Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:58:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007 - Ilzo Artur Moreira Risso.pdf: 896818 bytes, checksum: 56fd3f7023096dc481dfe565208e7ae7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-17 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The study was conducted in the Experimental Field of Embrapa Agrobiologia in Serop?dica, state of Rio de Janeiro, with the objectives: (a) evaluate different spatial arrangements of corn in monoculture or syndication with legumes, as the production of grains and nutrient intake of green incorporated biomass accumulated in the soil; (b) assess the residual effect of biomass built on the agronomic performance of sweet potato grown in succession. The treatments for the pre-cultivation were: corn sown in rows of individual spaced 1.0 m between them and double spaced rows of 1.5 m, with 0.5 m between each component; monoculture of corn with or without additional organic fertilizer of coverage (50 kg ha-1 total N in the form of "bed" of chicken), in consortium with corn Crotalaria juncea submitted to cut single or two cuts over the cycle, and corn in consortium with Mucuna pruriens. The crops were conducted in the body system, adopting to block randomized experimental design, involving the 10 treatments arranged in split plots, with four repetitions. Computaram is the biomass of the shoots of each species, as well as the productivity of corn grain in dry and sweet potato tubers of a commercial pattern. The management of Crotalaria juncea through cutting provided only increase the production of corn, compared to the monoculture without fertilization of coverage. Already the cuts parcelados of Crotalaria juncea undermined the productive performance of corn, but resulted in higher intake of biomass to the system. The sowing of Mucuna pruriens, 40 days after planting corn, did not affect the performance of the cereal. The productivity of corn was not influenced by the spatial arrangements evaluated. The performance of the sweet potato has no influence of any of the treatments related to pre-cultivation, production reaching above state and national averages disclosed. The inclusion of legumes green manure, via consortium with corn, is considered a viable option for its ability to provide significant input of organic matter, produced in situ, containing significant amounts of nutrients, especially nitrogen, with the potential to bring benefits in the medium deadline for subsequent commercial crops. / O estudo foi realizado no Campo Experimental da Embrapa Agrobiologia, em Serop?dica, estado do Rio de Janeiro, tendo por objetivos: (a) avaliar diferentes arranjos espaciais de milho, em monocultivo ou consorciado com leguminosas, quanto ? produ??o de gr?os e aporte de nutrientes acumulados na biomassa verde incorporada ao solo; e (b) avaliar o efeito residual dessa biomassa incorporada sobre o desempenho agron?mico da batata-doce cultivada em sucess?o. Os tratamentos relativos ao pr?-cultivo foram: milho semeado em fileiras individuais espa?adas de 1,0 m entre si e em fileiras duplas espa?adas de 1,5 m, com 0,5m entre cada componente; monocultivo do milho com ou sem aduba??o org?nica suplementar de cobertura (50 kg ha-1 de N total, na forma de cama de frango), milho em cons?rcio com Crotalaria juncea (crotal?ria) submetida a corte ?nico ou a dois cortes durante o ciclo, e milho em cons?rcio com Mucuna pruriens (mucuna cinza). As culturas foram conduzidas no sistema org?nico, adotando-se delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, envolvendo os 10 tratamentos dispostos em parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repeti??es. Computaram-se as biomassas da parte a?rea de cada esp?cie, assim como a produtividade do milho em gr?os secos e da batata-doce em tub?rculos de padr?o comercial. O manejo da crotal?ria por meio de corte ?nico proporcionou aumento na produ??o do milho, em compara??o ao monocultivo sem aduba??o de cobertura. J? os cortes parcelados da crotal?ria prejudicaram o desempenho produtivo do milho, por?m resultaram em aporte superior de biomassa ao sistema. A semeadura da mucuna cinza, 40 dias ap?s o plantio do milho, n?o afetou o desempenho do cereal. A produtividade do milho tamb?m n?o foi influenciada pelos arranjos espaciais avaliados. O desempenho da batata-doce n?o sofreu influ?ncia de qualquer dos tratamentos relacionados ao pre-cultivo, alcan?ando produ??o acima das m?dias estadual e nacional divulgadas. A inclus?o das leguminosas para aduba??o verde, via cons?rcio com o milho, ? considerada uma op??o vi?vel por sua capacidade em prover expressivo aporte de mat?ria org?nica, produzida in situ, contendo significante quantidade de nutrientes, especialmente nitrog?nio, com potencial de trazer benef?cios no m?dio prazo para subsequentes culturas comerciais.