<p>DNA origami is a novel self-assembly technique that can be used to form various </p><p>2D and 3D objects, and to position matter with nanometer accuracy. It has been </p><p>used to coordinate the placement of nanoscale objects, both organic and inorganic, to make molecular motor and walkers; and to create optically active nanostructures. In this dissertation, DNA origami templates are used to assemble plasmonic structures. Specifically, engineered Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) substrates were fabricated. Gold nanoparticles were selectively placed on the corners of rectangular origami and subsequently enlarged via solution-based metal deposition. The resulting assemblies exhibited "hot spots" of enhanced electromagnetic field between the nanoparticles. These hot spots significantly enhanced the Raman signal from Raman molecules covalently attached to the assemblies. Control samples with only one nanoparticle per DNA template, which therefore lacked inter-particle hot spots, did not exhibit strong enhancement. Furthermore, Raman molecules were used to map out the hot spots' distribution, as the molecules are photo-damaged when experiencing a threshold electric field. This method opens up the prospect of using DNA origami to rationally engineer and assemble plasmonic structures for molecular spectroscopy.</p> / Dissertation

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-03-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:35:10Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ferreira_fe_me_sjrp.pdf: 904891 bytes, checksum: 189144772384df69733ce1617b84cb5d (MD5) / De acordo com as atuais diretrizes pertinentes ao ensino de matemática (Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais : Matemática e Proposta Curricular do Estado de São Paulo: Matemática), este trabalho baseia-se na Teoria de Van Hiele, visando a aprendizagem de conceitos geométricos, em particular a aprendizagem de poliedros regulares, através da confecção de dobraduras (origami). Iniciando com uma abordagem histórica sobre poliedro, apresenta orientações para o uso de origami em sala de aula, delineia as principais características da Teoria de Van Hiele, além de retomar os principais conceitos matemáticos associados aos poliedros. Utilizando este arcabouço é proposta uma sequência de atividades de sondagem e aplicação de conceitos geométricos respeitando as fases de aprendizagem de Van Hiele, visando a conclusão por parte do aluno, da existência de apenas cinco poliedros regulares. Após a execução das atividades propostas, as demonstrações dos teoremas relacionados aos poliedros apresentados neste trabalho servirão para a sistematização das conclusões feitas pelos alunos, sempre respeitando o nível de Van Hiele em que se encontrem. Apresenta, ainda, atividades de exploração das características dos poliedros através do Teorema de Euler para poliedros convexos / According to the current guidelines relevant to teaching mathematics (National Curriculum: Mathematics, and Curricular Proposal of the State of São Paulo: Mathematics) this work is based on Van Hiele, and aimed at learning of geometric concepts, particularly learning regular polyhedra, by paperfolding (origami). Starting with a historical approach of polyhedron, this work presents guidelines for the use of origami in the classroom, outlines the main features of the Van Hiele theory, and resume the main mathematical concepts associated with polyhedra. Using this framework, a sequence of activities is proposed and the applying of geometric concepts respecting the learning phases of Van Hiele, which aims deduction by the student, of the existence of only five regular polyhedra. After execution of the proposed activities, the proof of theorems related to polyhedra presented in this paper will serve to systematize the conclusions made by the students, always respecting the level of Van Hiele who are. It presents further exploration of the characteristics of polyhedra by Euler's theorem for convex polyhedra

Orientador: Jamil Viana Pereira / Banca: Thiago de Melo / Banca: Márcio de Jesus Soares / Resumo: Esta dissertação tem por finalidade oferecer um método alternativo para o ensino de Geometria Euclidiana para estudantes dos Ensinos Fundamental e Médio. Este método proporciona: momentos de descontração, melhora da concentração, aprimoramento das funções motoras e da performance dos estudantes, incorporando novos elementos a linguagem formal da Matemática / Abstract: This work aims to offer an alternative method for teaching Euclidean Geometry for Middle and High School students. This method includes: relaxation techniques, enhancement of concentration, improving motor function and academic performance of students, incorporating new elements to the formal language of Mathematics / Mestre

In my thesis I am dealing with the usage of origami at teaching mathematics. In the first chapters I mention a brief history and kinds of creases such as Huzita axioms etc. In the second part I introduce three chapters concerning folding of structures supported by work-sheets at different difficulty levels. The content of these chapters comprises of conic sections and diameters of trapezoids. The last chapters of the thesis are focused on three kinds of folding: Yoshimura, Miura and modular, which are also used in architecture, house design and astronautics.

I den här studien har jag undersökt vilka pedagogiska möjligheter och begränsningar somfinns i att använda pappersteknikerna origami och pappersskärning i bildundervisning pågymnasiet. Frågan har besvarats med hjälp av underfrågorna:Vilka multimodala läroresurser finns att tillgå i ett arbete med teknikerna origami ochpappersskärning?Vilka estetiska lärprocesser går att urskilja i ett gestaltningsarbete i teknikerna origami ochpappersskärning?Syftet med studien har varit att få ökade kunskaper om hur estetiska lärprocesser kringpappersskärning och origami verkar genom att undersöka och definiera teknikernaspedagogiska möjligheter och begränsningar. Jag undersökte inledningsvis origamins ochpappersskärningens historiska bakgrund, och vilka multimodala och digitala resurser somfinns att tillgå i teknikerna. Jag har genomfört arbetet genom en metodkombination: dels enteoretiskt kvalitativ metod för att ge arbetet en akademisk stringens, och dels en konstnärligforskning i en gestaltande process för att möjliggöra reflektioner kring estetiska lärprocesser.Resultatet visar att ett arbete med origami är krävande med avseende på sekventiellt tänkandeoch förmåga att följa instruktioner. Att arbeta i pappersskärning kräver endast direktainstruktioner om syftet är tillämpning i ett specifikt projekt eller material. Tekniken ger godamöjligheter att arbeta i projekt tillsammans med digitala bildframställningsmetoder.

The diploma thesis Geometric constructions by paper folding is focused on the use of paper folding in teaching mathematics. The main part is formed by worksheets, where the paper folding replaces drawing geometric tasks. For verification and practice of geometrical knowledge additional questions to each construction are added. To simplify and unify approach for developing worksheets constructions of basic axioms which enable to construct all the tasks are described.

The master's thesis Teaching geometry at primary school using origami is focused to increasing symmetry knowlidges, especially to reflection symmetry and central symmetry. The thesis contains analysing maths textbooks. It deals with creating worksheets and metodology of them and evaluation of tested worksheets.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-13T14:50:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-03-19Bitstream added on 2014-08-13T17:59:48Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000773293.pdf: 913947 bytes, checksum: fb0d144787f3b41ace2288e4ccd24157 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Esta dissertação tem por finalidade oferecer um método alternativo para o ensino de Geometria Euclidiana para estudantes dos Ensinos Fundamental e Médio. Este método proporciona: momentos de descontração, melhora da concentração, aprimoramento das funções motoras e da performance dos estudantes, incorporando novos elementos a linguagem formal da Matemática / This work aims to offer an alternative method for teaching Euclidean Geometry for Middle and High School students. This method includes: relaxation techniques, enhancement of concentration, improving motor function and academic performance of students, incorporating new elements to the formal language of Mathematics

abstract: DNA and DNA nanoassemblies such as DNA origamis have large potential in biosensing, drug delivery, nanoelectronic circuits, and biological computing requiring suitable methods for migration and precise positioning. Insulator-based dielectrophoresis (iDEP) provides an efficient and matrix-free approach for manipulation of micro-and nanometer-sized objects. In order to exploit iDEP for naturally formed DNA and DNA nanoassemblies, a detailed understanding of the underlying polarization and dielectrophoretic migration is essential. The shape and the counterion distribution are considered two essential factors in the polarization mechanism. Here, the dielectrophoretic behavior of 6-helix bundle (6HxB) and triangle DNA origamis with identical sequences but substantial topological differences was explored. The polarizability models were discussed for the two species according to their structural difference. The experimental observations reveal distinct iDEP trapping behavior in low frequency AC electric fields in addition to numerical simulations showing a considerable contribution of the electrophoretic transport of the DNA origami species in the DEP trapping regions. Furthermore, the polarizabilities of the two species were determined by measuring the migration times through a potential landscape exhibiting dielectrophoretic barriers. The resulting migration times correlate to the depth of the dielectrophoretic potential barrier and the escape characteristics of the DNA origamis according to an adapted Kramer’s rate model. The orientations of both species in the escape process were studied. Finally, to study the counterion distribution around the DNA molecules, both λ-DNA and 6HxB DNA were used in a phosphate buffer containing magnesium, revealing distinctive negative dielectrophoretic trapping behavior as opposed to positive trapping in a sodium/potassium phosphate buffer system. / Dissertation/Thesis / Presentation for Lin Gan's thesis defense (orginally in pptx exported in PDF) / Doctoral Dissertation Chemistry 2015

abstract: There are many biological questions that require single-cell analysis of gene sequences, including analysis of clonally distributed dimeric immunoreceptors on lymphocytes (T cells and B cells) and/or the accumulation of driver/accessory mutations in polyclonal tumors. Lysis of bulk cell populations results in mixing of gene sequences, making it impossible to know which pairs of gene sequences originated from any particular cell and obfuscating analysis of rare sequences within large populations. Although current single-cell sorting technologies can be used to address some of these questions, such approaches are expensive, require specialized equipment, and lack the necessary high-throughput capacity for comprehensive analysis. Water-in-oil emulsion approaches for single cell sorting have been developed but droplet-based single-cell lysis and analysis have proven inefficient and yield high rates of false pairings. Ideally, molecular approaches for linking gene sequences from individual cells could be coupled with next-generation high-throughput sequencing to overcome these obstacles, but conventional approaches for linking gene sequences, such as by transfection with bridging oligonucleotides, result in activation of cellular nucleases that destroy the template, precluding this strategy. Recent advances in the synthesis and fabrication of modular deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) origami nanostructures have resulted in new possibilities for addressing many current and long-standing scientific and technical challenges in biology and medicine. One exciting application of DNA nanotechnology is the intracellular capture, barcode linkage, and subsequent sequence analysis of multiple messenger RNA (mRNA) targets from individual cells within heterogeneous cell populations. DNA nanostructures can be transfected into individual cells to capture and protect mRNA for specific expressed genes, and incorporation of origami-specific bowtie-barcodes into the origami nanostructure facilitates pairing and analysis of mRNA from individual cells by high-throughput next-generation sequencing. This approach is highly modular and can be adapted to virtually any two (and possibly more) gene target sequences, and therefore has a wide range of potential applications for analysis of diverse cell populations such as understanding the relationship between different immune cell populations, development of novel immunotherapeutic antibodies, or improving the diagnosis or treatment for a wide variety of cancers. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Microbiology 2017