- p.24 / Chapter 2.2 --- Early Peking Opera Activities in Hong Kong --- p.26 / Peking Opera in Recordings and Radio Broadcasting --- p.26 / Peking Opera Films in the 1940s and 50s --- p.33 / Integrating Peking Opera with Local Martial Arts Films in the 1960s and 70s --- p.35 / Local Peking Opera Academies --- p.38 / Amateur Peking Opera Groups --- p.42 / Hybridization Between Peking Opera and Cantonese Opera --- p.43 / Chapter 2.3 --- An Entertainment for Mainland Emigrants --- p.48 / Chapter 2.4 --- Summary --- p.51 / Chapter Chapter Three - --- Contemporary Peking Opera Activities --- p.54 / Chapter 3.1 --- The Continuing Political Influence --- p.55 / The Shifting Dynamics of Political Influences in the Pre-HKSAR Period (From 1980 to 1997) --- p.55 / Increasing Support in the HKSAR Period (1997- present) --- p.58 / Chapter 3.2 --- Readapting Western Literature into Peking opera --- p.62 / Chapter 3.3 --- Other Contemporary Activities --- p.65 / General Observations --- p.65 / Musical Background of Participants and Audiences --- p.69 / Audiences'and Participants' Responses --- p.70 / Presentations Styles --- p.71 / Chapter 3.4 --- Summary --- p.78 / Chapter Chapter Four - --- Globalization Impacts on Peking opera in Hong Kong --- p.80 / Chapter 4.1 --- Peking Opera Activities and Globalization in Hong Kong --- p.83 / "Realizing the ""Imaginations""" --- p.83 / The Hybrid Form of Globalization r. --- p.88 / Chapter 4.2 --- A Traditional Interpretation of Globalization --- p.93 / "The ""Dilemma of Identity""" --- p.93 / The Dominance/Resistance Dichotomy in Ethnomusicological Studies --- p.94 / The Co-existence of Dichotomy --- p.96 / Chapter 4.3 --- Summary --- p.99 / Chapter Chapter Five - --- Conclusion --- p.101 / Chapter 5.1 --- Historical Activities --- p.101 / Chapter 5.2 --- Contemporary Activities --- p.104 / Chapter 5.3 --- Political Influences --- p.106 / Chapter 5.4 --- Globalization Impacts --- p.108 / Chapter Appendix I: --- Peking opera events presented by major cultural supporting sectors from 1976 to 2009 --- p.110 / Chapter Appendix II: --- Arts Development Council Grants to Local Peking Opera Troupes from the Financial Year of 1994/95 to 2007/08 --- p.120 / Chapter Appendix III: --- Other Peking Opera Activities Conducted by Local Peking Opera Troupes from 1976 to 2009 --- p.122 / Glossary --- p.126 / Bibliography --- p.133

徐焯賢. / 論文(哲學碩士) -- 香港中文大學人類學部, 1997. / 參考文獻: leaves 73-76. / Xu Zhuoxian. / Chapter 第一章 --- 總論 --- p.1 / Chapter 甲. --- 硏究課題 / Chapter 乙. --- 文獻回顧 / Chapter 丙. --- 硏究方法 / Chapter 第二章 --- 香港粤曲曲藝社的槪況一一以觀華遊樂社爲例 --- p.14 / Chapter 甲. --- 觀華遊樂社的背景資料 / Chapter I. --- 名稱由來 / Chapter II. --- 成立經過和歷史 / Chapter III. --- 會員人數 / Chapter IV. --- 日常活動 / Chapter V. --- 宗旨 / Chapter VI. --- 組織架構 / Chapter 乙. --- 活動描述 / Chapter I. --- 操曲 / Chapter II. --- 敎授老人中心 / Chapter III. --- 公開演出 / Chapter 丙. --- 小結 / Chapter 第三章 --- 觀華遊樂社與香港社會的關係 --- p.34 / Chapter 甲. --- 觀塘社區發展 / Chapter 乙. --- 整體粤曲粤劇發展 / Chapter 丙. --- 九七回歸帶動的身份認同 / Chapter 丁. --- 小結 / Chapter 第四章 --- 觀華遊樂社與個人社會空間的關係 --- p.50 / Chapter 甲. --- 前言 / Chapter 乙. --- 個人資料 / Chapter 丙. --- 參加觀華的重要性 / Chapter I. --- 觀華成員身份的確立 / Chapter II. --- 社區身份 / Chapter III. --- 中國文化身份 / Chapter 丁. --- 小結 / Chapter 第五章 --- 總結一一個人、社會與曲藝社 --- p.69 / 參考書目 --- p.73

