O selênio exerce função marcante na qualidade do sêmen, atuando no desenvolvimento da peça intermediária, no desenvolvimento das células de Sertoli, e, como componente das selenoproteínas, principalmente a glutationa peroxidase. O selênio é utilizado comumente nas dietas animais como selenito de sódio (inorgânica) e as fontes orgânicas têm revelado diferenciada biodiponibilidade, sendo importantes para aumentar o aproveitamento pelos animais e reduzir o impacto ambiental. Assim, o experimento averiguou os efeitos do selênio orgânico nas características seminais no sêmen in natura e refrigerado a 18&ordm;C por três dias. Foram utilizados 12 cachaços divididos em três tratamentos: CONTROLE dieta formulada utilizando fonte inorgânica (0,30 ppm de selenito de sódio, n=4), INORGÂNICO dieta formulada utilizando fonte inorgânica (0,50 ppm de selenito de sódio, n=4) e ORGÂNICO - dieta formulada utilizando fonte orgânica (0,50 ppm de selênio- Sel-PlexTM, Alltech, Inc., n=4). As análises do sêmen consistiram da avaliação computadorizada da motilidade (CASA), e análises por citometria de fluxo da integridade das membranas plasmática e acrossomal, potencial de membrana mitocondrial, peroxidação lipídica, atividade da fosfolipídio hidroperóxido glutationa peroxidase. Associado a estas análises avaliou-se a concentração de selênio no plasma sangüíneo e seminal. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, empregando-se o programa SAS (1999). As hipóteses testadas foram consideradas significativas quando p&lt;0,05. Na análise do sêmen in natura constatou-se que a concentração espermática, o número total de células e o número de doses foram influenciados positivamente pelo tratamento orgânico, assim como os percentuais de células normais. Os percentuais de defeitos de cabeça, peça intermediária e gota proximal foram menores nos animais suplementados com selênio levedura, contudo os defeitos de cauda do espermatozóide foram mais elevados. O defeito de colo do espermatozóide também foi reduzido pela suplementação de selênio. Porém, as integridades de membranas acrossomal e plasmática, potencial mitocondrial e peroxidação das membranas espermáticas, bem como as características de motilidade não melhoraram com a utilização de selênio levedura. A concentração de selênio no plasma sangüíneo e seminal foram maiores no grupo orgânico em comparação aos demais, assim como a atividade da enzima PHGPx. Em relação ao sêmen refrigerado averiguou-se que as integridades de membranas acrossomal e plasmática, potencial de membrana mitocondrial e peroxidação de membrana não foram influenciadas pela suplementação com selênio orgânico. Em contrapartida, as características de motilidade apresentaram diferenças significativas favoráveis ao tratamento orgânico, bem como o percentual de células normais e os defeitos de cabeça e gota proximal. O grupo orgânico apresentou maior percentual de defeitos de cauda comparativamente aos demais e a suplementação de selênio, independente da fonte reduziu os percentuais de defeitos de peça intermediária. A atividade da enzima PHGPx também foi influenciada positivamente pelo tratamento orgânico. Baseado nos resultados, efeitos positivos da suplementação de selênio orgânico (0,50 ppm) na dieta foram observados em algumas características espermáticas no sêmen in natura e refrigerado de cachaços. / The selenium plays a remarkable role on semen quality by acting in the development of middle piece, in the development of Sertoli cells and also as a component of selenoproteins, primarily of glutathione peroxidase. The selenium is usually utilized on animal diets as sodium selenite (inorganic). Organic sources have revealed a differentiated bioavailability, becoming important allies to enhance its use by the animals and reducing environmental impact. Therefore, this experiment evaluated the effects of organic selenium on seminal characteristics on raw and stored semen at 18&ordm;C for three days. Twelve boars were divided into three experimental groups: CONTROL inorganic sourced diet (0.30 ppm sodium selenite, n=4), INORGANIC inorganic sourced diet (0.50 ppm