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-07-26T13:23:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009- Antonio de Almeida Nobre J?nior.pdf: 2865771 bytes, checksum: bda025e5b2921d64be5cbf150b49f701 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-26T13:23:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009- Antonio de Almeida Nobre J?nior.pdf: 2865771 bytes, checksum: bda025e5b2921d64be5cbf150b49f701 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-14 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior-CAPES / The historical rebuilding of the organic horticulture, in the Fluminense Highland Region, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, particularly in the counties of Petr?polis and S?o Jos? do Vale do Rio Preto, aimed to bring together elements capable to explain some phenomena relating to development of the local agroecosystems, from consultation to documents and interviews with farmers and other persons chosen because of personal and professional experience in the organic movement. Most of the production units certified by the Biological Farmers Association of the State of Rio de Janeiro (ABIO) it develops the organic horticulture, about 180 producers, in properties of four hectares, on average, mainly in the counties of Petr?polis and Nova Friburgo, while to smallest amount of producers in the county of S?o Jos? do Vale do Rio Preto. The organization of the productive chain must consider that the organic horticulture is a diversified activity, small-scale, low value added, carried out by family farmers widely distributed in the territory. This requires complex logistics of production, processing, marketing, transportation and distribution. The process of management of the organic production has been presenting progresses and retreats in the search of collective solutions. In 1979, the manifest ?Food without poison' was published. In 1980, the first point of sale of organic products appears. In 1981, the Consumers Cooperative Association of Environmental Harmony ? Coonatura - it structures a nucleus for the production of ecological foods, in the county of Petr?polis. In 1984, the Letter of Petr?polis was elaborated, during the II Brazilian Encounter of Alternative Agriculture. In 1985, ABIO was founded, in the city of Nova Friburgo. In 1986, Coonatura enlarges the organic production. The associative system of conversion of the conventional production systems to organic management was based on the co-leasing of the land, manure supply, seeds, payment of daily rates, overtime and commission on production for farmers, who were advised by an own body of technical assistance. The Eco-92 was important to articulation of the organic movement. In 1993, Coonatura counted on 2800 associated consumers, central marketing and supply of home delivery service. In 1994, Coonatura and ABIO created the Ecological Fair of Gloria. In 1999, the Association of Organic Producers of Black River Valley was created, that it started to sell organic products with own mark in supermarkets. Thus, the organization of the system of production and marketing of organic vegetables grown by only a point of sale (1980), passing for a structure with several points (1993), specialized fairs (1994) and service demand through the commercialization in supermarkets (2000). The organic movement, particularly the horticulture, has been learning and taught some lessons: institutions managed by idealistic people need of technical assistance, continuous training (formal and informal) is central, new productive and institutional arrangements of solidary character must be developed and strengthened partnerships. The history of organic horticulture has roots in associationism between producers and consumers, which has enable the improvement of the family farmers' quality of life, in the Fluminense Highland Region of the Rio de Janeiro State. / A reconstitui??o hist?rica da olericultura org?nica na regi?o Serrana Fluminense, particularmente nos munic?pios de Petr?polis e S?o Jos? do Vale do Rio Preto, visou