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The design of organic electronic devices is heavily dependent upon the orientation of the molecular solid which influences the direction that charge carriers are able to traverse across the π-system. In this work, thin films of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) were deposited using thermal deposition over SiO2 and CuI both substrates having demonstrated the ability to confer different orientations onto thermally evaporated CuPc. A variety of scattering and spectroscopic techniques were utilized to characterize the electronic, chemical, and crystalline structures of CuPc to determine the effects that the substrates have over these structures when the molecule's self-assembly is altered. The findings in this study will be integrated into future works as reference points and control studies in order to draw meaningful and direct connections between MPcs that have differing electron affinity, transition metal cores, and functional groups as well as multi-layers of various MPcs within unique heterojunctions.

Thesis (M.A.)--Bowling Green State University, 2007. / Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 62 p. Includes bibliographical references.

<p>Rapidly changing and growing market made entering to the market change a really hard venture. The assortment offered by competitors rose. To keep up challenges it is necessary to apply strategies and techniques which let the company to reach high position on the market. Still rising group of competitors made demanding of customers also rose. Surviving on the market started to be connected with ensuring high quality products, but with still keeping the </p><p>same price of it. How company can achieve it? From the side of company it is connected with quick reaction to the customer needs and to gain it company has to take care after its flexibility. This paper is structured to answer the question why it is significant to be flexible on the market and also how to become a flexible company. To create cognitive perception of this issue, analyse of flexible company - an example of still prospering, a leader company HMS Industrial Network, is presented. The paper firstly identifies the research problem by presenting the theory gained from various literatures and then viewing prior researches concerning values of being flexible company, and secondly shows the methodology of the study. Next, the empirical findings from investigation of one, known as very flexible, company, are presented. Finally the conclusion is presented to see if reality support the thesis developed in paper.</p>

Rapidly changing and growing market made entering to the market change a really hard venture. The assortment offered by competitors rose. To keep up challenges it is necessary to apply strategies and techniques which let the company to reach high position on the market. Still rising group of competitors made demanding of customers also rose. Surviving on the market started to be connected with ensuring high quality products, but with still keeping the same price of it. How company can achieve it? From the side of company it is connected with quick reaction to the customer needs and to gain it company has to take care after its flexibility. This paper is structured to answer the question why it is significant to be flexible on the market and also how to become a flexible company. To create cognitive perception of this issue, analyse of flexible company - an example of still prospering, a leader company HMS Industrial Network, is presented. The paper firstly identifies the research problem by presenting the theory gained from various literatures and then viewing prior researches concerning values of being flexible company, and secondly shows the methodology of the study. Next, the empirical findings from investigation of one, known as very flexible, company, are presented. Finally the conclusion is presented to see if reality support the thesis developed in paper.

Marchand, Kettinger and Rollins’s (2001) definition of Information Orientation gave us  an  overall  understanding  about  company’s  information  management.  Different from  Market  Orientation  and  Customer  Orientation  etc.,  Information  Orientation Theory  focuses  on  study  of  how  interaction  of  people,  information  and  technology affect  business  performance.  It  pursues  to  establish  an  infrastructure  of  information technology application capabilities within a business organization to achieve effective information  use  and  business  performance  improvement.  In  this  study,  we  are applying  Marchand’s  Information  Orientation  Theory  to  the  information  technology application system of the Sigma Kudos, an Information Logistics Company by using Case Study methodology. We learnt that Marchand’s Information Orientation theory and  its  entities  can  be  used  perfectly  to  exam  and  measure  the  information management  capability  of  the  company.  During  the  study,  we  find  out  many interesting  aspects  which  information  product  companies  need  to  consider  about. Among  of  them,  one  aspect  is  the  main  finding  from  this  study  that  we  integrate resource and vision/strategy to the Information Orientation Theory as they are also the key areas that have an effective impact to a company’s business performance.

