Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent) / Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is a public health problem both in developing and developed countries. Its widespread prevalence among children makes it ideal for assessing the risk factors and identifying specific strategies that could be implemented to prevent the disease. The aim of the present study was to determine the risk factors associated with early childhood caries among 5 – 48 month children in Mariental, Namibia. The objectives were to determine (i) the prevalence and severity of early childhood caries in 5 – 48 months old children (ii) the risk of early childhood caries associated with feeding practices, social and cultural behaviour, sugar consumption, dental health awareness, fluoride and risk behaviour. The study design used was cross-sectional and descriptive. A convenience sample was used as mothers visited the post-natal clinic or the hospital for treatment of other ailments or problems. The sample size comprised 230 mothers and their children and only mothers and their biological children in the age range 5- 48 months were included in the survey. Data was collected by using an open- and closed-ended questionnaire that included questions regarding the child‘s dietary and nutritional habits, oral hygiene habits, socio-economic status and beliefs. Mothers and their biological children were examined for presence or absence of dental caries and the findings were recorded on a modified WHO data sheet. The mean age of the children was 24 months, the mean deft 1.5 and the Significant Caries Index (SiC) was 4.5. There was an increase in caries prevalence (add caries prevalence) with increasing age both among girls and boys. The mean DMFT of the mothers was 7.1, their SiC was 17.11 and more than three quarters had at least one tooth missing which was extracted due to caries and just under a quarter had one or more decayed teeth. Despite the fact that most of the mothers reported knowing the importance of good oral hygiene, brush their own teeth and cleaning their children‘s mouth both mothers and their children had high DMFT or deft indices. This is due to a multiplicity of factors – the majority of the mothers were both uneducated and unemployed and have difficulty in making or taking appropriate choices conducive to healthy lifestyles in turn affecting their behaviours and oral hygiene practices.

Stress occurs within everyone’s life, from the onset of life until a person takes their last breath. The National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health describe stress as a physical and emotional reaction to an experience that will occur within one’s life as changes occur. Stress is an action that occurs when the body encounters an experience triggered by a stressor, either internally or externally, that brings the body beyond its normal homeostatic threshold. In return the body shuts down to protect itself from overloading and overwhelming itself, from the stressor that is causing this reaction. Stress is a normal feeling, but chronic and long-term stress can lead to many disruptions to an individual’s health and disrupt their normal lifestyle. In 2019 it has been estimated that 70% of primary care visits are related to problems related to stress and lifestyle. Stress can present itself in numerous forms depending on the individual. Stress alters numerous aspects of life, it can be emotionally, physically, psychologically, etc. There are a wide range of health problems that stem from chronic stress; stress can disrupt eating habits, normal body functions, cause mood swings and unwanted behavioral changes, trigger latent diseases and many other problems. One of the biggest, yet unnoticed changes that stress can cause is how chronic stress leads to a decline in oral health, as an effect of the constant changes going on within the body. The oral cavity is one of the biggest indicators that there are changes going on within a patient. This literature review will evaluate the various oral conditions that stress can cause within the oral cavity and the resulting impact to one’s overall health. Oral health is direly important to overall health. A routine exam of the oral cavity can associate many systemic diseases affecting an individual based on the oral manifestations that are presented. While other symptoms often go unnoticed and get neglected until it is too late, the oral cavity is an early indicator that there is something that is causing a disruption to the body. The oral manifestations that were focused on for this literature review included some very common cases while others were more circumstantial. The goal was to link the oral manifestations to common oral conditions that stress brought upon the body, including periodontal disease, bruxism, habitual biting of the oral mucosa and geographic tongue. Bruxism, and periodontal disease yielded the most significant findings and its relation to stress while geographic tongue did lack some critical findings because of the condition being transient in nature and underreported. A reduction in stress can lead to a lower incidence of these oral conditions and systemic diseases in the population. Numerous research studies were evaluated to access the relation to stress and its effects on oral health, although if this review were to be done again, more data collected over a 5-year span on each condition and manifestation would be supportive.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This investigation examined the relationship between oral hygiene scores and visual motor integration scores (developmental age) in five- to eleven-year-old children. A total of 128 subjects were given the Beery test of visual motor integration to determine their developmental age. A pre- and post-brushing plaque score was obtained as a measure of each subject's oral hygiene ability. Statistical analysis of the data revealed that chronological age was not a statistically significant predictor of oral hygiene ability, while developmental age as determined by the Beery test was found to be a statistically significant predictor of oral hygiene ability (p < .006).

