The contemporary world challenges many traditional notions about the nature of organizations (Neher, 1997). Today, organizational structures with more complicated communication have appeared, such as "networks" and "virtual organizations." New technology brought about these changes by overcoming limited resources and locations. Without instantaneous computerized communication, complicated global organizations could not exist. The relationship between organizational structures and new technology has been of primary importance for managers designing hierarchical structures. Organizations must continue to meet the challenge of incorporating new technology into their companies. In this study, twenty employees from Fortune 500 companies were selected to participate in pre-questionnaires and telephone interviews. The data was summarized into eleven categories focusing on three research questions: Employee perceptions of reengineering organizations, adoption of new information communication technology, and the relationship between technology and organizational structure. The findings revealed more complicated communication occurring within organizations reflected through the adoption of information communication technology. Although information flow in most organizations remained vertical from top down, upper level managers were able to bypass mid-level managers and communicate directly with employees and vice versa. This showed the emergence of new organizations featuring less hierarchical structures.

The education spectrum includes many different modes of instruction or organizational models. The following are examples of organizational models available to school leaders: self-contained, departmentalized, team-teaching, collaboration, changing classes, and rotating classes. In this spectrum, the self-contained classroom and the departmentalized classroom are the most frequently used organizational models. The self-contained classroom involves one teacher instructing a group of students in all academic subjects. In contrast, the departmentalized classroom is a setting where educators teach in one area of specialization and students move from one classroom to another for instruction. When considering effective organizational models, it is imperative for administrators to pay attention not only to the quality and content of a lesson but also to the organizational structure in which the instruction is presented. This study included 94 schools using either a self-contained or a departmentalized classroom organization model. The purpose of the study was to identify the organizational model, either departmentalized or self-contained, that had a significant difference in measures of students' academic performance on reading and mathematics VSL pass rates for fourth graders in Region II of Virginia. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the hypothesis and results revealed that there is no evidence of a significant difference between the two classroom organizational models on either reading or math VSL test pass rates for fourth graders. The findings suggest that no significant differences in reading and math VSL pass rates existed among schools with the two different classroom organizational models. Controlling for school size and the presence or absence of school Title I status (40% or more of its students come from families who qualify as low income under U.S. Census definitions) did not have an effect on the comparison related to fourth-grade general education students' pass rates on the 2009–2010 school year reading and math VSL pass rates. / Ed. D.

<p><strong>Background</strong>: Today companies operate in a market that increasingly is becoming global, and where technological development is advancing ever faster. Global competition, shorter product life cycles and constant reorganization of business puts increasing demands on companies and projects that are under their control. As a result of this trend more and more organizations in different industries are working on a project basis.</p><p><strong>Objective:</strong> To identify and address the strengths and weaknesses of project based organizations.</p><p><strong>Boundaries</strong>: Three business units within different companies will be analyzed in order to deduct a conclusion to the research question.</p><p><strong>Method</strong>: A qualitative method has been used. The empirical material was analyzed based on theory.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: A project based organization promotes higher flexibility in comparison to a functional organization. The organizational structure of a project based organization provides employees with interesting tasks and the possibility to work in and learn from cross functional teams. Although this has a negative impact on ones work life balance. A key weakness is the organizational integration, which includes: knowledge management, implementation of strategies and focus beyond projects, resource coordination and human resource management.</p><p><strong>Proposal for further research:</strong> An in-depth study on how project based organizations promote innovation.</p>

Background: Today companies operate in a market that increasingly is becoming global, and where technological development is advancing ever faster. Global competition, shorter product life cycles and constant reorganization of business puts increasing demands on companies and projects that are under their control. As a result of this trend more and more organizations in different industries are working on a project basis. Objective: To identify and address the strengths and weaknesses of project based organizations. Boundaries: Three business units within different companies will be analyzed in order to deduct a conclusion to the research question. Method: A qualitative method has been used. The empirical material was analyzed based on theory. Results: A project based organization promotes higher flexibility in comparison to a functional organization. The organizational structure of a project based organization provides employees with interesting tasks and the possibility to work in and learn from cross functional teams. Although this has a negative impact on ones work life balance. A key weakness is the organizational integration, which includes: knowledge management, implementation of strategies and focus beyond projects, resource coordination and human resource management. Proposal for further research: An in-depth study on how project based organizations promote innovation.

