'Hungry Ghosts' is an account of thirty-six hours of a young woman's life following her arrival in Singapore. Sarah, the protagonist of the novel, is accompanying her partner Paul on a business conference. It is increasingly apparent that Sarah's motives for leaving her home town, Adelaide, have more to do with her need to escape than her commitment to Paul. A room in an international hotel offers Sarah the comforts of a cocoon, where signs of previous occupation and ties to the past are erased on a daily basis. But Sarah is obviously dislocated from her surroundings, which are in turn out of step with the external environment: the air-conditioning is freezing; the orchids are plastic and nod in an artificial breeze. In this sterile environment Sarah is troubled by flashbacks of what she has left behind. Sarah begins to emerge from her cocoon, venturing into a big city that, for her, could be anywhere. She recognizes places generic to big cities as well as a few unique landmarks, becoming aware of the continual and universal tensions of progress and the past. In this way the novel becomes a study of the role of memory, ghosts and the absent dead, all of which play a part in informing Sarah's present and her understanding of the future. At the hotel Sarah encounters a group of war ‘pilgrims'. A mother, her son Bradley and an elderly British Army Major are all on a 'pilgrimage', and, in their different ways, all trying to make peace with the past and its insatiable ghosts. As Sarah learns their stories and witnesses the battles they wage, she is forced to challenge her own beliefs about being able to leave traumatic events behind. Her absent mother haunts her on the sun-drenched streets of fast-moving Singapore. A bond begins to form between herself and Bradley who, like Sarah, has been left out-of-whack by a recent calamity. 'Hungry Ghosts' explores several dualities: the claims of the past, both cultural and personal, balanced against the demands of the future; private memories that must be reconciled with the demands of public living and progress; the world of the mind that is dependent on the physical body occupying 'real' space. The novel examines the strangely transitory spaces that people can find themselves in: the liminal areas of grief, travel, dislocation, the unfamiliar. It asks why, in an age of globalisation, the claims of place, and in particular of home, remain so strong. My exegesis, written as three essays, addresses three aspects of my manuscript, ‘Hungry Ghosts’. In the first essay I look at the importance of ‘place’ in my novel, and the different types of ‘places’ I explore. In the second essay I look at how contemporary theories on war commemoration, coupled with my own research and witnessing of ‘actual’ events, have informed my depiction and treatment of the theme of war memory. In my final essay I reflect on the role mourning has played in the development of my manuscript, considering both the challenges it has presented to my narrative and the ways in which it has strengthened it. / Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Adelaide, School of Humanities, 2009

The specificity of fungal isolates from endemic Western Australian orchid species and hybrids in the tribe Diurideae was investigated using symbiotic seed germination and analysis of the fungal DNA by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). The distribution of the fungal isolates in the field was also assessed using two different seed baiting techniques. The information from these investigations is essential for developing protocols for reintroduction and translocation of orchid species. Two groups of orchids in the tribe Diurideae were studied. Firstly, a number of Caladenia species, their natural hybrids and close relatives from the southwest of Western Australia were selected because orchid species from the genus Caladenia are considered to have among the most specific mycorrhizal relationships known in the orchid family – an ideal situation for the investigation of mycorrhizal specificity. Secondly, species of Drakaea and close relatives, from the southwest of Western Australia and elsewhere in Australia, which are never common in nature and occur in highly specialised habitats, were selected to investigate the influence of habitat on specificity. Seed from the common species Caladenia arenicola germinated on fungal isolates from adult plants of both C. arenicola and its rare and endangered relative C. huegelii, while seed from C. huegelii only germinated on its own fungal isolates. The AFLP analysis grouped the fungal isolates into three categories: nonefficaceous fungi, C. huegelii type fungi, and C. arenicola type fungi. The group of C. huegelii type fungi included some fungal isolates from C. arenicola. An analysis of the AFLP fingerprints of C. arenicola fungal isolates from different collection locations showed that some, but not all, populations were genetically distinct, and that one population in particular was very variable. Despite being thought to have very specific mycorrhizal relationships, Caladenia species hybridise frequently and prolifically