Background and Purpose: Evidence now links poor oral hygiene to systemic and infectious diseases such as pneumonia. Hospitalized patients, who now retain their teeth into older adulthood, often rely on nurses to provide oral hygiene care. Nurses have the potential to impact oral health outcomes and quality of life by controlling plaque. However, oral hygiene care practices of nurses in post-acute hospital settings are relatively unknown. The purpose of this study was to explore how nurses provide bedtime oral hygiene care, how they decide on interventions provided, and how certain factors influence their ability to provide oral care. Methods: A qualitative, exploratory multiple-case study was conducted with 25 nurses working on five inpatient units at different hospitals. Nurses were accompanied on their evening rounds to observe oral care practices, the physical environment, and workflow. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the case study data base including transcripts of guided conversations, field notes, and documents. Within-case analysis was followed by cross-case analysis. Findings: Findings indicate that: (a) nurses often convey oral hygiene care to their patients as being optional; (b) nurses are inclined to preserve patient autonomy in oral hygiene care; (c) oral hygiene care is often spontaneous and variable, and may not be informed by evidence; and (d) oral hygiene care is not embedded into bedtime care routines. Implications: Oral health history and assessment data are essential to the creation of individualized, feasible oral hygiene care plans that consider patient dignity. Knowledge of the health benefits of oral care, and skills related to assessment and approaches to oral care are required by nurses. Availability of effective products and supplies facilitates provision of oral care. The evidence for oral hygiene care practices, outcomes of nurse-administered oral care, and the role of nurses in influencing the oral health literacy of patients requires further study. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / When in hospital, older people often rely on nurses for help with oral care. Little is known about how nurses provide this type of care, but poor oral care can lead to pneumonia, gum disease, and other diseases of the body. In this study, nurses were accompanied as they provided bedtime oral care to patients. Findings showed that: (a) nurses let patients decide about doing oral care and do not encourage it, (b) nurses let patients do oral care themselves, even if they cannot do a good job, (c) the oral care given depends on the nurse, and (d) bedtime oral care, the most important time of day, is not part of the bedtime routine. Nurses should (a) ask patients about their oral health and inspect their mouths, (b) have the right supplies available so they can more easily provide effective oral care, and (c) teach their patients about the importance of oral hygiene.

by Cissy C.S. Chan. / Questionnaires in Chinese and English. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1993. / Includes bibliographical references. / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- BACKGROUND --- p.1 / Chapter 1. --- The Oral Health Care Delivery System in Hong Kong / Chapter 2. --- The Hong Kong Oral Care Aids Market / Chapter 3. --- Oral Health Education in Hong Kong / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.11 / Chapter 1. --- Hong Kong Survey of Adult Oral Health1984 / Chapter 2. --- "Satellite Surveys by Students of the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong" / Chapter 3. --- Tracking Study for HKDA Advertising Campaign1991 / Chapter 4. --- An Analytical Study on the Factors Affecting the Demand for Dental Care Hong Kong / Chapter 5. --- J & J Tracking Study 1991 on Toothbrushes / Chapter 6. --- J & J Tracking Study 1992 on Mouthwash / Chapter 7. --- J & J In-house Survey on Plaque Understanding and Mouthwash Usage1992 / Chapter 8. --- Psychology of Dentistry / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- STATEMENT OF OVERALL OBJECTIVES --- p.25 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- METHODOLOGY --- p.28 / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- RESEARCH FINDINGS --- p.30 / Chapter 1. --- Findings from Qualitative Research / Chapter 2. --- Finding from Quantitative Research / Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- RECOMMENDATIONS --- p.58