sodium selenite, n=4) and ORGANIC organic sourced diet (0.50 ppm selenium- Sel-PlexTM, Alltech, Inc., n=4). Semen analysis consisted of computerized assessment of motility (CASA) and flow cytometric analysis of plasmatic and acrosomal membranes integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, lipidic peroxidation and phospholipid hidroperoxide glutatione peroxidase activity. Moreover, the blood and seminal plasma concentrations of selenium were evaluated. Data was submitted analysis of variance (SAS, 1999). Hypothesis tested were considered significant when p<0.05. In natura semen analysis showed that spermatic concentration, total cell number, number of doses and percentage of normal cells were positively influenced by organic treatment. Percentages of head and middle piece defects and proximal cytoplasmic droplets were decreased on animals supplemented with yeast selenium; however percentages of tail defects were increased in these animals. Neck defects were reduced by selenium supplementation. Acrosomal and plasmatic membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential and spermatic membrane peroxidation, as well as motility characteristics were not enhanced with the use of yeast selenium. Selenium concentration on blood and seminal plasma were higher on organic group, similarly to PHGPx activity. Stored semen analysis showed that acrosomal and plasmatic membranes integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential and membrane peroxidation were not influenced by organic selenium supplementation. Nonetheless, motility characteristics were maintained normal with significant differences on behalf of organic treatment, likewise the percentage of normal cells, head defects and proximal droplets. The organic group presented higher percentage of tail defects when compared to the others and supplementation with selenium, independently from the source, reduced the percentages of middle piece defects. PHGPx activity was also positively influenced by organic treatment. Based on results, positives effects of dietary organic selenium supplementation (0.5 ppm) were observed on some spermatic characteristics of raw and stored boar semen.

Tyrimo problema: siekiant apsaugoti riebalus nuo oksidacijos dažniausiai yra naudojami sintetiniai antioksidantai. Kaip rodo moksliniai tyrimai dažniausiai naudojamas neorganinis selenas. Duomenų apie organinį seleną bei vitaminą E, naudojant vištų lesinime saulėgrąžų aliejų, yra nedaug ir jie yra prieštaringi. Be to, aliejų kokybei išsaugoti neteisingai parenkant antioksidantus, tame tarpe seleną ir vitaminą E, vyksta aliejuose antioksidaciniai procesai, kurių metu susidaro laisvieji radikalai. Pastarieji neigiamai veikia tiek gyvūnų, tiek žmonių sveikatingumą. Todėl magistrinio darbo tikslas yra ištirti organinio seleno ir vitamino E įtaką vištų dedeklių produktyvumui bei kiaušinių kokybei, praturtinant jų lesalus saulėgrąžų aliejumi. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti organinio seleno ir vitamino E įtaką vištų dedeklių dėslumui, lesalų sąnaudoms, išsaugojimui bei vištų fiziologiniai būklei, praturtinant jų lesalus saulėgrąžų aliejumi; 2. Nustatyti organinio seleno ir vitamino E įtaką kiaušinių kokybiniams ir kiekybiniams parametrams, praturtinant jų lesalus saulėgrąžų aliejumi; 3. Nustatyti organinio seleno ir vitamino E įtaką jusliniams kiaušinių rodikliams, praturtinant jų lesalus saulėgrąžų aliejumi. Svarbiausios išvados: • Kontrolinės ir tiriamosios grupės vištų svoriai atitiko linijų derinio Lohmann brown auginimo rekomendacijas. • Vitamino E – 40 mg/kg ir organinio seleno 0,5 mg/kg lesalų padidino vištų dėjimo intensyvumą 3,22 proc., tačiau lesalų sąnaudoms 1 kg... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The issue of investigation: To prevent fat from oxidation, synthetic antioxidants are most frequently used. Scientific investigations evidence the prevalence of inorganic selenium. The data on selenium and Vitamin E, using sunflower oil in poultry nutrition, is scarce and controversial. Furthermore, the failure in selecting the antioxidants to preserve oil quality causes oil ant oxidation processes during which free radicals are formed. The latter have negative impact on health of both human beings and animals. Therefore, the aim of the master thesis is to investigate the effect of organic selenium and vitamin E on productivity and eggs quality of layer hens when their nutrition is enriched with sunflower oil. The tasks of the work: 1. To determine the impact of organic selenium and vitamin E on egg laying, usage of feed conversion, livability and physiological condition of layer hens when their nutrition is enriched with sunflower oil. 2. To determine the impact of organic selenium and vitamin E on egg qualitative and quantitative parameters when the hens’ nutrition is enriched with sunflower oil. 3. To determine the impact of organic selenium and vitamin E on egg sensory indices when the hens’ nutrition is enriched with sunflower oil. The most important conclusions: • The hens’ weights in control and trial groups met the rearing recommendations for Lohmann Brown line. • The feed additive of vitamin E – 40mg/kg and 0.5mg/kg of organic selenium increased egg laying intensity... [to full text]

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-10-14T16:13:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Levy Franco dos Santos.pdf: 1176503 bytes, checksum: 56d063e806a375d88c6f4e72a9454509 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-14T16:13:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Levy Franco dos Santos.pdf: 1176503 bytes, checksum: 56d063e806a375d88c6f4e72a9454509 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-15 / The internal quality of egg is related, primarily, to the albumen and yolk. Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient to the body, working as an efficient antioxidant. The experiment purpose was to evaluate the productive and qualitative aspects of eggs from commercial laying hens supplemented with organic selenium. For this study were collected and evaluated bird eggs from Lohmann LSL line with initial age of 27 weeks, supplemented with 250 g/t. Were collected 60 eggs from the control and treated groups with a total of ten samples at intervals of 28 days (120 units per collection), or 1200 eggs in the experiment. The collected eggs were allocated to analysis of specific gravity, yolk color, Haugh unit and weight. The data concerning to the productive yield, cracked eggs and viability were also analyzed. They were subjected to analysis of variance and average compared by Tukey’s test at 5% level of probability. The results were not significant for any variable, except for viability in the last two cycles of egg production. Supplementation of the diet of laying hens with organic selenium didn’t show, for this study, detectable improvements in the productive and qualitative aspects of the eggs. / A qualidade interna do ovo está relacionada, principalmente, ao albúmen e à gema. O selênio (Se) é um micronutriente essencial para o organismo, funcionando como antioxidante eficiente. O experimento teve por objetivo avaliar os aspectos produtivos e qualitativos dos ovos de poedeiras comerciais suplementadas com selênio orgânico. Para o presente estudo foram coletados e avaliados ovos de aves da linhagem Lohman LSL com idade inicial de 27 semanas, suplementadas com 250g/t. Foram coletados 60 ovos dos grupos controle e tratado totalizando dez coletas em intervalos de 28 dias (120 unidades por coleta), totalizando 1.200 ovos no experimento. Os ovos coletados destinaram-se ao estudo da gravidade específica, pigmentação da gema, unidade Haugh e peso. Dados referentes ao percentual produtivo, ovos trincados e viabilidade também foram analisados. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey, ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. Os resultados não foram significativos para as variáveis analisadas, exceto para a viabilidade nos dois últimos ciclos de postura. A suplementação da ração de poedeiras comerciais com selênio orgânico, não apresentou, para esse experimento, melhorias detectáveis nos aspectos produtivos e qualitativos dos ovos.