in nature, often forming self-perpetuating hybrid lineages. Five natural hybrids within Caladenia and its closest relatives were investigated. Symbiotic cross-germination studies of parental and hybrid seed on fungi from the species and the naturally occurring hybrids were compared with AFLP analyses of the fungal isolates to answer the question of which fungi the hybrids use. The germination study found that, while hybrid seeds can utilise the fungi from either parental species under laboratory conditions, it is likely that the natural hybrids in situ utilise the fungus of only one parental species. Supporting these observations, the AFLP analyses indicated that while the parental species always possessed genetically distinct fungal strains, the hybrids may share the mycorrhizal fungus of one parental species or possess a genetically distinct fungal strain which is more closely related to the fungus of one parental species than the other. The work on Caladenia hybrids revealed that C. falcata has a broadly compatible fungus that germinated seeds of C. falcata, the hybrid C. falcata x longicauda, and species with different degrees of taxonomic affinity to C. falcata. In general, germination was greater from species that were more closely related to C. falcata: seeds from Caladenia species generally germinated well on most C. falcata isolates; species from same subtribe (Caladeniinae) germinated well to the stage of trichome development on only some of the fungal isolates and rarely developed further; and seeds from species from different subtribes (Diuridinae, Prasophyllinae, Thelymitrinae) or tribes (Orchideae, Cranichideae) either germinated well to the stage of trichome development but did not develop further, or did not germinate at all. The AFLP analysis of the fungal isolates revealed that the fungi from each location were genetically distinct. In situ seed baiting was used to study the introduction, growth and persistence of orchid mycorrhizal fungi. A mycorrhizal fungus from Caladenia arenicola was introduced to sites within an area from which the orchid and fungus were absent, adjacent to a natural population of C. arenicola. In the first growing season, the fungus grew up to 50 cm from its introduction point, usually persisted over the summer drought into the second season and even into the third season, stimulating germination and growth to tuber formation of the seeds in the baits. Watering the inoculated areas significantly increased seed germination. Mycorrhizal relationships in Drakaeinae were less specific than in Caladeniinae. A study of the species Spiculaea ciliata revealed that this species, when germinated symbiotically, develops very rapidly and has photosynthetic protocorms, unlike all other members of the Drakaeinae. An AFLP analysis of the fungal isolates of this species grouped the isolates according to whether they had been isolated from adult plants or reisolated from protocorms produced in vitro. Isolates were genetically distinct when compared before germination and after reisolation. A cross-species symbiotic germination study of seeds of three Drakaea species and one Paracaleana species against fungal isolates from the same species and several other Drakaeinae species revealed lower specificity in this group than previously thought. A number of fungal isolates from Drakaea and Paracaleana species germinated two or more seed types, while all seed types germinated on fungal isolates from other species and the seed of Drakaea thynniphila germinated to some extent on every fungal isolate tested. An AFLP analysis of the Drakaeinae fungal isolates supported this information, revealing little genetic differentiation between the fungi of different orchid species. An ex situ seed baiting technique was used to examine the role of mycorrhizal fungi in microniche specialisation in the narrow endemic Drakaea. Soil samples from within and outside two Drakaea populations were tested for germination of the relevant seed types. In both cases, germination was significantly higher on soil samples from within than outside the populations, suggesting that the relevant mycorrhizal fungi may be restricted to the same microniches as the Drakaea species. The presence of similar fungi at distant, disjunct locations may be related to the extreme age and geological stabilityof the Western Australian landscape. The information from these investigations is essential for developing protocols for reintroduction and translocation of orchid species. It appears that the mycorrhizal relationships in these groups of orchids are not as specific as was previously thought. For reintroduction work, a broad sampling strategy is necessary, as it cannot be assumed that the same orchid species has the same fungus at different locations. A broadly compatible fungus may be of considerable utility in conservation work, such as in situations where a specific fungus appears to have poor saprophytic competence or where soil conditions have been altered. Seed baiting studies provide additional data on fungal distribution in situ. In general, molecular data do not provide information about efficacy or fungal distribution, so research programs that combine symbiotic germination studies with seed baiting investigations and genetic analyses of the fungi will provide the maximum benefit for designing more effective conservation programs.