Darbo tikslas: Ištirti ir įvertinti Birštono gimnazijos 8-12 metų mokinių burnos būklę ir higieną; tirtųjų tėvų požiūrį į vaikų burnos sveikatą. Uždaviniai: Įvertinti 8 – 12 metų vaikų ėduonies paplitimą ir intensyvumą; burnos ertmės higienos būklę; įvertinti tėvų požiūrį į burnos ertmės higieną; įvertinti 8 – 12 metų amžiaus vaikų mitybos įpročius. Tyrimo metodika. Tyrimas buvo atliktas nuo 2012 metų sausio iki vasario mėnesio pabaigos Birštono miesto gimnazijoje.Viso Birštono gimnazijoje nuo 1 iki 6 klasės mokinių yra 172. Vykdant tyrimą buvo išdalintos 172 anoniminės anketos tėvams (atsako dažnis - 91,8 proc.) ir 172 vaikams (atsako dažnis – 83 proc.). Iš tėvų anketų užpildytų tinkamai buvo 143,o 15 anketų buvo atmestos dėl netinkamo ar nepilno užpildymo. Iš vaikų anketų užpildytų tinkamai ir analizuojamų buvo 143. Apklausoms buvo taikyti klausimynai (vaikams ir tėvams) sudaryti iš kitų tyrėjų sukurtų skalių bei klausimynų, atrenkant tinkamus klausimus. Tėvų klausimyną sudarė 29 klausimai, o vaikų – 15 klausimų bei klinikinės apžiūros schema, kuri buvo parengta pagal PSO (3-5 priedai). Rezultatai. Ėduonis yra labai paplitęs Birštono gimnazijoje tarp 8-12 m. amžiaus vaikų (paplitimas - 79,7 proc.). Susirūpinti reikėtų 8-9 metų vaikų burnos ertmės būkle bei higiena, kadangi jų ėduonies intensyvumo rodikliai yra labai aukšti. Pastebėta, kad iš 53 vaikų, kurie buvo 8-9 metų amžiaus gera burnos ertmės higiena nustatyta 36,1 proc., o patenkinama burnos ertmės higiena – 38,6... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Aim of the study: Investigate and evaluate Birštonas gymnasium 8-12 year old pupils oral health and hygiene; researched parents attitude towards children's oral health. Objectives: To evaluate 8-12 year-old children caries prevalence and severity, oral hygiene status and assess parents' views on oral hygiene; to evaluate 8-12 year old children's eating habits. Material and methods: The study was conducted from January 2012 to the end of February in Birštonas city high school. In total in Birštonas Gymnasium from 1 to 6th grade there are 172 students. The survey was distributed to 172 anonymous questionnaires to parents (response rate – 91,8%) and 172 students (response rate – 83%). The parent questionnaires were completed correctly 143, while 15 questionnaires were rejected due to improper or incomplete filling. From the children questionnaires 143 were completed appropriately and analyzed. For surveys were used questionnaires (parents and children) who were composed of other researchers developed scales and questionnaires and selecting the right questions. Parental questionnaire consisted of 29 questions and children - 15 questions and clinical examination scheme, which has been prepared in accordance with PSO (annexes 3-5). Results: Caries is very common in Birštonas gymnasium between 8-12 year old children (spread 79.7 %). Should be concerned 8-9 years old children's oral health and hygiene, because their caries intensity rates are very high. Was noted that of the 53... [to full text]

Submitted by Jean Medeiros (jeanletras@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-10-07T15:36:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Fábio Gomes dos Santos.pdf: 1461597 bytes, checksum: ec1a69cfda2430a4c8d011fc915f7208 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Secta BC (secta.csu.bc@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-10-17T13:33:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Fábio Gomes dos Santos.pdf: 1461597 bytes, checksum: ec1a69cfda2430a4c8d011fc915f7208 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-17T13:33:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Fábio Gomes dos Santos.pdf: 1461597 bytes, checksum: ec1a69cfda2430a4c8d011fc915f7208 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-31 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Periodontal diseases are considered a public health problem in the world, affecting people in all ages, including adolescents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the oral hygiene level and periodontal status of 15-19 years-old schoolchildren in the city of Campina Grande, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 630 students enrolled at public schools, randomly selected by cluster sampling design. For data collection, a form containing socioeconomic variables and those related to oral hygiene was used. Periodontal status was assessed by applying the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) and the Community Periodontal Index (CPI).Two calibrated examiners (kappa>0.61) performed the clinical examinations. Data were descriptively and inferentially analyzed using the chi-square test, adopting significance level of 5%.There was no statistically significant difference between socioeconomic aspects and periodontal status (p>0.05). All students reported use the toothbrush and toothpaste, while interdental cleaning with dental floss was reported by only 44.1%. The use of dental floss was higher between females (p<0.027). Most of individuals (59.7%) had satisfactory oral hygiene status (OHI-S<1.1), but only 1.3% had healthy periodontium (CPI=0). The prevalence of calculus, bleeding on probe and shallow pockets (4-5mm) were 37.8%, 34.4% and 24.3% respectively. It was concluded that the 15-19 years-old schoolchildren have healthy oral hygiene habits, but showed a high prevalence of bleeding, calculus and shallow periodontal pocket. / As doenças periodontais são consideradas problemas de saúde pública em todo o mundo, podendo afetar indivíduos de todas as idades, incluindo os adolescentes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o