Thesis (doctoral)--Georg-Augusts-Universität, Göttingen, 1904. / "Inaugural Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Hohen Philosophischen Fakultät der Georg-Augusts-Universität zu Göttingen." Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Depuis les années 80, la qualification des produits d’origine est devenue un élément important dans le modèle agricole européen avec le système des indications géographiques (IG), auquel s'ajoutent des systèmes promus par des organisations non gouvernementales, comme les projets Sentinelles de Slow Food. Ces initiatives publiques ou privées, ici appelées Systèmes de Valorisation de l’Origine (SVO), génèrent d’importants résultats environnementaux, sociaux et culturels, en plus d’une valeur marchande.Les décideurs politiques et la société civile s’intéressent de plus en plus aux effets des SVO sur la biodiversité, qualifiée ici de biodiversité culturelle pour souligner la pertinence accordée aux pratiques et aux connaissances locales. Or, ces effets sont encore mal connus. Cette thèse entend y contribuer en explorant l’écart entre les discours, c’est-à-dire les objectifs politiques, les connaissances systématisées et les narratives qui sous-tendent le développement des SVO, et les pratiques locales (explicites et implicites). Elle traite donc les questions de recherche suivantes : quelles sont les institutions et les logiques qui inspirent la définition et la pratique de la biodiversité culturelle ? Comment la codification des connaissances et des pratiques est-elle réalisée et comment les règles sont-elles appliquées ? Dans quelle mesure les savoirs sont-ils modifiés et re-créés ?L’analyse repose sur quatre études de cas représentées par quatre fromages de montagne sous appellation (IG) et/ou objet d’une Sentinelle Slow Food, en France (fromage d’estive du Béarn et Ossau-Iraty), en Italie (Piacentinu Ennese) et au Maroc (fromage de chèvre de Chefchaouen). La démarche de recherche a privilégié l’analyse des discours institutionnels et des cahiers des charges, des enquêtes ethnographiques multi-sites sur 24 mois, l’observation participante et « l’apprentissage » pour décrypter les pratiques locales.L’analyse des discours institutionnels sur la microbiodiversité fromagère montre que les promoteurs des SVO ont intégré la biodiversité culturelle dans leurs stratégies à différents moments et degrés. En dépit des limitations dues au rôle prépondérant du marché, la médiatisation d’un discours sur la biodiversité culturelle peut amplifier la voix politique des acteurs locaux et favoriser les relations communautaires.Résultat de négociations entre les parties prenantes qui présentent des différentes motivations, stratégies et formes de connaissance, les cahiers des charges sont des objets privilégiés pour étudier les effets des SIO. Les cahiers des charges étudiés préservent directement certaines ressources génétiques, goûts et savoirs-faire, comme la pratique de la transhumance et la production quotidienne de fromage en montage, dans la Sentinelle béarnaise. Mais néanmoins, le processus de codification aboutit toujours à l’adaptation et à la réduction de la diversité existante, y compris au sein des SVO les plus orientés vers la localisation des pratiques et la promotion de la diversité des goûts, comme observé au sujet de la réduction des temps d’affinage traditionnels dans le Piacentinu Ennese.Cependant, les connaissances et les pratiques relatives à la biodiversité culturelle sont dynamiques. Les parties prenantes des SVO interagissent dans un processus d'apprentissage, en utilisant des connaissances codifiées et tacites comme outils pour façonner une communauté. Cet apprentissage dépasse les frontières du système de gestion et englobe également les consommateurs et les producteurs qui n’appartiennent pas au SVO, dans le cadre de pratiques partagées. Le cas marocain, par exemple, montre la recréation de pratiques engendrées par une IG qui limite particulièrement la tradition. Le décalage entre ce qui est codifié et ce qui est fait conduit à une redéfinition dynamique des pratiques et des communautés. / Origin food qualification has emerged as a new institutional tendency from the 80s, becoming a relevant asset in the European model of agriculture with the Geographical Indication (GI) system. Place-based labelling led by non-governmental organisations are also multiplying, such as the Presidia projects developed by the Slow Food movement. These public or private initiatives, referred as Origin Food Schemes (OFS), generate significant environmental, social, and cultural outputs, besides producing market value. For these reasons, OFS are also becoming economically and politically relevant in the Global South.In particular, policy makers and social movements have increasingly looked at the effects of OFS on biodiversity, referred to here as cultural biodiversity to underline the relevance given to practices and local knowledge. Considering the gap in knowledge regarding the bio-cultural outcomes of different OFS, this Thesis asks which are the gaps between discourses, understood as policies, systems of knowledge, and communication tools, and both explicit and implicit practices conveyed by OFS as for cultural biodiversity. The Thesis presents the following sub-research questions: Which are the institutions and logics that determine the definition and practices related to cultural biodiversity? How are knowledge and practices codified and, then, are rules applied? To what extent are codified and tacit knowledge and practices modified and re-created within OFS?Four origin cheeses recognized as a GI and/or a Presidium and located in France, Italy and Morocco were selected as case studies and addressed with 24 month-multisite ethnographic enquiries, privileging participant observation and apprenticeship as a research tool to study the embodied and experientially grounded practices.The example of the management of cheese microbiodiversity shows that the Slow Food movement and GI promoters have integrated cultural biodiversity into their institutional discourses in different times and to different extents. Despite limitations due to the prominent role of the market, a mediatized institutional narrative on cultural biodiversity can amplify the political voice of local actors by fostering community and social relationships.The analysis of specifications – privileged places to study the effects of OFS – demonstrates that OFS differently take into account traditional practices of production, following stakeholders’ negotiations that oppose motives, strategies, and forms of knowledge. Although specifications directly preserve some genetic resources, taste, and know-how, paradoxically their codification always results in adapting and reducing existing diversity, including in the OFS that are more oriented to localise practices and promote diversity of tastes.Nevertheless, food knowledge and practices are dynamic. OFS stakeholders interact in a learning process, using codified and tacit knowledge as tools to shape communities of practice. This learning process surpasses the border of the OFS governing body and encompasses also consumers and producers who do not belong to the scheme into joint practices. The gap between what is codified and what is done leads to a dynamic redefinition of both practices and communities.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:14:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Aida Franco de Lima.pdf: 2826685 bytes, checksum: 6cd34ef59ab8cd9bb152693c4802c9c8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research focuses on advertising related to animal origin food, credit cards/ consigned credit and the agrochemical sector, this last according to the so-called Agrinho program. Our purpose is to discuss how violence, consumerism and the lack of communication interconnect by means of themes exemplified from advertisements that have appeared in different periods and were displayed until 2014. Despite the apparent disparity from different contexts of production, our research selection has in common the presence of contents oriented to the consumption by children and an elderly public, even stimulating adhesion and sympathy in consumers. We worked from the hypothesis that media and advertising mechanisms adopted by the above-mentioned sectors accomplish a kind of "asepsis", that is, they detach the end products of their origins and processing. We argue that advertising in print newspapers, websites and television impacts the audience once they reveal the backstage of several advertising strategies. As main concepts we used non-communication , this one triggered by the excessive load of images conveyed by different media; "iconophagy", in which the images and bodies take turns in a devouring act in an environment encompassed by images; and "violence", this last allocated in seemingly innocuous contexts. Regarding our methodology, we studied comparatively concepts about the media universe, the images and the mechanisms of consumerism, confronting the selected ads when appropriated. As for our theoretical framework we had the support of Günter Anders, Norval Baitello Jr., Vilém Flusser, Malena Contrera Segura, Martin Lindstrom, Peter Singer, Sonia Terezinha Felipe, Carol J. Adams works, among others / A presente pesquisa aborda a publicidade relativa a alimentos animalizados, cartões de crédito/crédito consignado e ao setor agroquímico, no contexto do Programa Agrinho, discutindo a maneira como a violência, o consumismo e a incomunicação se interconectam. As temáticas abordadas são exemplificadas a partir de peças publicitárias que emergiram em períodos diferenciados, mas que continuam exibidas até 2014. Apesar da aparente disparidade, com contextos de produção diferenciados, o recorte tem em comum o fato de os conteúdos serem destinados ao consumo entre o público infantil e idoso, promovendo, inclusive, adesão e simpatia de parte do público. Movemo-nos pela hipótese de que os mecanismos midiáticos e publicitários adotados pelos setores em tela operam uma assepsia , isto é, desvinculam os produtos finais de suas origens e de seu processamento. Defendemos que a criação das emissões midiáticas de matriz publicitária em jornais impressos, televisão e sites impacta o público quando se revelam os bastidores dos empreendimentos em questão. Utilizamos como conceitos principais a incomunicação , motivada justamente pela carga excessiva de imagens veiculadas pelas mais variadas mídias; iconofagia , situação em que as imagens e corpos revezam-se no ato de devoração em um ambiente tomado por imagens; e a violência , alocada em contextos aparentemente inofensivos. Em relação à metodologia utilizada, estudamos comparativamente conceitos acerca do universo midiático, das imagens e dos mecanismos de consumo, colocando, quando necessário, as publicidades do recorte também em confronto. Como parte de nosso arcabouço teórico sustentamo-nos em estudos de Günter Anders, Norval Baitello Jr., Vilém Flusser, Malena Contrera Segura, Martin Lindstrom, Peter Singer, Sonia Terezinha Felipe, Carol J. Adams, entre outros

Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Queensland, 2002. / Includes bibliography.