Methods of increasing the number, diversity and evenness of plant species establishing in species-rich meadows created or enhanced with green hay from a semi-natural source meadow were studied. Three experiments were conducted on grasslands in Birmingham and Herefordshire: (i) Comparisons of species and community transfer resulting from green hay being strewn in consecutive years onto a glyphosated receiver meadow. (ii) The effect on species-richness of introducing green hay into a species-rich created meadow. (iii) The effect of different levels of disturbance in combination with grazing on the introduction of species into an existing created species-rich meadow. Strewing hay twice resulted in vegetation containing more species and species with higher frequencies compared with haying once. Hay strewing increased the number of species in an existing species-rich sward and also increased the frequency and abundance of existing species. Source species frequency, flowering/seed set date and established life strategy had an important influence on species transfer. In general, species that did not transfer were those found at low frequencies in MG5 Cynosurus cristatus – Centaurea nigra community meadows and with stress-tolerance as part of their life strategy. There was a statistically significant three-way interaction between haying, grazing and disturbance. As several terrestrial orchid species are associated with this habitat type, techniques and media for axenic seed germination and propagation of a selected local MG5 meadow orchid species (Dactylorhiza fuchsii) were assessed. Comparisons were made of two media types in combination with mycorrhizae and a source of complex carbohydrates. Of these, oats medium with fungi produced significantly higher germination rates than other tested media. Oats medium also proved the most suitable medium for protocorms when replated, producing the greatest increase in protocorm length compared with Western medium after 15 weeks of growth.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-06-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:33:27Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 galdianojunior_rf_me_jabo.pdf: 690122 bytes, checksum: 501da9f097d5b39bf9010fb96e017d11 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A rizosfera favorece a colonização radicular por rizobactérias promotoras do crescimento de plantas (RPCPs), as quais podem oferecer importantes benefícios para a hospedeira. Este estudo teve o objetivo de isolar e identificar bactérias produtoras de auxinas das espécies Cattleya walkeriana, Cyrtopodium paludicolum, Ionopsis utricularioides, Oeceoclades maculata, Phalaenopsis amabilis e Vanilla planifolia e avaliar a inoculação de sementes e plântulas da orquídea brasileira Cattleya walkeriana. Ao total, foram isolados 85 bactérias, 67 delas produtoras de auxinas (quantificados por ensaios colorimétrico e detectados por CLAE) e 26 foram identificadas pelo sequenciamento parcial do gene 16S rRNA. Seis isolados produtores de auxinas foram inoculados em bioensaios. Para a inoculação in vitro, sementes foram inoculadas com os isolados Burkholderia RzW32, Enterobacter Endw37, Curtobacterium Endw57, Bacilllus EndW60 e testemunha representada por água destilada autoclavada em meio nutritivo Knudson-C e mantidas em câmara de incubação com luminosidade e temperatura controladas. Após 120 dias, a germinação do tratamento controle apresentou-se bem desenvolvida, ao contrário de sementes dos tratamentos inoculados. No experimento de bacterização ex vitro, plântulas germinadas em cultivo assimbiótico in vitro foram inoculadas com os isolados Burkholderia RzW32, Curtobacterium RzW35, Enterobacter EndW37, Bacillus EndW48 e testemunha. Após 90 dias de cultivo em condições de casa de vegetação, foram avaliados porcentagem de sobrevivência, área foliar, número de raízes, comprimento das raízes, massa de matéria seca da parte radicular e da parte aérea, índice de aumento da área foliar e índice de aumento da massa seca total. Curtobacterium sp. e Burkholderia sp. proporcionaram a menor eficiência para o crescimento enquanto... / The rhizosphere promotes root colonization by Plant growthpromoting rizobacteria (PGPR), which may offer significant benefits to the host . This study aimed to isolate and identify auxin-producing bacteria of the species Cattleya walkeriana, Cyrtopodium paludicolum, Ionopsis utricularioides, Oeceoclades maculata, Phalaenopsis amabilis and Vanilla planifolia, and evaluate seeds and seedlings innoculation of the Brazilian orchid Cattleya walkeriana. In total, 85 bacteria were isolated, 67 of them produce auxins (quantified by colorimetric assays and detected by HPLC) and 26 were identified by partial sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. Six-producing isolates were inoculated in auxin bioassays. For in vitro inoculation, seeds