nível de higiene oral e condição periodontal de escolares de 15 a 19 anos da rede pública estadual de Campina Grande, Paraíba. Realizou-se um estudo transversal com 630 escolares matriculados em escolas públicas, selecionados aleatoriamente pela técnica de amostragem por conglomerados. Para a coleta dos dados foi utilizado um formulário contendo informações socioeconômicas e sobre os hábitos de higiene oral dos participantes. A condição periodontal foi avaliada através da aplicação do Índice de Higiene Oral Simplificado (IHO-S) e do Índice Periodontal Comunitário (IPC). Dois examinadores calibrados (kappa>0.61) realizaram os exames clínicos. Os dados foram analisados através da estatística descritiva e inferencial (teste Qui-Quadrado, nível de significância de 95%). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os aspectos socioeconômicos e a condição periodontal (p>0,05). Todos os participantes revelaram usar a escova de dente e o creme dental, enquanto que a limpeza interproximal com o fio dental foi observada em 44,1%. O uso do fio dental foi maior entre as mulheres (p<0,027). A maioria dos indivíduos (59,7%) apresentaram um grau de higiene oral satisfatório (IHO-S<1,1), porém apenas 1,3% possuíam saúde periodontal (IPC=0). A prevalência de cálculo, sangramento à sondagem e bolsa periodontal rasa (4-5mm) foi 37,8%; 34,4% e 24,3%; respectivamente. Pode-se concluir que os escolares de 15 a 19 anos possuem hábitos saudáveis de higiene oral, contudo apresentaram uma elevada prevalência de sangramento, cálculo dentário e bolsa periodontal rasa.

Hintergrund. Die zahnmedizinische Versorgung und Oralhygiene bei Menschen mit Demenz (MmD) ist auch unter Berücksichtigung der zunehmenden Anzahl der erhaltenen Zähne schwierig. Ziel der Arbeit. Es soll geklärt werden,ob das Angebot einer Beratungsstelle zum Thema Mundgesundheit und Demenz genutzt wird. Material und Methoden. Die Beratungsstelle wurde mit 3 zahnmedizinischen Spezialisten aufgebaut, und ein Jahr lang wurden die telefonischen Anfragen gesammelt sowie ausgewertet. Ergebnisse. Die zahnmedizinische Beratung wurde von 355 Anrufern (180 medizinisch-pflegerisch tätig; 175 Angehörige) im Zeitraum vom 01.06.2012 bis 31.05.2013 genutzt. Von den Anrufern wurden in den ca. 21 min dauernden Gesprächen 2535 Probleme angesprochen. Fast ein Viertel der Anrufer fragte nach einer mobilen Behandlung, und 14,4% suchten einen Zahnarzt, der auf die Behandlung der MmD spezialisiert ist. Orale Erkrankungen, die Mundhygiene und die interpersonellen Schwierigkeiten, die zwischen allen Beteiligten zur oralen Situation auftraten, wurden thematisiert. Drei Viertel des medizinisch-pflegerischen Personals fragten nach Schulungen, um die Mundgesundheit und Oralhygiene bei MmD zu verbessern. Schlussfolgerung. Die Nachfrage bei den Spezialisten zeigte, dass es großen Wissensbedarf sowohl beim Fachpersonal als auch bei den Angehörigen gibt. Die Studie belegt, dass die Probleme in der Mundhöhle von MmD breit gefächert sind. Wissen zu Mund- und Prothesenhygiene sowie den Krankheitsbildern der Mundhöhle könnte strukturiert in die Aus- und Fortbildung eingebracht werden. Neben dem Wissensdefizit wird auch deutlich,dass die zahnmedizinische Versorgungsstruktur nicht für die MmD gesichert ist. Hier sind die Politiker und die Akteure im Gesundheitswesen aufgefordert, die zahnmedizinische Versorgung in den Demenznetzwerken und -strategien zu verankern. / Background. The complexity of dental care and oral hygiene for people with dementia increases with increasing numbers of residual teeth. Aim. This study was carried out to determine whether the offer of a telephone helpline on oral health and dementia would be utilized. Material and methods. Over a period of 1 year contacts received by a telephone helpline manned by three oral healthcare staff were collected and analyzed. Results. From 01 June 2012 to 31 May 2013 a total of 355 callers (180 healthcare staff and 175 relatives) presented and discussed 2535 problems. The average duration of a call was 21 min. Almost one quarter of the callers were looking for mobile dental care services and 14,4% were looking for a dentist specializedin caring for patients with dementia. Oral disease, oral care and conflicts between stakeholders on aspects of oral health were discussed. Of the healthcare staff three quarters asked about training to improve the oral health of people with dementia. Conclusion. The demand on the specialists of the helpline showed a substantial knowledge deficit of healthcare staff and relatives. The study confirmed a wide range of oral health issues of people with dementia. Knowledge on oral and denture hygiene and on oral disease could be introduced into primary training and continued professional education. In addition to the lack of knowledge, deficits also exist in the oral healthcare system for people with dementia. Poliicians and healthcare stakeholders are encouraged to incorporate oral healthcare for people with dementia into strategies and dementia networks.