李少恩. / "2002年1月" / 論文 (哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2002. / 參考文獻 (leaves 153-163) / 附中英文摘要. / "2002 nian 1 yue" / Li Shao'en. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2002. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 153-163) / Fu Zhong Ying wen zhai yao. / 撮要 --- p.iii / Abstract --- p.iv / Chapter 1. --- 導言 --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- 論題定義 / Chapter 1.2 --- 研究範圍與目的 / Chapter 1.3 --- 過去的研究概況 / Chapter 1.4 --- 研究方法 / Chapter 2. --- 香港粤曲創作史略 --- p.14 / Chapter 2.1 --- 班本時期：鴉片戰爭至十九世紀末（1840-1900) / Chapter 2.2 --- 「理想班本」時期：辛亥革命前後（1900-1920) / Chapter 2.3 --- 粤曲時期：省港大罷工前至中華人民共和國成立後（1920-1960) / Chapter 3. --- 當代香港社會與粤曲撰曲者 --- p.55 / Chapter 3.1 --- 當代香港社會與粤曲發展 / Chapter 3.2 --- 三位當代撰曲者的簡介 / Chapter 3.3 --- 小結 / Chapter 4. --- 當代香港粤曲的創作 --- p.83 / Chapter 4.1 --- 撰曲者對粤曲的已有知識及撰曲動機 / Chapter 4.2 --- 從構思到首演 / Chapter 4.3 --- 個案研究：一次粤曲首演的觀察 / Chapter 4.4 --- 小結 / Chapter 5. --- 當代香港粤曲的結構分析 --- p.109 / Chapter 5.1 --- 當代粤曲的音樂素材 / Chapter 5.2 --- 板腔音樂素材的運用 / Chapter 5.3 --- 「小曲」的選用 / Chapter 5.4 --- 小結 / Chapter 6. --- 結論 --- p.134 / Chapter 6.1 --- 總結 / Chapter 6.2 --- 當代香港粤曲撰曲者的創作路向 / Chapter 6.3 --- 當代香港粤曲撰曲者及作品的承傳 / Chapter 6.4 --- 進一步研究的建議 / 附錄 --- p.144 / 參考書目 --- p.153

Having written over 449 pieces of Cantonese opera works, Tang Di-sheng (1917-1959) is considered to be one of the most outstanding and influential librettists and playwrights of Hong Kong Cantonese opera in the 1950s. His Cantonese operas such as Liu Yue Xue (Snow in June; 1956), Di Nu Hua (The Floral Princess; 1957) and Zi Chai Ji (The Purple Hairpin; 1957), Shuang Xian Bai Yue Ting (Two Immortals at the Pavilion of the Moon; 1958), Bai Tao Hui (Madam Lee Sam Neung; 1958), and Zai Shi Hong Mel Ji (The Reincarnation of Plum Blossom; 1959) are well known to be Tang's masterpieces. / In chapters three and four, the study applies the Merriam's model "concept", "behavior" and "music sound". First, the thesis examines the classical plays, the historical story, pre-existed Cantonese opera and other plays and discusses these "concepts" in relation to Tang's creation. His "behavior", behavior of performers, musicians, audiences and listeners constitutes in the stage performances, the movies and the recordings became the "music sound" of the works of Tang. Finally, it also attempts to understand the works of Tang against the social and cultural background in Hong Kong. The analysis of the selected works shows that Tang attempted to change the creative idea of the works, performing practice, the female role in the 1950s, and how Tang cultivated a unique Hong Kong flavor in his own works. / The theoretical framework is based on Merriam's research model, "concept", "behavior", and "music sound" itself, and has referred to Timothy Rice the revision model which developed a three-dimensional model ("historical construction", "social maintenance", and "individual creation and experience") for ethnomusicological research. Chapter two examines "individual creation and experience", which discusses the biography and the works of Tang Di-sheng, analyses his creativity and experience. Moreover, it is a macroscopic research to correlations in the Hong Kong society and Cantonese Opera. For "historical construction", this chapter studies the social background of Hong Kong's historical development, the development and changes of the social cultural contexts of Hong Kong society and a how did Tang receive "social maintenance" from 1950 to 1959. / 戴淑茵. / Adviser: Chan Sau Yan. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-08, Section: A, page: 2942. / Submitted: November 2007. / Thesis (doctoral)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 373-399). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / School code: 1307. / Dai Shuyin.

李少恩. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 193-201) / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Li Shaoen.