were inoculated with isolates Burkholderia RzW32, Enterobacter Endw37, Curtobacterium Endw57, Bacilllus EndW60 and control represented by distilled autoclaved water in nutrient medium Knudson-C and kept in an incubation chamber with controlled temperature and luminosity. After 120 days, the germination of the control treatment presented was well developed, unlike seeds of inoculated treatments. In the experiment of bacterization ex vitro, asymbiotic in vitro germinated seedlings were inoculated with isolates Burkholderia RzW32, Curtobacterium RzW35, Enterobacter EndW37, Bacillus EndW48 and control. After 90 days of cultivation in a greenhouse, were evaluated for survival percentage, leaf area, number of roots, root length, dry matter of the root and shoot, rate of increase in leaf area index and increase in total dry mass. Curtobacterium sp. RzW35 and Burkholderia sp. RzW32 provided the lowest efficiency for growth while Bacillus sp. EndW48 and Enterobacter sp. EndW37 to encourage growth in all parameters investigated and may be recommended for growth and survival during ex vitro acclimatization of seedlings of Cattleya walkeriana.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-04-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:25:24Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 gimenes_r_dr_jabo.pdf: 1905322 bytes, checksum: 311e2450a860a56f3629aaab5cb74493 (MD5) / As plantas da família Orchidaceae são muito apreciadas pelo potencial ornamental, ecológico e econômico. O domínio de técnicas para a domesticação e propagação em massa das espécies é extremamente importante, visto que possibilita diminuir a coleta predatória, além de reduzir o custo de produção das plantas. O cultivo in vitro é uma técnica que permite produzir grande número de plantas; entretanto, ocorrem muitas perdas durante o período de aclimatização (ex vitro). O retardante de crescimento paclobutazol (PBZ) atua como inibidor de giberelinas, diminuindo a parte aérea das plantas, promovendo engrossamento nas raízes e aumentando a resistência a estresses, características estas relevantes para aclimatização de mudas com sucesso, contribuindo para altas taxas de sobrevivência. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o efeito da suplementação do meio de cultura Murashige e Skoog com PBZ, no crescimento e desenvolvimento in vitro, e na aclimatização de plantas de Zygopetalum crinitum e Cattleya schilleriana, visando aumentar a taxa de sobrevivência ex vitro. O delineamento experimental (in vitro e ex vitro) foi inteiramente casualisado, com quatro tratamentos (três concentrações de paclobutrazol: 0,5; 1,0; 1,5 mg L-1 e controle); na fase in vitro foram 5 repetições com 5 plântulas/parcela, e na fase ex vitro, 5 repetições com 15 plântulas/parcela. A suplementação do meio de cultivo com PBZ promoveu em plântulas de Z. crinitum redução no comprimento da parte aérea e do sistema radicular, e engrossamento das raízes durante a fase in vitro; na fase ex-vitro, verificou-se engrossamento das raízes, redução no comprimento e na massa de matéria seca da parte aérea. As alterações morfofisiológicas promovidas nas plântulas pela aplicação de PBZ não implicaram melhores taxas de sobrevivência... / The plants from Orchidaceae family are very much appreciated by their ornamental, ecologic and economic potential. The mastery of domestication techniques and mass propagation of the species is extremely important since it would decrease the predatory collecting and also reducing the production cost of the seedlings. The in vitro cultivation is a technique that allows the production in large scale; however, the losses during the acclimatization process (ex vitro) can be considerable. The growth retardant paclobutrazol (PBZ) act as gibberellin synthesis inhibitor, reducing the growth of the aerial part and promoting root thickening of the plants, which may increase their resistance to stress conditions; and also being considered good characteristics for plant survival in the acclimatization phase. This work has aimed to study the effect of PBZ supplementation on Murashige and Skoog culture media in the growth and development in in vitro and acclimatization process of Zygopetalum crinitum and Cattleya schilleriana, aiming to increase the survival rate. The experimental design (in vitro and ex vitro) was totally randomized, with four treatments (three paclobutrazol doses: 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, mg L-1 and a control); in the in vitro phase were performed 5 replications with 5 seedlings per plot and in the ex vitro one, 5 replications with 15 seedlings per plot. The paclobutrazol supplementation promoted, for Z. crinitum seedlings, reduction in aerial part and root length and root thickening in the in vitro process; in the ex vitro phase, it was observed root thickening and reduction in length and dry mass of the aerial part. The morphophysiological changes in the seedlings due to the PBZ application did not cause an increase in survival rates for this orchid. For C. schilleriana seedlings, the PBZ promoted root thickening in vitro; and in the acclimatization... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-11-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:18:17Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ichinose_jgs_me_jabo.pdf: 457256 bytes, checksum: fb61f5d3094f0c5220d65828fb2e441d (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Orquídeas estão entre as plantas mais distribuídas pelo mundo e mais cultivadas, sendo muito apreciadas por sua diversidade de cores e formas. Entretanto, estudos acerca de desenvolvimento e nutrição deste grupo de plantas são incipientes. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o desenvolvimento e o acúmulo de nutrientes de 2 espécies de orquídeas cultivadas em condições de ambiente protegido, em vaso: i) Dendrobium nobile Lindl, ii) Miltonia flavescens Lindl. var. stellata Regel. As plantas foram adubadas semanalmente com 100 mL da solução nutritiva de Sarruge a 75% da concentração. Foi coletada mensalmente, durante 12 meses, de forma aleatória, 1 planta/repetição (totalizando 4). Estas foram avaliadas quanto ao número de folhas, área foliar, número, comprimento e diâmetro de pseudobulbos, número de brotos. Depois de lavadas e secas, determinaram-se a massa de matéria seca e os nutrientes nas diferentes partes. Até a fase do florescimento (240 DAPA), ambas as espécies já haviam acumulado mais de 50% do total de matéria seca verificado ao final das avaliações. A ordem de absorção e a quantidade de nutrientes absorvidos, ao final do ensaio foram: i) Dendrobium – macronutrientes, em mg planta-1, K (701,07) > N (339,44) > Ca (289,03) > Mg (135,44) > P (118,83) > S (23,56); micronutrientes, em Vg planta-1, Fe (14122,35) > Zn (5277,82) >Mn (3216,87) > B (1253,02) > Cu (271,25). ii) Miltonia – macronutrientes, em mg planta-1, K (316,93) > Ca (177,55) > N (143,48) > Mg (72,23) > P (66,65) > S (8,83); micronutrientes, em Vg planta-1, Fe (8939,8) > Zn (4938,1) > Mn (2571,7) > B (802,26) > Cu (208,96). / Orchids are among the plants more distributed throughout the world and more cultivated. They are very appreciated for their diversity of colors and forms. However, studies concerning the development and nutrition of this group of plants are incipient. This work had as objective to study the development and the accumulation of nutrients of 2 species of orchids, cultivated in conditions of greenhouse, in vase: i) Miltonia flavescens Lindl. var. stellata Regel; ii) Dendrobium nobile Lindl.. The plants were weekly fertilized with 100 mL of the nutritive solution of Sarruge at 75% of concentration. It was collected monthly, for 12 months, in a random way, 1 plant/repetition (totalizing 4). The number of leaves; the leaf area; number, length and diameter of pseudobulbs and the number of sprouts were evaluated. After washing and drying the plants, the mass of dry matter and the nutrients in the different parts were determined. Until the period of the flowering (240 DAPA), both species had already accumulated more than 50% of the total dry matter verified at the end of the evaluations. The absorption order and the amount of absorbed nutrients, at the end of the experiment were: i) Dendrobium – macronutrients, in mg plant-1 K (701.07)> N (339.44)> Ca (289.03)> Mg (135.44)> P (118.83)> S (23.56); micronutrients, Vg plant-1, Fe (14122.35)> Zn (5277.82)> Mn (3216.87)> B (1253.02)> Cu (271.25). ii) Miltonia – macronutrients, in mg plant-1, K (316.93)> Ca (177.55)> N (143.48)> Mg (72.23)> P (66.65)> S (8.83); micronutrients, Vg plant-1, Fe (8939.8)> Zn (4938.1)> Mn (2571.7)> B (802.26)> Cu (208.96).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-07-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:49:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 cardoso_jc_me_botib.pdf: 421723 bytes, checksum: 51ebaa6f2cfd2bf8c3ed2671193e7ab1 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / A realização do trabalho objetivou desenvolver uma técnica comercial de aplicação do ácido giberélico via pulverização foliar para o controle da floração de orquídeas Phalaenopsis, Cattleya e Brassocattleya, além da redução do tempo para a primeira florada em Phalaenopsis, fatores limitantes no cultivo. Os experimentos foram realizados no Setor de Biotecnologia e Orquidicultura da Fundação Shunji Nishimura de Tecnologia, Pompéia-SP. Foram conduzidos três experimentos. Como híbridos foram utilizados Cattleya Ireni Holguim, Brassocattleya Marcela Koss, Phalaenopsis FSNT Snow F1 e Phalaenopsis FSNT Dai-Itigô. Para C. Ireni Holguim e Bc. Marcela Koss testaram-se 4 concentrações de GA3 (125, 250, 500 e 1.000 mg L-1) em 4 aplicações com intervalos de 7 dias via pulverização foliar, nos meses de Outubro/Novembro para Bc. Marcela Koss e Janeiro/Fevereiro para C. Ireni Holguim, em plantas adultas, além de 2 condições hídricas (sem e com estresse hídrico). Não foi possível induzir a floração em Cattleya Ireni Holguim com o uso de GA3. Para Bc. Marcela Koss, a associação da aplicação de 250 mg L-1 de GA3 e a colocação das plantas em condições de estresse hídrico induziu cerca de 83% das plantas a florescerem fora da época normal de florescimento. Na mesma concentração de GA3, porém em