a reunir elementos capazes de explicar alguns fen?menos relativos ? evolu??o dos agroecossistemas locais, a partir da consulta de documentos e entrevistas com agricultores e outras pessoas escolhidas em virtude da experi?ncia profissional e pessoal no movimento org?nico. A maioria das unidades de produ??o certificadas pela Associa??o de Agricultores Biol?gicos do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (ABIO) desenvolve a olericultura org?nica, cerca de 180 produtores, em im?veis de quatro hectares, em m?dia, principalmente nos n?cleos do Brejal (munic?pio de Petr?polis) e Nova Friburgo, enquanto que a menor quantidade de produtores encontra-se no munic?pio de S?o Jos? do Vale do Rio Preto. A organiza??o da cadeia produtiva deve considerar que a olericultura org?nica ? uma atividade diversificada, em pequena escala, de baixo valor agregado, exercida principalmente por agricultores familiares amplamente distribu?dos no territ?rio. Isto exige complexa log?stica de produ??o, processamento, comercializa??o, transporte e distribui??o. Neste sentido, o processo de gest?o da produ??o org?nica fluminense tem apresentado avan?os e retrocessos na busca de solu??es coletivas. Em 1979, foi publicado o manifesto ?Comida sem veneno?. Em 1980, surge o primeiro ponto de venda de produtos org?nicos. Em 1981, a Cooperativa de Consumidores da Associa??o Harmonia Ambiental ? Coonatura ? estrutura um n?cleo de produ??o de alimentos ecol?gicos, na localidade do Brejal, distrito de Posse, no munic?pio de Petr?polis. Em 1984, foi elaborada a Carta de Petr?polis, durante o II Encontro Brasileiro de Agricultura Alternativa. Em 1985, foi fundada a ABIO, em Nova Friburgo. Em 1986, a Coonatura amplia os n?cleos de produ??o. O sistema associativo de convers?o dos sistemas de produ??o convencionais para o manejo org?nico baseava-se no co-arrendamento, fornecimento de esterco, sementes, pagamento de di?rias, horas-extras e comiss?o por produ??o para os agricultores, que eram assessorados por um corpo pr?prio de assist?ncia t?cnica e extens?o rural. A Eco-92 foi um marco para articula??o do movimento org?nico. Em 1993, a Coonatura contava com 2800 consumidores associados, central de comercializa??o e fornecimento do servi?o de entrega domiciliar. Em 1994, a Coonatura e ABIO criaram a Feira Ecol?gica da Gl?ria. Em 1999, foi criada a Associa??o de Produtores Org?nicos do Vale do Rio Preto, que passou a comercializar produtos da marca Horta Org?nica, em supermercados. Desta forma, a organiza??o do sistema de produ??o e comercializa??o de oler?colas org?nicas evoluiu de apenas um ponto de venda (1980), passando para uma estrutura com diversos pontos (1993), feiras especializadas (1994) e atendimento da demanda por meio da comercializa??o em supermercados (2000). O movimento org?nico, particularmente a olericultura, tem aprendido e ensinado algumas li??es: institui??es gerenciadas por pessoas idealistas precisam de assessorias t?cnicas; a capacita??o continuada (formal e informal) ? fundamental; novos arranjos produtivos e institucionais de car?ter solid?rio precisam ser desenvolvidos e o associativismo fortalecido. A hist?ria da olericultura org?nica tem ra?zes no associativismo entre produtores e consumidores, o que tem possibilitado a melhoria da qualidade de vida dos agricultores familiares, na Regi?o Serrana Fluminense.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T13:55:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ocineia Marcia Andrade Santiago.pdf: 1877630 bytes, checksum: 50437339a6a47111134b244dfc0cbe46 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study aimed to characterize the supply chain of organic vegetables in Manaus, Amazonas, formulating sustainability indicators for the production of vegetables by analyzing the degree of sustainability of organic vegetables production and evaluating theorganicmarketing vegetables compared with the non-organic vegetables. The production of organic vegetables in Manaus is incipient, production systems are in pursuit of sustainability and marketing is still small, however, there is already a trust between producers/retailers and consumers, and these are willing to pay a higher price for organic products. / O presente trabalho objetivou caracterizar a cadeia produtiva de hortaliças orgânicas no município de Manaus, Amazonas, formulando indicadores de sustentabilidade para a produção de hortaliças, analisando o grau de sustentabilidade dos sistemas de produção de hortaliças orgânicas e avaliando a comercialização das hortaliças orgânicas em comparação com as hortaliças não orgânicas. A produção de hortaliças orgânicas em Manaus é incipiente, os sistemas de produção estão em busca da sustentabilidade e a comercialização ainda é pequena; no entanto, já existe uma relação de confiança entre produtores/varejistas e consumidores, estando estes dispostos a pagar um preço maior pelos produtos orgânicos.

