The 2008 financial crisis created new conditions for the listed Swedish property companies and the choice of operational and financial strategy became increasingly important. The purpose of this paper is to identify the listed property companies and their strategies for the period 2002 ‐2011, in order to examine whether these has changed in any direction and if they were more or less profitable. To accomplish this, data was collected from the companies' annual reports and statistical institutes. This was followed up with interviews with company representatives and experts to further broadened the analytical basis. Collected data helped to identify each companies strategies year by year. The analysis revealed some trends among companies regarding their operational and financial strategy. By looking at the Operating strategies we have found that the companies have become more specialized towards either a particular property type or to a geographical region. The companies have also increased their focus on cash flow and reduced their focus on transactions. Financially, the companies have reduced their risks by seeking a more long term capital structure. Alternative sources of funding such as bonds have also become more common among the companies. With the exception of the specialization strategy, the most obvious change in strategy occurred in connection with the financial crisis of 2008. It was also found that the companies that were most transaction ‐intensive also have been most volatile in a profit perspective. / Finanskrisen 2008 skapade nya förutsättningar för de noterade svenska fastighetsbolagen och valet av operativ och finansiell strategi blev allt mer viktig. Syftet med denna uppsats är att kartlägga de noterade Fastighetsbolagen och deras strategier under perioden 2002 ‐2011, för att sedan undersöka huruvida dessa förändrats i någon riktning och om de varit mer eller mindre gynnsamma. För att genomföra detta samlades data in från bolagens årsredovisningar och statistiska institut. Detta följdes upp med intervjuer där bolagsrepresentanter och sakkunniga ytterligare breddade analysunderlaget. Insamlad data bidrog till att fastställa de enskilda bolagens strategier år för år. Analysen visade vissa trender bland bolagen gällande deras operativa och finansiella strategi. Operativt har bolagen blivit mer specialiserade mot antingen en viss fastighets typ eller mot en geografisk region. Bolagen har också ökat fokus på kassaflöden/förvaltning och minskat fokus på transaktioner. Finansiellt har bolagen minskat riskerna genom att sträva efter längre kapital ‐ och räntebindning. Man har också i större grad sökt alternativa finansieringskällor såsom obligationer. Med undantag för specialiseringsstrategin har de tydligaste förändringarna i strategin skett i samband med finanskrisen 2008. Det visade sig också att de bolag som varit mest transaktionsintensiva också har varit mest volatila i ett resultatperspektiv.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T17:04:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 1 / Nenhuma / Este trabalho visa identificar como ocorre o alinhamento entre as características logísticas e as prioridades competitivas, numa empresa que tenha capacidade competitiva. As características logísticas dentro da conjuntura empresarial começam a ser consideradas importantes pelas empresas com o aumento da complexidade de suas operações. Dentro desse ambiente, a partir da década de 80 a logística começa a ser considerada chave de diferenciação e, nesse período, as empresas ou agentes participantes começam a trabalhar os problemas logísticos em conjunto, dando então origem ao termo Gerenciamento da Cadeia de Suprimentos (GCS). O trabalho realizado foi divido em três etapas: construção da fundamentação teórica, pesquisa sobre os componentes técnicos e físicos do GCS e o estudo de caso efetivamente realizado. A construção do referencial teórico baseou-se na vertente unionista das perspectivas dos conceitos logísticos e do GCS, que posiciona a logística como uma função do GCS, abordando também os conceitos da cadeia / This work aims to identifying how the alignment between logistic characteristics and the competitive priorities occurs, in the company who has competitive capacity. The logistic characteristics in the enterprise conjuncture start to be considered important by the companies because of its operations complexity increase. In this environment, in the 1980’s, the logistic begins to be considered a differentiation key. In this period, the companies or agents started to work the logistic problems all together originating the term supply chain management (SCM). The work was divided into three stages: the first one is the theoretical reference construction, the second is a research about the physics and technical SCM components, and the third is the case study. The theoretical reference construction was based on the unionist source perspectives of the logistics concepts and the SCM, which locates the logistic as a SCM function, also approaching the value chain concepts and the operation strategies. The physical and te

Titel: Konkurrensen för de svenska storbankerna på betaltjänstmarknaden efterimplementeringen av PSD2. Bakgrund: Utvecklingen inom betaltjänster har under de senaste åren gått fort fram. Enligt Europeiska Kommissionen har utvecklingen krävt en mer uppdaterad lagstiftning. Betaltjänstdirektivet implementerades i Svensk Lag i maj 2018. PSD2 huvudsakliga syfte är att främja konkurrens samt säkra betalningar och informationsdelning. Problematisering: Hur kommer konkurrensen på betaltjänstmarknaden för de svenskastorbankerna att förändras efter implementeringen av PSD2? Syfte: Uppsatsens syfte är att leda till en djupare förståelse och diskussion för hur PSD2kommer att påverka den svenska betaltjänstmarknaden ur ett konkurrensperspektiv. Metod: Uppsatsen är byggd utifrån en kunskapsgrund bestående av teorier inom ämnet samtav en kvalitativ metod bestående av semistrukturerade intervjuer. Uppsatsen är begränsad tillatt analysera den svenska betaltjänstmarknaden samt de svenska storbankerna. Slutsats: PSD2 kommer att öka konkurrensen för betaltjänster för de svenska storbankerna.Vilken konkurrensposition de olika bankerna kommer att ha kommer främst att bero påbankens val av strategi och samarbetspartners, men även hur konkurrerande aktörer agerar. Nyckelord: PSD2, fintech, Nyinstitutionell teori, Operationella strategier, betaltjänster,konkurrens / Title: Competition for the Swedish major banks in the payment service market after theimplementation of PSD2. Background: The development of payment services has accelerated in recent years. According to the European Commission, the development has increased the need for a moreupdated legislation. The Payment Services Directive was implemented in Swedish Law inMay 2018. The main objective of PSD2 is to promote competition and secure payments andinformation sharing. Problem: How will the competition in the payment service market for the Swedish majorbanks change after the implementation of PSD2? Purpose: The purpose of this essay is to develop a deeper understanding and discussion ofhow PSD2 will impact the Swedish payment service. Method: The essay is based on existing theories in the subject field and a qualitative methodconsisting of semi-structured interviews. The essay is limited to analysing the Swedishpayment service market and the Swedish major banks. Conclusion: PSD2 will increase the competition for provision of payment services for theSwedish major banks. The competitive position in the payment market of the Swedish majorbanks will primarily rely on a bank’s choice of strategy and partners, but also on howcompeting actors will act. Keyword: PSD2, fintech, New-institutional theory, Operational strategies, Payment services, Competition

The main objective pursued in this thesis targets the development and systematization of a methodology that allows addressing management problems in the dynamic operation of Urban Wastewater Systems. The proposed methodology will suggest operational strategies that can improve the overall performance of the system under certain problematic situations through a model-based approach. The proposed methodology has three main steps: The first step includes the characterization and modeling of the case-study, the definition of scenarios, the evaluation criteria and the operational settings that can be manipulated to improve the system’s performance. In the second step, Monte Carlo simulations are launched to evaluate how the system performs for a wide range of operational settings combinations, and a global sensitivity analysis is conducted to rank the most influential operational settings. Finally, the third step consists on a screening methodology applying a multi-criteria analysis to select the best combinations of operational settings. / El principal objectiu d’aquesta tesi és desenvolupar una metodologia que permeti abordar els problemes de gestió del cicle industrial de l’aigua. La metodologia proposada suggereix estratègies de gestió que poden millorar el rendiment general del sistema en determinades situacions problemàtiques. La metodologia proposada es basa en un model matemàtic de simulació d’aquestes infraestructures i consta de tres passos. El primer pas inclou la caracterització i modelització del cas d’estudi, la definició d’escenaris, criteris d’avaluació i paràmetres d’operació del sistema. En el segon pas, es llancen simulacions Monte Carlo (MC) amb l’objectiu d’avaluar com es comporta el sistema segons diferents estratègies d’operació. Per tal d’identificar els paràmetres d’operació més influents es du a terme una anàlisi global de sensibilitat. Finalment, el tercer pas consisteix en una metodologia d’avaluació basada en solucions Pareto i un anàlisi multicriteri per tal de seleccionar les millors estratègies d’operació.