condições normais de irrigação, apenas 17% das plantas foram induzidas a florescer. O número e o tamanho das flores aumentaram com o aumento das concentrações de GA3 utilizadas no experimento. Também se testou a utilização do ácido giberélico (GA3) na indução floral fora de época e qualidade do florescimento de orquídeas adultas de Phalaenopsis FSNT Snow F1, híbrido de coloração branca. Foram realizadas duas e 4 aplicações de GA3, a intervalos de 7 dias nos meses de Novembro/Dezembro. O melhor resultado... / The objective of this works was to develop a commercial technique to control blooming in orchids, via the use of foliar sprays with gibberellic acid in Phalaenopsis, Cattleya, and Brassocattleya orchids, in addition to reducing the time required for the first blooming in Phalaenopsis, which are factors that restrict growth. It was conducted three works. The influence of gibberellic acid and water stress on the induction and quality of flowering was tested in two hybrid genera of orchids, Cattleya and Brassocattleya. The experiment was conducted at the Biotechnology and Orchidculture Sector of the Shunji Nishimura Technology Foundation, in Pompéia, SP. As hybrids was use Cattleya Ireni Holguim, Brassocattleya Marcela Koss, Phalaenopsis FSNT Snow F1 and Phalaenopsis FSNT Dai-Itigô. In C. Ireni Holguim and Bc. Marcela Koss, four GA3 concentrations (125, 250, 500, and 1,000 mg L-1) were tested in four applications at 7 day- intervals by foliar sprays on adult plants, in addition to two humidity conditions (with or without water stress). Applications were made in October/November in Bc. Marcela Koss and January/February in C. Ireni Holguim. It was not possible to induce flowering in Cattleya Ireni Holguim with gibberellic acid. In Brassocattleya Marcela Koss, the association between 250 mg L-1 GA3 and plants grown under water stress conditions induced blooming in 83% of plants treated under adverse conditions. At the same GA3 concentration, but without water stress, only 17% of the treated plants bloomed. The number and size of flowers increased as GA3 concentration increased. Another objective of this work was to test the use of GA3 to induce off-season flowering and improve blooming quality in adult Phalaenopsis FSNT Snow F1. Four GA3 concentrations (125, 250, 500, and 1,000 mg L-1) in 2 and 4 applications (at 7-day intervals) were tested. Spray applications were ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Submitted by Katiane Souza (katyane.souza@gmail.com) on 2016-04-05T01:01:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1072655 bytes, checksum: 61c6f40c3be5506e28f8e68a8188f57a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-05T01:01:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1072655 bytes, checksum: 61c6f40c3be5506e28f8e68a8188f57a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The composition and structure of the orchids populations in three inselbergs of the Paraíba State, Brazil, been analyzed. Floristics survey plants been collected fertile, between April of 2002 and July of 2003, whose samples been incorporated the Herbarium Jayme Coelho de Moraes (EAN), Centro de Ciências Agrárias/UFPB, and for phytossociology survey the parcels fixed method was used (ten parcels of 10x10 m), randoming distributed in inselbergs. Registered seven genus and nine species. Cyrtopodium polyphyllum (Vell.) ex Pabst. F. Barros it presented the number biggest of individuals (923), followed of Prescottia phleoides Lindl. (564) and Epidendrum cinnabarinum Jacq. (449), while the too much species less than 350 individuals each. Cyrtopodium polyphyllum, Epidendrum cinnabarinum and Prescottia phleoides had occurred in three studied environments, while Epidendrum secundum Jacq., Habenaria obtusa Lindl. and Pleurothallis ochreata Lindl., occurred in two and Brassovola tuberculata Hook., Cyrtopodium intermedium Brade and Encyclia longifolia Schlechter, only one. The species with better distribution was E. cinnabarinum, occurring 24 parcels (FRi = 21.43%). Registered five types of microhabitats, which type depressions in the rock presented higher diversity and the poor monocots mats. The high phytodiversity in the orchids flora occurred in inselbergs of Fagundes, followed of Esperança and Serraria and seems influenced to the outcrop size or situation of the inselbergs along a steep macroclimatical gradient. A comparison between orchids flora inselbergs of the South America confirmed that the outcrops Brazilian are presented distinct floristics, exactly when located geographically next. This fact also was evidenced for studied outcrops in the Pernambuco and Paraíba States, northeast region of Brazil. / Foram analisadas a composição e a estrutura das populações de orquídeas em três inselbergues do Estado da Paraíba, Brasil. Para o levantamento florístico foram coletadas plantas férteis, entre abril de 2002 e julho de 2003, cujas amostras foram incorporadas ao Herbário Jayme Coelho de Moraes (EAN), Centro de Ciências Agrárias/UFPB, e para o levantamento fitossociológico foi utilizado o método de parcelas fixas (dez parcelas de 10x10 m), distribuídas aleatoriamente