O selênio exerce função marcante na qualidade do sêmen, atuando no desenvolvimento da peça intermediária, no desenvolvimento das células de Sertoli, e, como componente das selenoproteínas, principalmente a glutationa peroxidase. O selênio é utilizado comumente nas dietas animais como selenito de sódio (inorgânica) e as fontes orgânicas têm revelado diferenciada biodiponibilidade, sendo importantes para aumentar o aproveitamento pelos animais e reduzir o impacto ambiental. Assim, o experimento averiguou os efeitos do selênio orgânico nas características seminais no sêmen in natura e refrigerado a 18&ordm;C por três dias. Foram utilizados 12 cachaços divididos em três tratamentos: CONTROLE dieta formulada utilizando fonte inorgânica (0,30 ppm de selenito de sódio, n=4), INORGÂNICO dieta formulada utilizando fonte inorgânica (0,50 ppm de selenito de sódio, n=4) e ORGÂNICO - dieta formulada utilizando fonte orgânica (0,50 ppm de selênio- Sel-PlexTM, Alltech, Inc., n=4). As análises do sêmen consistiram da avaliação computadorizada da motilidade (CASA), e análises por citometria de fluxo da integridade das membranas plasmática e acrossomal, potencial de membrana mitocondrial, peroxidação lipídica, atividade da fosfolipídio hidroperóxido glutationa peroxidase. Associado a estas análises avaliou-se a concentração de selênio no plasma sangüíneo e seminal. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, empregando-se o programa SAS (1999). As hipóteses testadas foram consideradas significativas quando p&lt;0,05. Na análise do sêmen in natura constatou-se que a concentração espermática, o número total de células e o número de doses foram influenciados positivamente pelo tratamento orgânico, assim como os percentuais de células normais. Os percentuais de defeitos de cabeça, peça intermediária e gota proximal foram menores nos animais suplementados com selênio levedura, contudo os defeitos de cauda do espermatozóide foram mais elevados. O defeito de colo do espermatozóide também foi reduzido pela suplementação de selênio. Porém, as integridades de membranas acrossomal e plasmática, potencial mitocondrial e peroxidação das membranas espermáticas, bem como as características de motilidade não melhoraram com a utilização de selênio levedura. A concentração de selênio no plasma sangüíneo e seminal foram maiores no grupo orgânico em comparação aos demais, assim como a atividade da enzima PHGPx. Em relação ao sêmen refrigerado averiguou-se que as integridades de membranas acrossomal e plasmática, potencial de membrana mitocondrial e peroxidação de membrana não foram influenciadas pela suplementação com selênio orgânico. Em contrapartida, as características de motilidade apresentaram diferenças significativas favoráveis ao tratamento orgânico, bem como o percentual de células normais e os defeitos de cabeça e gota proximal. O grupo orgânico apresentou maior percentual de defeitos de cauda comparativamente aos demais e a suplementação de selênio, independente da fonte reduziu os percentuais de defeitos de peça intermediária. A atividade da enzima PHGPx também foi influenciada positivamente pelo tratamento orgânico. Baseado nos resultados, efeitos positivos da suplementação de selênio orgânico (0,50 ppm) na dieta foram observados em algumas características espermáticas no sêmen in natura e refrigerado de cachaços. / The selenium plays a remarkable role on semen quality by acting in the development of middle piece, in the development of Sertoli cells and also as a component of selenoproteins, primarily of glutathione peroxidase. The selenium is usually utilized on animal diets as sodium selenite (inorganic). Organic sources have revealed a differentiated bioavailability, becoming important allies to enhance its use by the animals and reducing environmental impact. Therefore, this experiment evaluated the effects of organic selenium on seminal characteristics on raw and stored semen at 18&ordm;C for three days. Twelve boars were divided into three experimental groups: CONTROL inorganic sourced diet (0.30 ppm sodium selenite, n=4), INORGANIC inorganic sourced diet (0.50 ppm sodium selenite, n=4) and ORGANIC organic sourced diet (0.50 ppm selenium- Sel-PlexTM, Alltech, Inc., n=4). Semen analysis consisted of computerized assessment of