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Statement of the problem. Too few community college students who intend to transfer and earn a baccalaureate degree actually do. This is a problem because postsecondary education is a key factor in economic mobility, and community colleges enroll a disproportionate number of nontraditional, part-time and low-income students. Although individual factors must be considered by community colleges, they often are out of the control of the institution. This study focused on the institutional factors, including the ways that organizational structures contribute to the success of a community college’s transfer program. Design. This companion study was conducted by a four-member research team. In order to describe the transfer population and institutional characteristics, a quantitative analysis was conducted for the student population, which included 338 spring and summer 2009 Associate in Arts and/or Associate in Science (AA/AS) graduates from four Appalachian community colleges. This analysis indicated that individual student characteristics did not explain the differences in institutional transfer rates. Two of the institutions were identified as statistically significant institutions promoting transfer success. Students from these high-impact community colleges were found to be at least two times more likely to transfer than students attending the low-impact institutions. Each member of the research team looked at a different aspect of the transfer experiences of the cohort. Two components explored institutional perspectives by interviewing 27 faculty, staff, and leaders from the four community colleges. The other two components examined student perceptions of their community college transfer experiences. Major conclusions. One component of the companion study examined the interplay of informal and formal organizational structures of community colleges in the context of successful transfer. A typology model was created to illustrate the interface of structural elements that plays a role in the differentiation between high-impact and low-impact institutions. Findings indicated that two elements seem to make a difference in a community college’s ability to impact successful transfer: (a) the existence of strong internal and external ties, and (b) the level of integration of transfer services.

In developing a construct of organization for higher education, this study is designed to describe the historical development of college and university organizational structures and supporting theory, to describe higher education's contemporary organizational structures and supporting theory, to determine from writings on complex organizations their applications to organizational structures and supporting theory in higher education, to synthesize from the search of literature a consistent theory of organizational structures and supporting theory for higher education institutions, and to develop a higher education organizational construct composed primarily of principles of organizational structure. This study explores theory of organization as it pertains to colleges and universities. Heuristically conceived, the study is reflective and developmental in nature.

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar como a gestão de pessoas influencia o comprometimento organizacional dentro das unidades com estruturas organizacionais remotas. Sua importância reside na contribuição para a compreensão do que pode favorecer a retenção de talentos nessas unidades. Caracteriza-se como qualitativa, exploratória, baseada em estudo de casos múltiplos e cujo nível proposto de análise é o organizacional. Foi realizada por meio da aplicação de um levantamento de campo em algumas unidades de seis empresas autorizadas, cuja amostra envolveu grupos de análise constituídos de diretores, gerentes, RHs, supervisores e coordenadores de cada caso. O levantamento dos dados primários foi feito por meio de entrevistas em profundidade e observações nas áreas operacionais; o dos dados secundários, por meio de análise de documentos. Na análise dos resultados, trabalhou-se com as técnicas das análises de conteúdo, documental e reflexiva. Seus resultados demonstram a existência de práticas diferenciadas de gestão de pessoas, em razão das especificidades contextuais de cada unidade com estrutura organizacional remota, ficando em evidência que essa estrutura favorece a busca da contribuição e o desenvolvimento da solidariedade. Na visão dos respondentes, o nível de comprometimento organizacional é elevado, inserindo-se na perspectiva afetiva preconizada pela literatura. Tal perspectiva é sustentada pelos valores que ajudam a criar a identidade organizacional de cada uma dessas unidades, as quais tendem a aproximar as pessoas em todas as circunstâncias. Os gestores exercem influência direta no processo de obtenção desse comprometimento, facilitando para que esses valores sejam vivenciados por todos. Não obstante, os desafios para atração e retenção de talentos e suas famílias ainda permanecem, salvo nos casos em que os regimes de trabalho são diferenciados, em que as famílias permanecem em seus locais de origem e os atrativos financeiros e do próprio regime de trabalho compensam o afastamento temporário. As contribuições que esta pesquisa pode gerar são: auxiliar em futura análise da ligação entre a gestão de pessoas e o comprometimento organizacional, em novas unidades com estruturas organizacionais remotas no Brasil e em outros países; para a academia, poderá servir de estímulo para novas pesquisas nas áreas de administração, sociologia, psicologia, economia e antropologia; para as empresas, poderá ser feito um estudo comparativo das regiões onde elas tenham unidades remotas instaladas; para a sociedade, a possibilidade de retorno com os cuidados simultâneos que estão sendo tomados por essas organizações em todo o país. / This study aimed to investigate how management influences peoples organizational commitment within units with remote organizational structures. Its importance lies in contributing to the understanding of what might facilitate the retention of talent in these units. It is characterized as qualitative and exploratory, based on study of multiple cases, and its proposed level of analysis is organizational. It was realized by field studies in a few units of six companies, in which sample population involved focal groups consisting of directors, managers, human resources staff, supervisors, and coordinators of each case. The collection of primary data was done through in-depth interviews and observations in operational areas; the collection of secondary data was done through analysis of documents. For analysis of the results, techniques involving content, document, and reflective analyses were used. Results show the existence of different practices for managing people, due to the specific context of each unit, leaving in evidence that the remote organizational structure encourages the search for the contribution and development of solidarity. From the respondents viewpoint, the level of organizational commitment is high, in line with the affective view advocated by the literature. This view is supported by the values that help create the identity of each of these organizational units, which tend to bring people together in all circumstances. The managers exert direct influence in the process of obtaining such commitment, facilitating everyones experiencing of these values. Notwithstanding this influence, the challenges for attraction and retention of talent and their families still remain, except in cases where the work regimens are such that families remain in their places of origin and the financial incentives, as well as the work regimen itself, outweigh the workers temporary absence from family life. The contributions that this research can generate are: aiding future analysis of the connection between management of people and organizational commitment in new organizational structures with remote units in Brazil and other countries; for academe, serving as a starting point for further research in the areas of administration, sociology, psychology, economics, and anthropology; for enterprises, serving as basis for a comparative study of the regions where they have remote units operating; to society, having the opportunity to benefit from actions being taken by these organizations throughout the country.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo explicar os processos de desenvolvimento do planejamento estratégico em diferentes modelos organizacionais, identificando suas relações e propondo uma estrutura diferente ou ajustada. O processo de desenvolvimento do planejamento estratégico está relacionado a um composto de ações, passos, análises e decisões que visam o alcance de objetivos previamente estabelecidos. Os modelos organizacionais são interpretados a partir de fatores e características que tipificam uma organização. Os modelos analisados foram: organizações tipo empreendedora, centrada no empreendedor que a fundou; máquina, com processos padronizados funcionando como máquinas integradas; profissional, dependem da habilidade dos profissionais que nelas trabalham; e inovadora baseada em projetos e grupos de especialistas. / This paper aims to explain the process of strategic planning development at different organizational models, identifying its relationships and proposing a different or adjusted frame. The process of the strategic planning developing is related to a composite of actions, steps, analysis and decisions that aim the achieving of previously established objectives. The organizational models are interpreted from aspects and characteristics that typifying an organization. The models analyzed were: family-owned business; machine: standardized processes running as integrated machines; professional: depend on skilled professionals; and innovative: based on projects and expert groups.