nos inselbergues. Foram registrados, no total, 1029 indivíduos em Esperança, 957 em Serraria e 840 em Fagundes, pertencentes a sete gêneros e nove espécies. Cyrtopodium polyphyllum (Vell.) Pabst ex. F. Barros apresentou o maior número de indivíduos (923), seguido de Prescottia phleoides Lindl. (564) e Epidendrum cinnabarinum Jacq. (449), enquanto as demais espécies tiveram menos que 350 indivíduos cada. Cyrtopodium polyphyllum, Epidendrum cinnabarinum e Prescottia phleoides ocorreram nos três ambientes estudados, enquanto Epidendrum secundum Jacq., Habenaria obtusa Lindl. e Pleurothallis ochreata Lindl., ocorreram em dois e Brassovola tuberculata Hook., Cyrtopodium intermedium Brade e Encyclia longifolia Schlechter, em apenas um. A espécie com melhor distribuição foi E. cinnabarinum, ocorrendo em 24 parcelas (FRi = 21,43%). Registrou-se cinco tipos de microhabitats, dos quais o tipo depressões na rocha apresentou maior riqueza e o tapete de vegetação foi o mais pobre. A maior diversidade na flora de orquídeas ocorreu no inselbergue de Fagundes, seguido de Esperança e Serraria e parece relacionada ao tamanho do afloramento. Uma comparação da flora de orquídeas entre os inselbergues da América do Sul confirmou que os afloramentos brasileiros apresentam-se floristicamente distintos, mesmo quando localizados geograficamente próximos. Este fato também foi evidenciado para afloramentos estudados nos Estados de Pernambuco e da Paraíba, região nordeste do Brasil.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:53:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 505430 bytes, checksum: abc94f889f785712de8e0cd84490edc4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-07-28 / The orchid family has about 30,000 species spread throughout most of the globe. Among the orchids, the group of Cattleya has great importance in the world flower market. One of the main forms of production of these plants is the in vitro assymbiotic seeding. Many have been the culture media used for sowing and growing orchids, however, these methods do not seem to fully supply the nutritional requirements of plants. There is, therefore, great interest in developing new culture media with nutritional composition that supplies properly the demand of the culture during the growing period promoting the production of tissues and the morphogenic response wanted. That was the aim of this work. To adjust the nutrient concentrations in the culture medium suitable for the growth of cattleya seedlings were considered the reference content in their tissues, the dry matter yield production, the volume of culture medium per vial and recovery rates of the nutrients by this culture. This medium was called the medium Supply (S). To compare this medium with others, Cattleya walkeriana protocorms were cultured for 51, 94, 139 and 190 d in MS medium, B5, B & G ( 3 g L-1 of fertilizer Orchidées B&G®), Peters (3 g L-1 of fertilizer Peters® 10-30-20) and S, and tested different concentrations of salts of the latter (0.55, 0.73, 1.00 and 1.45 as the concentration of salts). The medium S, proposed in this work, offered the optimum nutrient supply for the production of seedlings of Cattleya walkeriana when compared with other media. The concentration that provided maximum production of complete seedling was 1.125 time the original concentration of salts of the medium S. The media containing higher concentrations of N and lower P led to the rise in the levels of N and P (TN/TP) in tissue culture, which correlated positively with the ratio of dry matter yield of corn and total. High ratio TN/TP induced reduction in the production of roots. The relationship between the production of roots and leaves increased when the concentration of nutrients in the medium was reduced, because of the consumption of the culture or by reducing the concentration of salt in the medium S. / A família orquidácea possui cerca de 30.000 espécies espalhadas por quase todo o globo terrestre. Dentre as orquídeas, o grupo das catléias tem grande importância no mercado mundial de flores. Uma das principais formas de produção dessas plantas é o semeio assimbiótico in vitro. Muitos têm sido os meios de cultura utilizados para o semeio e crescimento de orquídeas; no entanto, esses meios parecem não suprir totalmente as exigências nutricionais das plantas. Há, portanto, grande interesse em se desenvolverem novos meios de cultura com composição nutricional que supra adequadamente, durante o período de cultivo, a demanda da cultura, promovendo produção de tecidos e resposta morfogênica deseja. O que constituiu o objetivo deste trabalho. Para ajustar as concentrações dos nutrientes do meio de cultura adequado para o crescimento de plântulas de catléia foram considerados os teores de referência em seus tecidos, a produção de matéria seca, o volume de meio de cultura por frasco e as taxas de recuperação dos nutrientes por essa cultura. Este meio foi denominado de meio Suprimento (S). Para a comparação desse meio de cultura com outros, protocormos de Cattleya walkeriana foram cultivados, durante 51, 94, 139 e 190 d, nos meios MS, B5, B&G (3 g L-1 do