motility (CASA) and flow cytometric analysis of plasmatic and acrosomal membranes integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, lipidic peroxidation and phospholipid hidroperoxide glutatione peroxidase activity. Moreover, the blood and seminal plasma concentrations of selenium were evaluated. Data was submitted analysis of variance (SAS, 1999). Hypothesis tested were considered significant when p<0.05. In natura semen analysis showed that spermatic concentration, total cell number, number of doses and percentage of normal cells were positively influenced by organic treatment. Percentages of head and middle piece defects and proximal cytoplasmic droplets were decreased on animals supplemented with yeast selenium; however percentages of tail defects were increased in these animals. Neck defects were reduced by selenium supplementation. Acrosomal and plasmatic membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential and spermatic membrane peroxidation, as well as motility characteristics were not enhanced with the use of yeast selenium. Selenium concentration on blood and seminal plasma were higher on organic group, similarly to PHGPx activity. Stored semen analysis showed that acrosomal and plasmatic membranes integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential and membrane peroxidation were not influenced by organic selenium supplementation. Nonetheless, motility characteristics were maintained normal with significant differences on behalf of organic treatment, likewise the percentage of normal cells, head defects and proximal droplets. The organic group presented higher percentage of tail defects when compared to the others and supplementation with selenium, independently from the source, reduced the percentages of middle piece defects. PHGPx activity was also positively influenced by organic treatment. Based on results, positives effects of dietary organic selenium supplementation (0.5 ppm) were observed on some spermatic characteristics of raw and stored boar semen.

Deficiencies of selenium (Se) and iodine (I) are widespread in livestock all over Europe. They have an impact on the animals health. Since the clinical signs of the deficiencies are rarely pathognomic, auxiliary exams, based on blood and milk samples are needed for the confirmation of the diagnosis. To evaluate the Se and I status, the plasmatic Se content, the erythrocytic glutathione peroxydase activity (GPX), and the inorganic plasmatic I (IIP) content are measured routinely. Other analyses, like e.g. the dosage of tri-iodothyronine (T3) or thyrotropine (bTSH) can be used. Once the deficiency is diagnosed, it can be corrected by several methods. The first aim of the study was to evaluate the zinc, copper, Se, and I status of Wallonian dairy and beef herds and to correlate their trace element status to their health. The trace element status of the herds with pathologies was less good than that of healthy herds. Further, more herds with pathologies had deficiencies when compared to healthy ones. Dairy herds had a better trace element status than beef herds. Se and I deficiencies are among the most important ones and have the most severe sequels. Therefore, the subsequent parts of the study focussed on these two trace elements. The second aim was the establishment of a technique for the dosage of bTSH and of reference values in healthy cattle. Reference ranges for bTSH and for thyroxine (T4) have been determined in healthy adult cows and in healthy calves. Thereafter, the next aim was to compare the concentration of bTSH in newborn calves with goitre to those obtained in healthy calves, in order to validate a diagnostic test for this pathology. The bTSH allowed the discrimination of the two groups and to approve the diagnosis of hypothyroidism in some of the calves. The threshold value of bTSH for the diagnosis of hypothyroidism in the newborn calf has been fixed at 35 µU/ml. The fourth aim was to compare the I (IIP) and Se (plasmatic Se, GPX) status as well as the thyroid status (bTSH, T4, T3, rT3) in dried pregnant cows and their calves and in non-pregnant cows, that received normal diet and a diet enriched in Se and I. In those receiving a Se and I enriched diet, the T4 and the bTSH decreased while the IIP, the T3, and the GPX activity increased. In the group that received a diet with normal Se and I contents, only the GPX activity increased. At birth, calves from mothers receiving the Se and I enriched diet, had a higher IPP content and GPX activity, and a lower bTSH concentration than calves from the other group. The last aim was to compare the effects of two different forms of Se (sodium selenite versus seleno-methionine) and two different doses of Se (0.1 versus 0.5 ppm) on the health and the Se status of Se deficient Belgian Blue cows and their calves. The first two groups of cows received a ration with 0.1 and 0.5 ppm, respectively, of Se in the form of sodium selenite (Na-Se 0.1 and Na-Se 0.5), while the third group received 0.5 ppm of Se in the form of seleno-methionine (Y-Se 0.5). The Se content of plasma, colostrum, and milk was higher in the cows of group Y-Se 0.5 when compared to the two other groups. The Se content of the plasma was higher in calves from group Y-Se 0.5 when compared to the two other groups. The daily weight gain of the Y-Se 0.5 group was higher than those of the group Na-Se 0.1. The incidence of diarrhoea among calves in group Na-Se 0.1 was higher than in group Y-Se 0.5. In conclusion, trace elements deficiencies are common in Wallonia and often they are multiple. They play a major role in the aetiology of multifactorial diseases diagnosed in the cattle herds. Deficiencies in Se and in I are most commonly implicated in clinical problems. The diagnosis of these deficiencies is determined by blood analyses. Therefore, the tests need to be differentiated according to their capacity to test the nutritional or the thyroid status. A simultaneous supplementation with I and Se, as well as the form of the supplemented Se, may modify the interpretation of the nutritional and the thyroid status. Better reproduction performances and a better health have been observed in herds with a normal trace element status. Furthermore, the advantage of the supplementation with Se in the form of seleno-methionine has been demonstrated in comparison to sodium selenite in deficient Belgian Blue cattle. This study opened numerous perspectives. The measurement of bTSH should be implemented in laboratories in order to offer it as a routine analysis to the practitioning veterinarian, who could use this tool in the framework of many diseases other than goitre. From a fundamental point of view, the dosage of deiodinases would allow the understanding of the regulation and of the synthesis of the thyroid hormones in bovines, and identifying the role of Se and I in this process. Finally, following the discoveries concerning the seleno-methionine, the effect of organic forms of other trace elements in bovine supplementation should be investigated. / Les carences en sélénium (Se) et en iode (I) sont répandues en Europe chez le bétail et ont des répercussions sur leur santé. Les signes cliniques de carence sont rarement pathognomoniques, ce qui nécessite le recours à des examens de sang ou de lait afin de confirmer le diagnostic. Pour évaluer le statut en Se et en I des bovins, le dosage du Se plasmatique, de lactivité de la glutathion peroxydase érythrocytaire (GPX) et de lI inorganique plasmatique (IIP) est réalisé en routine. Lévaluation du statut thyroïdien se fait principalement via la détermination de la thyroxine (T4) dans le plasma. Dautres analyses sont utilisables à cette fin, telles que la tri-iodothyronine (T3) ou la thyrotropine (bTSH). Une fois le diagnostic de carence posé, la carence peut être corrigée de diverses façons. Le 1er objectif de ce travail a été dévaluer les statuts en zinc, cuivre, Se et I dans les exploitations bovines laitières et viandeuses en Wallonie et de mettre en corrélation ces statuts avec létat de santé des troupeaux étudiés. Le statut en oligo-éléments (O-E) dans les troupeaux avec pathologies était moins bon que celui des troupeaux sains. De même, davantage de troupeaux avec pathologies étaient carencés par rapport aux troupeaux sains. Les troupeaux laitiers bénéficiaient de meilleurs statuts par rapport aux troupeaux viandeux. Les carences en Se et en I sont parmi les plus importantes et les plus lourdes de conséquences. La suite du travail sest donc focalisé sur ces 2 oligo-éléments. Le 2ème objectif a consisté à mettre au point un dosage de la bTSH et à établir des valeurs de référence chez des bovins adultes en bonne santé. Un intervalle de référence pour la bTSH et la T4 a été établi pour des vaches adultes saines et des veaux nouveau-nés sains. En corollaire, lobjectif suivant a été de comparer la concentration en bTSH trouvée chez des veaux nouveau-nés atteints dun goitre avec celle obtenue chez des veaux nouveau-nés en bonne santé, afin de valider un test diagnostique pour cette pathologie. La bTSH a permis de discriminer ces 2 groupes de veaux et détablir le diagnostic dhypothyroïdie chez certains veaux goitreux. Une valeur seuil de bTSH pour poser le diagnostic dhypothyroïdie chez des veaux nouveau-nés a été établie à 35 µU/ml. Le 4ème objectif a été de comparer les statuts en I (IIP) et Se (Se plasmatique, GPX) mais également le statut thyroïdien (bTSH, T4, T3, rT3) de vaches taries gestantes ou non et, le cas échéant, de leur veau, qui ont reçu une ration normalement pourvue ou enrichie en I et Se. Chez les vaches recevant une ration enrichie en Se et I, la T4 et la bTSH ont diminué alors que lIIP, la T3 et lactivité de la GPX ont augmenté. Dans le groupe recevant une ration normalement pourvue en Se et I, seule lactivité de la GPX a augmenté. A la naissance, les veaux provenant des mères ayant reçu une ration enrichie en Se et I avaient une concentration en IIP et une activité de la GPX supérieures et une concentration en bTSH inférieure par rapport aux veaux de lautre groupe. Le dernier objectif a été de comparer les effets sur la santé et le statut en Se de vaches BBB carencées et de leur veau de deux formes (sélénite de soude versus séléno-méthionine) et de deux doses différentes de Se (0,1 versus 0,5 ppm). Les deux premiers groupes de vaches ont reçu une ration avec respectivement 0,1 et 0,5 ppm de Se sous forme de sélénite de soude (Na-Se 0,1 et Na-Se 0,5), alors que le troisième groupe de vaches a reçu 0,5 ppm de Se sous forme de séléno-méthionine (Y-Se 0,5). Les concentrations en Se dans le plasma, le colostrum et le lait étaient plus élevées chez les vaches du groupe Y-Se 0,5 par rapport aux 2 autres groupes. La concentration en Se plasmatique était plus importante chez les veaux du groupe Y-Se 0,5 par rapport à celles des autres groupes. Le gain quotidien moyen des veaux du groupe Y-Se 0,5 était plus important par rapport à celui du groupe Na-Se 0,1. La prévalence de diarrhée des veaux du groupe Na-Se 0,1 était plus élevée par rapport à celle du groupe Y-Se 0,5. En conclusion, les carences en oligo-éléments sont fréquentes en Wallonie et souvent multiples. Elles interviennent de manière importante dans létiologie des troubles multifactoriels constatés dans les exploitations bovines. Les carences en Se et en I sont celles qui occasionnent le plus de répercussions cliniques. Le diagnostic de ces carences en particulier repose sur lutilisation de dosages sanguins. Il faut y distinguer ceux qui mesurent le statut nutritionnel en I et Se de ceux qui évaluent plutôt le statut thyroïdien. Une supplémentation simultanée en I et en Se peut modifier linterprétation des statuts nutritionnel et thyroïdien, de même que la forme sous laquelle le Se est apporté aux bovins. De meilleures performances zootechniques et une meilleure santé sont constatées dans les troupeaux supplémentés en O-E qui jouissent de statuts corrects. De plus, de ce point de vue, la supériorité de la supplémentation en Se sous forme de séléno-méthionine a été démontrée par rapport au sélénite de soude chez des bovins BBB carencés. De nombreuses perspectives se dégagent de ce travail. Le dosage de la bTSH est à implémenter dans des laboratoires en vue den faire une analyse de routine à disposition des vétérinaires praticiens qui pourraient ainsi utiliser cet outil dans le cadre de nombreuses autres pathologies que le goitre congénital. Dun point de vue plus fondamental, le dosage des désiodases permettrait daffiner la compréhension de la régulation de la synthèse des hormones thyroïdiennes chez le bovin, en précisant les rôles respectifs de lI et du Se à ce propos. Enfin, à linstar des découvertes concernant la séléno-méthionine, lintérêt annoncé des formes organiques des autres O-E chez les ruminants devrait être investigué plus avant.