På en intensivvårdsavdelning vårdas bland annat patienter som är svårt sjuka, har allvarliga skador och kan ha genomgått omfattande operationer. Patienterna är oftast helt beroende av vårdpersonalen och att de sköter deras hygien. Med tanke på att de även kan vara infektionskänsliga är det extra viktigt att dessa patienter får en så individuellt anpassad munvård som möjligt. Studier tyder på bristande kunskaper kring oral hälsa och att munvården inte prioriteras inom vården trots att allvarliga komplikationer kan uppstå. Syftet med denna studie var att belysa undersköterskors uppfattning om oral hälsa och vilka rutiner som finns för munvård på patienter vid en intensivvårdsavdelning. Åtta intervjuer ägde rum som analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultatet tyder på att munvård prioriteras högt på avdelningen och att undersköterskorna har kunskaper om varför det är viktigt att patienterna har en god munhygien. Det framgick också att munvårdsrutiner finns på avdelningen och tycks utföras till stor del tillfredsställande.

Bakgrund: Ortodontisk behandling utförs vanligtvis på ungdomar och kan innebära en risk för den orala hälsan. Studier har visat att patienter med fast apparatur löper större risk att utveckla svullen gingiva och karies. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka tandvårdspersonalens rutiner kring munhygien hos patienter med fast apparatur på ortodontikliniker. Metod: Studien är en kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie i form av en enkät med 11 frågor. Enkäten skickades till fyra ortodontikliniker i fyra olika län i södra Sverige. Enkäten innehöll frågor gällande munhygien-rutiner och tandhygienistprofessionen. Sammanlagt 59 personer tillfrågades delta i studien. Resultat: Enkäten besvarades av 38 personer. Resultatet visade att majoriteten av deltagarna in-struerade munhygieninstruktion vid insättning av fast apparatur och vid uppvisad dålig munhy-gien. Samtliga deltagare instruerade munhygien på patienten och större delen gav även samtal och uppföljning. Gällande tandhygienistprofessionen har majoriteten av klinikerna inte någon tandhygienist anställd. Av samtliga deltagare ansåg 29% (n=11) att det skulle vara bra att ha en tandhygienist anställd på ortodontikliniker och 45% (n=17) såg behov av kontakt. Slutsats: Det fanns inte några större skillnader mellan professionerna och klinikerna gällande munhygienru-tiner och hur de utförs. Nästan hälften av deltagarna såg behov av kontakt med tandhygienist vid insättning av fast apparatur och vid munhygieninstruktion. / Background: Orthodontic treatment is usually performed on adolescents and increase risks for the oral health. Studies have shown that patients with fixed appliances more likely develop gingival enlargement and caries. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the dental pro-fessional’s routines including oral hygiene in patients with fixed appliances on orthodontic clin-ics. Method: The study was a quantitative cross-sectional study with questionnaire regarding 11 questions. The questionnaire was sent to four orthodontic clinics in four counties in southern Sweden and contained questions regarding oral hygiene routines and dental hygienists. Alto-gether 59 individuals were asked to participate. Results: The questionnaire was answered by 38 individuals. The result showed that the majority gave oral hygiene instructions at insertion of fixed appliances and when oral hygiene was poor. All participants practice oral hygiene in-structions on patients and almost everyone had conversations and follow-up visits. The majority of clinics didn´t have dental hygienists employed. Of all participants 29% (n=11) thought it would be good to have dental hygienists employed and 45% (n=17) saw need of contact. Conclusion: No major differences between professions and clinics were shown regarding oral hy-giene routines and performance. Almost half of the participants saw need of contact with dental hygienists.