As organizações hospitalares assumem uma relevante posição no mercado devido sua função econômica, social e por promoverem à saúde as pessoas, além de possuírem complexidade ímpar na sua gestão e várias carências, tais como: um serviço com maior valor agregado, conhecimento sobre as especificidades de seus processos, controle de seus custos totais etc. A estrutura organizacional, uma das ferramentas fundamentais de gerenciamento que proporciona visão holística da instituição, e a gestão da logística de forma integrada, que possibilita maior eficiência dos recursos ou vantagem competitiva sustentável, ganharam destaque nas organizações empresariais por auxiliá-las adaptarem e enfrentarem suas carências e os desafios do mercado global. Nesse contexto, o estudo tem como objetivo principal caracterizar a estrutura organizacional de uma organização hospitalar e identificar o estágio organizacional da logística nesse ambiente, analisando as influências de uma em relação à outra. Para tanto, o trabalho utilizou uma abordagem qualitativa exploratória, com estratégia de pesquisa a focar na revisão de literatura seguida por estudo de caso em hospital universitário e de ensino público. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de análise de documentos da instituição e entrevistas semi-estruturadas, baseada nas propostas de sistemáticas desenvolvidas, com um membro de cada nível da hierarquia associado às atividades logísticas. Os resultados da pesquisa permitiram: a caracterização da estrutura organizacional do estudo de caso, que se apresentou funcional; a identificação do estágio organizacional da logística, na prática do dia-a-dia, encontrou-se na Fase Zero, no estágio de fragmentação, sendo que nos documentos da instituição, está na Fase I, no estágio de agregação funcional; além de analisar as barreiras e oportunidades do arranjo do hospital em questão, para ampliar sua visão na busca da integração das atividades logísticas, e considerando a possibilidade de ser um caminho para a organização hospitalar trilhar, para agregar valor aos serviços, obter maior eficiência dos recursos e melhor desempenho organizacional. / The hospitals assume a relevant position in the market due its economical, social function and to promote the health the people, besides to possess odd complexity in the management and several lacks, such as: a service with larger adding value, knowledge on the specificities of its processes, control of its total costs etc. The organizational structure, one of the fundamental tools of managing, that it provides holistic vision of the institution, and the administration of the integrated logistics, that it provides larger efficiency of the resources or maintainable competitive advantage, won stand out in the business organizations for aiding them adapt and face their lacks and the challenges of the global market. In that context, the study has as main objective to characterize the organizational structure of an hospitalar organization and to identify the organizational stages of the logistic in that environment, analyzing the influences of one in relation to other. For so much, the work used an exploratory qualitative approach, with research strategy to focus in the revision literature following for case study in academical hospital and of public teaching. The data collection was accomplished through analysis of documents of the institution and semi-structured interview, based on the proposals of systematic developed, with a member of each level of the hierarchy associated to the activities logisticses. The results of the research allowed: the characterization of the organizational structure of the case study, that it came functional, the identification of the organizational stages of the logistics, in practice of the day by day, it was in the Phase Zero, in the fragmentation stage, and in the documents of the institution, it is in the Phase I, in the functional aggregation stage; besides analyzing the barriers and opportunities of the structure of the hospital in subject, to enlarge its vision in the search of the integration of the activities logisticses, and considering the possibility to be road for the hospitalar organization to tread, for adding value to the services, to obtain larger efficiency of the resources and better organizational performance.