The majority of research investigations into the meaning and implications of the lesbian label within the sport context have primarily focused on coaches, athletes, and physical education teachers. Generally overlooked, however, has been the area of college and university health and kinesiology academia (i.e., sport-related curricula). The purpose of this study was to extend this line of inquiry to this setting within the context of sport. By doing so, investigating the lesbian label, as well as seeking to identify its presence, impact, and potential consequences as they relate to health and kinesiology department members, may contribute to the understanding of why a lesbian stigma persists within the multifaceted context of sport. Further, an additional purpose of this inquiry was to identify whether the use of identity management strategies, and their potential negative consequences, were used in relation to the lesbian label. The lesbian label was investigated through the voices of health and kinesiology department academicians. Through their words it was communicated that not only was the lesbian label and an associated stigma present within their respective departments, but the meaning of lesbianism within sport-related curricula was somewhat reminiscent of the meaning in other sport contexts. Thus, to some extent, the lesbian stigma can be extrapolated from sport to sport-related curricula. While complex, the meaning of lesbianism was intertwined with gender norms, religious beliefs, politics, personal beliefs, interpersonal relationships, societal assumptions, perceptions of powerlessness, and a necessity for self-protection. This was predominantly the case related to a female faculty members’ possession of certain physical characteristics, her physical presentation and attire, relationship status, and proximity to departmental physical activity courses that are regarded as more masculine (e.g., weight training, racquetball, basketball, etc.), in particular. Finally, whether merely acknowledged as being present or advocating for change with regard to perceptions of inequality and injustice, cognitive and emotional resources were allocated to this issue in a variety of ways. Implications of this exploration and its findings are presented and further inquiry encouraged.

SUMMARY Marketing, by means of exchanging, results in obtaining the required products and service. Exchanging, the proceeding steps of value creation, usually will benefit mutually and further the exchanging of mutual values. The essence of marketing is aimed at creating customers¡¦ value and satisfaction. A precise definition to the studies of marketing as given by Philip Kotler is that the profitably contented with the requirement. Marketing is derived from the deeds of profits seeking business, while it can be applied to those none profit seeking individuals or organizations as well. Other than marketing of product and service, the deeds of none profit seeking do care about the marketing of human, the local affairs, concepts and organizations. Marketing for people means the efforts to work out and manage the best advantages for certain individual or a group of people. The most common and prevailing examples can be observed in election campaigns. The campaign assistants work with every effort to look for campaign donations, volunteers, supporters and all sorts of campaign activities. The series of this study will focus on how to manipulate the marketing strategies for the politician. Being as the wife of a political figure, the author nominates Lin Pin-kuen, the senator elected from Peng-hu Hsien, as of the subject of case studies. Throughout four election campaigns, from a rookie to a veteran, suffered the failure in his first campaign while succeed in three consecutive terms, Senator Lin Pin-kuen accumulated profound experience in campaign manipulation and strategies. Senator Lin Pin-kuen¡¦s campaign for Peng-hu Hsien in 2001 is the main topics in this case study. Analyses are built on the basis of marketing strategies and further studies in political activities, the election campaigns. Hopefully, the fulfillment of this case study will accomplish the following concepts: 1. The applications of ¡§marketing concept¡¨ to political party, partisan, campaign strategy and management. 2. The proof of marketing creativity and manipulation is applicable to election campaign. 3. Hoping that the necessity and possibility to apply marketing concept in campaign is unavoidable, so as to upgrade the campaign morality, culture and quality. 4. To prove that marketing theory and technique can be both applied to non-profit seeking realms. Key words¡Gmarketing¡Bcustomer orientation¡Bnonprofit marketing¡B person marketing¡BSWOT analysis¡Bmarket segmentation¡Bmarket targeting¡Bposition¡B integrated marketing communications

As more and more intense of the global competition, businesses now keep seeking for competitive advantages to sustain their operations, and a good staff is the key to it. The first step to keep these excellent people is the ¡§orientation.¡¨ During the orientation, newcomers begin to involve in the organizational culture and understand more and more about the job. This is also an important part of socialization. Especially the front-line employees in service industry, their work influence the performance of business directly. Therefore, the importance of the orientation of front-line employees in service industry goes without saying. However, can it really elevate the degree of socialization after the orientation of newcomers? The purpose of this research expects to realize the orientation practices in current service industry, and discuss if different orientation programs make any differences on the adaptation of font-line newcomers. At the end we analyze the influence of newcomers¡¦ adaptation to their performances and turnover intentions. This research investigated fifty service industry¡¦s companies¡Gone questionnaire for human resource department, and ten for the front-line newcomers. 34 copies of the 50 human resource departments¡¦ questionnaires issued were returned, among which 30 copies are valid. 254 copies of the 500 front-line newcomers¡¦ questionnaires issued were returned, among which 179 copies are valid. The data were analyzed by reliability analysis, descriptive statistics analysis, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis and multiple regressions. The result of this research are as follows: 1.Most companies¡¦ orientation training lasted under five days, internal instructors were mostly used, most companies use O.J.T. As the orientation training method, ¡§Mentoring¡¨ is the mostly used. ¡§Organization policy¡¨ information is the mostly used orientation training content. 2.Overall, the average of all socialization dimensions are above middle value 4, among which the dimension of ¡§people¡¨ is the highest. The averages of job performance dimensions are above 5, and task performance is higher than contextual performance. The average of turnover intention is under middle value 4, but individual differences are quite large¡C 3.Different orientation programs make obviously differences on the degree of socialization, job performances and turnover intention. 4.All dimensions of Socialization have positive correlations with task performance and contextual performance. And all dimensions of socialization have negative correlations with turnover intention. 5.In the degree of socialization, ¡§people¡¨, ¡§organizational goals and values¡¨ and ¡§performance proficiency¡¨ all have obvious positive impacts on task performance. ¡§Politics¡¨ and ¡§organizational goals and values¡¨ have obvious positive impacts on contextual performance. Only ¡§organizational goals and values¡¨ has obvious negative influence on turnover intention. 6.Newcomers¡¦ past part-time job experiences (and time they¡¦ve spent), and the correlations of past job/part-time job have moderate effects on some parts among orientation and the degree of socialization.

The basic characteristics of eastern culture are harmony-emphasized and other-people-centered. In Chinese traditional society, the social contact within life circles is mainly in an operating mode orienting towards relationship and situations; in other words, people are self-centered, making a judgment based on their familiarity with associating subjects, and then orientate them in the society network to further decide a proper associating behavior. On the basis of the reason, we have to take account of this effect when thinking over the social behaviors of social conflicts. Supposed that people do judge their subjects based on familiarity and seniority, the properties of certain relationship will appear to be specially outstanding and important and further relate to the actual interaction when facing different situations and diverse interacting demands. This range of study is the conflicts on campus, and we seek to understand whether the characteristics of relationship orientation still dominate social conflicts of undergraduates of E-generation, and what kinds of connection are between the properties of relationship and the manners of conflict solution. Besides, HO, Yu-hui and his fellows (1991) put forth the viewpoint of ¡§Relationship Orientation, ¡¨ and he emphasized: The most powerful determinant does not lie in individuals themselves, but in the relative background outside the individuals. To some extent, HO¡¦s argument explains the particulars of general Chinese social behaviors, but does it remain applicable in conflict situations? Therefore, this research tries to bring into study the variables of personality characteristics, such as fear of communication, authoritarianism, collectivism, etc., which may relate to conflict handling, and to verify if these characteristics are able to forecast the social behaviors in conflict situations. The survey is proceeded with questionnaires. The total questionnaires sent out are 720 copies, and effective questionnaires are 477 copies.¡]Sent out 180 copies respectively to College of Administration, and College of Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Science College in Kaohsiung Teacher¡¦s University, and Medical College, Kaohsiung Medical University.¡^ After reliability analysis, descriptive statistics, uni-factor variance analysis, sample test for independence, and cross hatched map are completed, the important discoveries are as follows¡G 1. Four kinds of relationship¡Xcontemporary familiarity, contemporary unfamiliarity, senior familiarity, and senior unfamiliarity¡Xare defined according to familiarity and seniority. And there are strikingly differences in their corresponding manners of conflict solution. 2. The four kinds of conflict handling have their characteristics respectively: 1) In the relationship of contemporary familiarity, highly cooperative modes are adopted to handle both conceptual and actual conflicts. 2) The relationship of contemporary unfamiliarity still gives the first place to cooperation and compromise; however, its cooperative percentage is much lower than contemporary familiarity, and its compromising manners are higher than contemporary familiarity. 3) In the relationship of senior familiarity, higher percentage of people are willing to make a concession to their seniors in the respects of conceptual conflicts, besides adopting the cooperative manner, and higher percentage of people are willing to compromise with their seniors in the respects of actual conflicts of interests, besides cooperation. 4) People have higher volition to handle their conflicts in a cooperative manner with unfamiliar seniors than with familiar seniors, and the cooperative percentage in conceptual conflicts is especially higher than that in actual conflicts. 3. The corresponding conflict handling manners of the four kinds of relationship are remarkably different, and this is sufficient to verify the judgment of relationship in conflict situations, and that people¡¦s thinking is not only a macroscopic classification of relationship, but also comprehensive consideration of established relationship both parties have accumulated. 4. In the past, Chinese society tended to reconcile conflicts with integration orientation and always confined to ¡§Group-I groups.¡¨ But this research indicates that the four kinds of relationship, to some extent, have a percentage of people (30% at lowest) inclined to handle conflicts in a cooperative manner. And this tells us that today undergraduates seem more willing to solve conflicts with other people in a cooperative way, which gives consideration to mutual relationship and saves their own rights and interests form damage. 5. HSU, Lang-kuang (1971) thought that Chinese relationship put more emphasis on obligatory emotions of human relations than on familiar and spontaneous emotions. This contention cannot be tested and verified in the conflict situations of this research. 6. When conflicts come up, the percentage of escaping from conflicts is higher in people who are not mutually familiar than in those who are familiar with each other. This research result fairly agrees with the viewpoint of CHOU TING, Pu-sheng (1984). 7. In conflict situations, students are still willing to handle it in a cooperative way, or to escape to avoid frontal conflict, even though they are not unfamiliar, instead of resisting to strive for personal interests. It seems that HUANG, Kuang-kuo¡¦s theoretical mode of human sympathy and face has its limit in conflict situations. 8. This research discovers, by descriptive statistic analysis and examination of cross cards, that fear of communication, collectivism or authoritarianism do not have effect of adjustment in human relationship and the way of conflict handling. This result of research seems to support the contention of HO, Yu-hui, etc. (1991) that the effect of background of mutual relationship is greater than the response of personal character in the social behavior of facing conflict handling. 9. Comparison of the ways of conflict handling among different schools, colleges and departments (1) Fear of communication and authoritarianism of students in the College of Administration, National Sun Yat-Sen University are obviously lower than the College of Science & Engineering of the same university, and more cooperative in the conflict of four relationships than the College of Science & Engineering. However, the College of Science & Engineering shows higher responses of forbearance, conciliation and resistance. (2) Students in the College of Science & Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University and the College of Science, Kaohsiung Teacher¡¦s University not only have no differences in the characteristics of fear of communication, collectivism and authoritarianism, but also have no obvious differences in the way to face conflict. (3) Students in the College of Science & Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University and the Medical College, Kaohsiung Medical University also have no obvious differences in the characteristics of fear of communication, collectivism and authoritarianism. However, the tendency of cooperation of students in the Medical College, Kaohsiung Medical University in the way of conflict handling is obviously higher than the College of Science & Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University. (4) Students in the College of Science, Kaohsiung Teacher¡¦s University and the Medical College, Kaohsiung Medical University also have no obvious differences in the characteristics of fear of communication, collectivism and authoritarianism. However, the tendency of cooperation of students in the Medical College, Kaohsiung Medical University in the way of conflict handling is obviously higher than College of Science, Kaohsiung Teacher¡¦s University as well. 10. Comparison between personal attributes and the ways of conflict handling (1) In the gender, the authoritarianism of males is obviously higher than that of females. In the ways of conflict handling, the cooperation of females in actual conflicts with familiar contemporaries is obviously higher than that of males, and males have generally higher responses of forbearance, escape and resistance toward their familiar contemporaries. (2) Students of high and low grades have no obvious difference in the characteristics of fear of communication, collectivism and authoritarianism and also have no systematic difference in the ways of conflict handling.