Aufgrund seines Nährstoffaneignungsvermögens und Stimulierung des Pflanzenmetabolismus kann der Arbuskuläre Mykorrhiza (AM) Pilz im Gartenbau nutzbringend eingesetzt werden. Der Fokus der Arbeit liegt auf den Möglichkeiten des AM Pilzes a) pflanzenernährerische Probleme zu lösen, b) die Blütenbildung bei Zierpflanzen zu steigern und c) das Gesundheitspotential von Gemüse für den Menschen zu erhöhen (sekundäre Pflanzenmetaboliten). Zur Lösung pflanzenernährerischer Probleme wurden Porree, Pelargonie und Poinsettie auf Torf-Substraten mit 20% und 40% Kompostzusatz untersucht. Ferner wurde Salat auf Torf-Substrat mit drei P Behandlungen getestet: substrateigenes P, Rohphosphat und lösliches P. Frühlingszwiebeln und Schnittknoblauch wurden in Nährlösungen auf Perlit mit niedrigem, mittlerem und hohem NH4+/NO3- Verhältnis ernährt. Gemessen wurde die AM Kolonisation, die Trockenmasse und die N, P, K, S, NO3-, Mg und Zn Konzentrationen im Spross. Die Blütenbildung von Pelargonien und Poinsettien wurde auf Torf-Kompost-Substraten untersucht. Der Einfluss auf die sekundäre Metaboliten von Frühlingszwiebeln und Schnittknoblauch wurde zusammen mit drei NH4+/NO3- Verhältnissen geprüft (s.o.). Untersucht wurden Glukose, Fruktose, Saccharose, lösliche Feststoffe und organische Schwefelverbindungen (gemessen als Pyruvat). Eine AM Kolonisation konnte die Nährstoffversorgung der Pflanze verbessern und die Blütenbildung erhöhen. Jedoch profitierten die Pflanzen unter den beschriebenen experimentellen Bedingungen nicht durchgängig in ihrem Wachstum und Metaboliten vom AM Pilz. Die Zugaben von Kompost ermöglichte die Verbesserung der Substratqualität für die Nährstoffversorgung und das Pflanzenwachstum unter ökologischen Gartenbaubedingungen. Der Ertrag von gesundheitsfördernden organischen Schwefelverbindungen konnte in Abhängigkeit von der jeweiligen Allium Spezies, durch eine Variation des Ammonium/Nitrat Verhältnissen und/oder durch einen AM Effekt auf das Wachstum gesteigert werden. / Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can be beneficial for horticultural crops due to their nutrient acquisition properties and stimulation of the plant metabolism. The present work focuses on the prospects of AM fungi a) to solve plant nutritional problems, b) to induce flower development of ornamental plants, and c) to improve the health potential of crop plants for humans. Contribution of AM fungi to plant nutritional problems were investigated with leek, pelargonium and poinsettia plants on peat-based substrates with 20% and 40% compost additions. Moreover, lettuce plants were supplied on peat-based substrates with substrate own P, rock phosphate, or highly soluble P. Bunching onion and chinese chive were propagated on perlite in nutrient solution with low, medium and high NH4+:NO3- ratios. Mycorrhizal colonization, dry weight, and N, P, K, S, NO3-, Mg and Zn concentrations in plants were measured. Mycorrhizal effects on bud and flower development of pelargonium and poinsettia plants were investigated on peat-based compost substrates. Treatment effects on secondary metabolites in bunching onion and chinese chive were determined by exposing mycorrhizal and non mycorrhizal plants to three NH4+:NO3- supply ratios. The metabolites measured were glucose, fructose, and sucrose, total soluble solids, and organosulfur compounds (measured as pyruvic acid). Colonization improved plant nutrient status and flower development. Under the described experimental conditions, however, plants did not consistently benefit in growth or plant composition from the mycorrhizal symbiosis. Additions of compost were a means of improving the substrate quality for an increased plant nutrient acquisition and plant growth in organic horticulture. The plant quality of Allium species in respect to organosulfur compounds was increased by taking the individual Allium species into consideration, their specific requirements for an optimal NH4+:NO3- supply ratio, and a possible AM effect on plant growth.