fertilizante B&G Orchidées®), Peters (3 g L-1 do fertilizante Peters® 10-30-20) e S, sendo testadas diferentes concentrações dos sais deste último (0,55; 0,73; 1,00 e 1,45 vez a concentração dos sais). O meio S, proposto neste trabalho, ofereceu a melhor condição de suprimento nutricional para a produção de plântulas de Cattleya walkeriana quando comparado com os demais meios. A concentração que proporcionou a máxima produção de plântulas completas foi de 1,125 vez a concentração original de sais do meio S. Os meios contendo maiores concentrações de N e menores de P levaram ao aumento na relação entre os teores de N e P (TN/TP) nos tecidos da cultura, a qual apresentou elevada correlação positiva com a relação entre a produção de matéria seca de calo e total. Alta relação TN/TP induziu a redução na produção de raízes. A relação entre a produção de raízes e folhas aumentou quando a concentração dos nutrientes no meio foi reduzida, seja pelo consumo da cultura ou pela redução na concentração dos sais no meio S.

Orientador: Kathia Fernandes Lopes Pivetta / Coorientador: Ricardo Tadeu de Faria / Coorientador: Wagner Aparecido Vendrame / Banca: Maria Esmeralda Soares Payão Demattê / Banca: Marcelo Vieira Ferraz / Banca: Claudia Machado Fabrino Mattiuz / Banca: Gisele Sales Batista / Resumo: As plantas da família Orchidaceae são muito apreciadas pelo potencial ornamental, ecológico e econômico. O domínio de técnicas para a domesticação e propagação em massa das espécies é extremamente importante, visto que possibilita diminuir a coleta predatória, além de reduzir o custo de produção das plantas. O cultivo in vitro é uma técnica que permite produzir grande número de plantas; entretanto, ocorrem muitas perdas durante o período de aclimatização (ex vitro). O retardante de crescimento paclobutazol (PBZ) atua como inibidor de giberelinas, diminuindo a parte aérea das plantas, promovendo engrossamento nas raízes e aumentando a resistência a estresses, características estas relevantes para aclimatização de mudas com sucesso, contribuindo para altas taxas de sobrevivência. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o efeito da suplementação do meio de cultura Murashige e Skoog com PBZ, no crescimento e desenvolvimento in vitro, e na aclimatização de plantas de Zygopetalum crinitum e Cattleya schilleriana, visando aumentar a taxa de sobrevivência ex vitro. O delineamento experimental (in vitro e ex vitro) foi inteiramente casualisado, com quatro tratamentos (três concentrações de paclobutrazol: 0,5; 1,0; 1,5 mg L-1 e controle); na fase in vitro foram 5 repetições com 5 plântulas/parcela, e na fase ex vitro, 5 repetições com 15 plântulas/parcela. A suplementação do meio de cultivo com PBZ promoveu em plântulas de Z. crinitum redução no comprimento da parte aérea e do sistema radicular, e engrossamento das raízes durante a fase in vitro; na fase ex-vitro, verificou-se engrossamento das raízes, redução no comprimento e na massa de matéria seca da parte aérea. As alterações morfofisiológicas promovidas nas plântulas pela aplicação de PBZ não implicaram melhores taxas de sobrevivência... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The plants from Orchidaceae family are very much appreciated by their ornamental, ecologic and economic potential. The mastery of domestication techniques and mass propagation of the species is extremely important since it would decrease the predatory collecting and also reducing the production cost of the seedlings. The in vitro cultivation is a technique that allows the production in large scale; however, the losses during the acclimatization process (ex vitro) can be considerable. The growth retardant paclobutrazol (PBZ) act as gibberellin synthesis inhibitor, reducing the growth of the aerial part and promoting root thickening of the plants, which may increase their resistance to stress conditions; and also being considered good characteristics for plant survival in the acclimatization phase. This work has aimed to study the effect of PBZ supplementation on Murashige and Skoog culture media in the growth and development in in vitro and acclimatization process of Zygopetalum crinitum and Cattleya schilleriana, aiming to increase the survival rate. The experimental design (in vitro and ex vitro) was totally randomized, with four treatments (three paclobutrazol doses: 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, mg L-1 and a control); in the in vitro phase were performed 5 replications with 5 seedlings per plot and in the ex vitro one, 5 replications with 15 seedlings per plot. The paclobutrazol supplementation promoted, for Z. crinitum seedlings, reduction in aerial part and root length and root thickening in the in vitro process; in the ex vitro phase, it was observed root thickening and reduction in length and dry mass of the aerial part. The morphophysiological changes in the seedlings due to the PBZ application did not cause an increase in survival rates for this orchid. For C. schilleriana seedlings, the PBZ promoted root thickening in vitro; and in the acclimatization... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor