Student Number: 0316733E Master of Arts (Industrial Psychology) Faculty of Humanities / The aim of this research project was to investigate final year university students’ attitudes towards affirmative action. In particular the current research investigated the final year students’ justice perceptions and attitudes towards affirmative action as well as their perceptions of job opportunities. The study also incorporated the role of locus of control in relation to the above mentioned variables. Prior research indicated that affirmative action is perceived as controversial in nature and has been accused of promoting inherent unfairness of practices and procedures that give preferential treatment to certain groups of people based on gender, race and ethnicity (Parker, Baltes and Christiansen, 1997). In addition affirmative action has been accused of reducing job opportunities for non-beneficiaries, as well as stigmatising those it aims to assist (Kravits and Plantainia, 1992). Therefore there arises a need to examine and explore affirmative action within South Africa, as much research has been conducted in the United States and is not applicable to South Africa. The present research was conducted using a quantitative, non-experimental cross sectional research design. The sample consisted of fourth year bachelor of accounting students. Five hypotheses were tested. The results indicted that support was found for three of the hypotheses, indicating that attitudes towards affirmative action differ between beneficiaries and non – beneficiaries. There is a relationship between perceptions of job opportunities and attitudes towards affirmative action as well as a relationship between justice perceptions of affirmative action and attitudes towards affirmative action in both beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries. The findings are discussed in relation to previous research. The implications of the research and the limitations of the study are outlined in the research report.

The dissertation deals with the provisions of law applicable to equal opportunities of women and men in labour-law relationships. In this context, it mainly focuses on employment laws; Act No. 198/2009 Coll. on equal treatment and on legal remedies against discrimination and on amendment of some other acts (the Discrimination Act); and other related laws and regulations applicable in this area. The dissertation is divided into nine main chapters. Its core is comprised of chapters 4 through 8, which contain a detailed analysis of the statutory provisions governing the equal opportunities of women and men in employment in Czech laws, EU laws, and international treaties. Chapters 1 through 3 offer a general introduction to the domain of equal opportunities, while chapter 9 summarises the conclusions and findings of the dissertation. The first chapter explains why the dissertation deals with equal opportunities of women and men in labour-law relationships, and highlights the importance of this issue in international law and in the EU's social policies. This chapter also underlines the extraordinary community-wide significance of this issue. The second chapter contains an analysis of the basic terms used with regard to equal opportunities of women and men in labour-law relationships, and explains the...

By adopting the United Nations Agenda 2030 and its 17 Sustainable Development Goals, a common path towards a sustainable world is accepted. The Agenda 2030 framework strives towards global sustainability by including all sustainability dimensions. Agenda 2030 reaches worldwide and to all authority levels. To reach the goals, implementation on the local level is central, but the process, which is called localization, is however not always simple. Since the global prerequisites and contexts vary, the implementation process will face different obstacles and challenges, yet the different nations will also see different opportunities. This study aims to examine municipality officials' views on the local implementation of the climate and environmental related goals of Agenda 2030 in order to create a deeper understanding of what makes challenges and opportunities in the process. The analysis is based on focus group interviews in three Swedish municipalities within the same county. Patterns in similar challenges and opportunities for Agenda 2030 localization are identified between the municipalities studied. A general challenge is seen in the complexity of the goals in their unity, by contrast an opportunity is seen within the own interpretation of the Agenda 2030 targets. Adopting the agenda to already existing policies are considered hard as well as the organization structure of municipalities. Yet, opportunities are seen within the local contributions to goal achievement and the use of workforce reserved for the implementation process. No general template for Agenda 2030 implementation can be identified - the process needs to be locally interpreted and adapted.

Diabetes Mellitus is a group of diseases, prevalence and incidence of which is on the rise not only in the Czech Republic, but also worldwide. This diploma work aims to analyze market situation and opportunities for modern oral anti-diabetic drugs. This work also designs suitable positioning for new OADs of Novartis -- Galvus and Eucreas.

Before the Velvet Revolution, Mongolia was a very important trading partner of the former Czechoslovakia. The aim of my thesis is to present Mongolia as a potential business partner for today's Czech exporters and investors and see if it is possible to develop mutual economic relations. The thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter focuses on the general characteristics of Mongolia, for example geographic and demographic data, administrative structure and history. Another chapter is devoted to analysis of the Mongolian market, thus characterizes the political, legal, social and technological environment. The third chapter is focused on the economic characteristics of the country, follows the development of macroeconomic indicators and provides detailed information on foreign trade and analyzes the investment climate. The fourth chapter is about the Mongolian culture, its differences and etiquette of business meetings. The final chapter follows the existing trade relations between the Czech Republic and Mongolia, deals with the specifics of entry of Czech entities and based on information from companies already doing business in Mongolia, the chapter analyzes the suitable fields and possibilities of entry of Czech companies to Mongolia.

This study investigated the effects of using a group contingency program with three students with disabilities in a small group special education setting. These students exhibited both academic and behavioral difficulties. With the use of Class Wide Function-Related Intervention Team (CW-FIT) students increased their active engagement and correct responses, as well as decreased their disruptive behaviors; however, these behaviors did not maintain over time. CW-FIT with high opportunities to respond showed an even greater improvement than CW-FIT with low opportunities to respond. Increased opportunities to respond resulted in higher levels of active engagement and correct responses and decreases in disruptive behavior for all three students. These results indicate that CW-FIT in combination with high opportunities to respond can help manage students' behavior and help them increase correct responding.

Thesis (MBA.) --University of Limpopo, 2018 / In a country with a high unemployment rate, such as South Africa, the role played by small, medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs) cannot be undermined in creating jobs. SMMEs are crucial in the labour market, as they aim to curb and stimulate economic growth and development in South Africa. The aim of this study is to revisit or establish challenges and opportunities for the growth of SMMEs. The study was based on data collected from SMME entrepreneurs in the Sekhukhune area of Fetakgomo Municipality in Limpopo Province. The population of this study consisted of 53 respondents. The researcher had previously administered the instruments to a pilot group to examine the user-friendliness, comprehensiveness and adequacy of the data collection procedures and instruments. In addition, the data were analysed to establish the adequacy of the data analysis plan of actionSampling refers to the procedure by which a given number of subjects from a population are selected to represent that population. According to Babbie et al. (2001:104), a sample representative of a population or universe is taken from any portion of that population or universe. In terms of sample size consideration, according to Maree (2007), larger samples are better in terms of representativeness, statistical analysis and accuracy. In the present study, 53 people were interviewed to thoroughly determine the challenges and opportunities of SMMEs in the area. Snowball and convenience sampling methods were utilised to interview the SMMEs.The data were analysed using descriptive statistics. The results indicate that to improve the growth of SMMEs, the government should actively hold campaigns to enlighten the public of their supportive service structures that they offer to encourage emerging SMMEs to partake in various local business chambers to access business support. Internally, the entrepreneurs and their staff should engage in business training to enhance their entrepreneurial skills. The study recommends that the government needs to realign the current policy on SMMEs to encompass the dynamic economic changes in supporting the role made by this sector in the business environment with a view to improve their growth. The study established the need for an increased awareness to emerging SMMEs on opportunities available to them to develop and grow their businesses. Furthermore, this development and growth can be improved by creating incentives for financiers to extend their credit and loan offers to SMMEs, coupled with tax incentives for that comply.

La réflexion juridique relative aux opportunités d’affaires est traditionnellement cantonnée au domaine qui a vu leur émergence : le droit des relations fiduciaires. Dans ce cadre, une opportunités d'affaires est traditionnellement regardée comme une chance captée par le dirigeant social. Mais n’est-il pas souhaitable de donner à la notion d’opportunité d’affaires une dimension plus large ? Une opportunité d’affaires est en effet une occasion de s’engager dans une opération ou une activité. En tant que chance économique, une opportunité d’affaires émerge sur le marché. À quelle condition, néanmoins, une occasion de contracter peut-elle être jugée opportune par celui qui s’apprête à la saisir ? Toute opportunité est-elle, par ailleurs, librement saisissable ? Quel est, autrement dit, le traitement juridique des opportunités d’affaires ? Identifier une opportunité d’affaires consiste à déterminer si une opération ou une activité est ou non opportune pour celui qui est appelé à la saisir. En toute hypothèse, le droit contrôle les moyens de l’identification d’une opportunité d’affaires, l’identification d’une opportunité d’affaires ne doit pas être l’occasion de tous les excès. Le traitement juridique des opportunités d’affaires est double. Au terme de sa fonction traditionnelle d’interdiction, le droit dissuade la captation d’une opportunité d’affaires. Mais embrassant désormais une perspective complémentaire de celle qui est classiquement la sienne, le droit reçoit pour mission d’inciter à saisir des opportunités d’affaires. Le sens de l’étude est ainsi de révéler l’appréhension, bien plus large qu’il n’y paraît, des opportunités d’affaires par le droit privé / Legal thinking about business opportunities is traditionally confined to the field that has emerged: the law of fiduciary relationships. In this context, a business opportunity is traditionally viewed as a chance captured by the social leader. But is it not desirable to give the notion of business opportunity a broader dimension? A business opportunity is indeed an opportunity to engage in an operation or activity. As an economic opportunity, a business opportunity emerges on the market. On what condition, however, can an opportunity to contract be considered opportune by the person who is about to seize it? Is every opportunity, moreover, freely seizable? What is, in other words, the legal treatment of business opportunities? Identifying a business opportunity is to determine whether or not an operation or activity is appropriate for the person who is called upon to seize it. In any case, the law controls the means of identifying a business opportunity, the identification of a business opportunity should not be an opportunity for all excesses. The legal treatment of business opportunities is twofold. At the end of its traditional interdiction function, the law discourages the capture of a business opportunity. But now embracing a perspective complementary to that which is classically his own, the law's mission is to encourage the seizure of business opportunities. The meaning of the study is thus to reveal the apprehension, much wider than it seems, of business opportunities by private law

This study was conducted to determine if employers were inclined to discriminate between two-year and four-year educated accountants in making hiring and promotional decisions. In addition, accounting graduates of two-year and four-year institutions were studied to see if there were differences between these two groups in regard to educational programs taken, perceptions of the benefit received from the courses taken, salaries received, and views concerning employer hiring and promotional practices. This study included three different groups consisting of 39 employers in the private business sector as well as 43 two-year accounting associate degree graduates and 43 bachelor accounting degree graduates. A sample of businesses from the Wasatch-Front Area of the State of Utah was drawn and personal interviews held in order to collect the desired data. Conclusions based upon the significant differences found during the analyses of the data indicated that employers paid four-year accounting educated graduates higher salaries and believed these graduates did not need as much additional education as two-year graduates when education was a criteria used in determining promotions. Employers indicated, too, that four-year accountants were better prepared educationally to handle "detailed and difficult accounting tasks," as well as "accounting theory and principles." There was a difference in the accounting educational programs taken between two-year and four-year accounting graduates. Differences were found in 21 courses, with four-year graduates having had more instruction in 19 of these subjects while the two-year graduates had more exposure in two of the courses. The benefits received from courses taken was also viewed differently by accountants. The four-year graduates earned a significantly higher salary and were given more opportunities for financial assistance in upgrading accounting skill and knowledge. Conclusions based on similar opinions and views revealed that most employers were willing to hire graduates from postsecondary schools without previous work experience and considered graduates from the various postsecondary educational institutions as being adequately prepared to handle the positions to which they were assigned. Most employers also deduced that graduates did need additional education in certain areas and believed that accounting internships would have been helpful. Most companies did not have a policy dictating annual salary increases nor job advancement plans for accounting personnel. Most accountants on the job had been with their current employer between three and four years, and the time spent in their present positions was slightly over two and one-half years. Most accountants believed that an internship experience would have been beneficial to them prior to their entering the work force and would have been willing to work for a company in connection with their school preparation.

The purpose of this study was to determine how perceived gender roles developed throughout childhood and early adulthood impacted the career decisions of women in science-related career fields. An additional purpose was to determine if my experiences as I analyzed the data and the propositions discovered in the study would become a transformative agent for me. A multicase framework was utilized so that within and between case analyses could be achieved. Four women who showed early promise in science were chosen as the case study participants. The relationship of gender roles to the career decisions made by the four cases were arbitrated through three areas: (a) supports, which came from parents, immediate family members, spouses, teachers, mentors, and collaborators; (b) opportunities, which were separated into family experiences and opportunities, school and community opportunities, and postsecondary/current opportunities; and (c) postmodern feminism, which was the lens that grounded this study and fit well with the lives of the cases. As seen through a postmodern feminist lens, the cases’ social class, their lived experiences tied to their opportunities and supports, and the culture of growing up in a small rural community helped them develop personas for the professions they chose even where those professions did not necessarily follow from the early promise shown for a sciencerelated career. In addition, as related to my transformation as a male researcher, being a male conducting research in a realm most often shared by women, I was able to gain greater empathy and understanding of what it takes for women to be successful in a career and at the same time maintain a fruitful family life.