Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The force-moment systems of orthodontic T-loops have been widely described and investigated. A simpler triangular loop spring design has been employed in the graduate orthodontic clinic at Indiana University School of Dentistry. To date, no investigators have specifically examined and compared the force systems generated by these two loop configurations. The objective of this study was to compare the force systems generated by a T-loop and two different geometric shapes of triangular loops. A sample of 20 T-loops and 40 triangular loop springs were studied. The triangular loops were constructed in two different geometric configurations (n = 20 in each group) utilizing the same linear amount of wire as used in the T-loop fabrication. One set of triangular loops was the same height as the T-loop (isosceles shape); the other set was the same width as the T-loop (equilateral shape). Force and moment components along three mutually perpendicular axes (x, y, and z) were analyzed, with particular emphasis on the force system generated in the sagittal plane. The force-moment systems generated upon mesio-distal (x axis) activation were measured by a transducer connected to a computer for data collection and analysis. Statistical analysis utilized repeated measures of variance models (ANOVA). Multiple comparisons were made using Fisher's Protected Least Significant Differences at a 95-percent overall confidence level. On initial ligation, there were no significant differences between the loops in the M/F ratios in the sagittal plane (p = 0.75). For all other activation distances, the equilateral triangular loops produced greater M/F ratios than both the isosceles and T-loops (p = 0.0001), and the isosceles triangular loops generated greater M/F ratios than the T-loops (p < 0.0035).

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / New products are frequently developed for bonding brackets. This continuum brings about incessant studies attempting to prove or disprove their value. The need to compare the results of bond failure studies is made difficult if not impossible by the variation of published testing methods. The purpose of this study is to compare the differential effects of thermocycling, as a lab protocol, on three debonding techniques, shear-peel, tension, and torsion when using a traditional orthodontic resin adhesive. A standard orthodontic resin, Transbond™ XT (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA) was used to bond 102 flattened 0.018-inch stainless steel brackets (3M Unitek) to flattened bovine incisors. Two step acid etching and priming (37 % phosphoric acid gel and Transbond MIP Primer, 3M Unitek) was used to prepare the enamel for bonding. During bonding, the resin thickness was held consistent. The bonding was accomplished under controlled temperature and humidity. Half of the samples were thermocycled prior to debonding. The samples were debonded in shear-peel, tension, and torsion. The data showed no significant differences between thermocycling and nonthermocycling in shear-peel or torsion, but in tension the thermocycling group had a statistically significant higher failure load. Overall, was a trend toward increased bond strength in the thermocycled group. The increase is likely the result of continued polymerization during thermocycling. The statistical difference that is noted in tension is thought to be due to the location of the highest stress being in the center of the resin pad. This would be the location of the least initial polymerization. The use of thermocycling as a lab protocol during bracket failure studies in shear-peel and torsion is not necessary when using traditional orthodontic resin.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The search for an orthodontic bonding adhesive that has chemical adhesion to enamel and releases fluoride into the oral environment has led to experimentation with glass ionomer cements. This study compared the tensile bond strength of eight different orthodontic bracket base designs in vitro and assessed the amount of adhesive remaining on the bracket pad after debonding. Each bracket base design included in this study had unique characteristics warranting their inclusion. The groups contained brackets with 60, 80, and 100 gauge mesh pads; 100 gauge mesh sandblasted pads; perforated metal bases; Micro-Lock™ photo-etched bases; Dyna-Lock™ integral bracket/bases; and ceramic silane-coated bracket pads. Groups contained 20 to 22 specimens that were bonded to bovine incisor teeth embedded in a self-curing acrylic block that could be held in the testing machine. Pre-encapsulated glass ionomer cement (Ketac-Fil™) was the experimental adhesive. The adhesive was mixed according to the manufacturer's instructions in a dental amalgamator. The specimens were thermocycled between water oaths of 15°C and 55°C. The specimens spent 30 seconds in each bath for a total of 2,500 cycles and were stored in a humidor until debonding. After 14 days, the specimens were subjected to a tensile force using an Instron mechanical testing machine until failure occurred. The Micro-Loc™ photo-etched base had significantly higher mean tensile bond strength (p<0.05) than all other brackets tested. The ceramic brackets were unable to be tested due to the extremely weak bond strength which did not allow preparation of the samples for debonding. Following debonding, the percentage of adhesive remaining attached to the bracket base was determined using a grid in the ocular of a light microscope. In general, the site of bond failure involved the base/adhesive interface. The Dyna-Lock™ integral bracket/base and 80 gauge mesh base had a greater mean percent of adhesive remaining attached to the base. (Dyna-Lock™ 45 percent and 80 gauge mesh 43 percent vs. all other < 20 percent.) The results indicate that the bracket base design can influence the bond strength when GIC is used as an orthodontic adhesive and suggests that development of GIC with increased fracture toughness might increase bond strength.

SAMMANFATTNING Syfte: Syftet med studien var att granska periapikala intraorala röntgenbilder avseende extern apikal rotresorption på överkäkens incisiver, före och efter retentionsbehandling med avtagbar retentionsapparatur. Syftet var också att registrera intra och inter-observatör överrensstämmelse vid bedömning av rotresorption. Metod: Studien utfördes som en randomiserad klinisk prövning. Patientmaterialet omfattade75 patienter och insamlades på specialistkliniken för ortodonti i Ystad, Sverige. Patienterna behandlades för trångställning mellan år 2001-2007 och behandlingen involverade extraktion av fyra pre-molarer följt av fast ortodontisk apparatur i båda käkarna. Patienterna randomiserades till tre olika retentionsgrupper för retentionsbehandlingen (25 patienter i varje grupp). Intraorala periapikala röntgenbilder togs i överkäksfronten före ortodontiska behandlingens start (T0), vid retentionsbehandlingens start (T2) samt efter retention (T2.1). Genom observation av intraorala periapikala röntgenbilder angavs ett index (0-4) för rotresorptionen för respektive överkäksincisiv. Fyra observatörer granskade var för sig samtliga röntgenbilder, och vid ett senare tillfälle granskades 20 stycken slumpvis utvalda bilder. Resultat: Studien visar att rotresorption förekommer under den ortodontiska behandlingen med fast apparatur och signifikanta skillnader i rotresorption registrerades av två av fyra observatörer under retentionsbehandlingen (p<0.05). Inter-observatörs överrensstämmelsen var generellt låg, medan intra-observatör överrensstämmelsen var något högre. Konklusion: Enligt denna studie förekommer rotresorption under den ortodontiska behandlingen med fast apparatur, och till viss del även under retentionsperioden med avtagbar apparatur. / ABSTRACTAim: The overall aim of the study was to register external apical root resorption in maxillary incisors before and after retention phase with removable appliance. A secondary aim was to register intra- and inter-observer agreement during the assessment of root resorption. Method: The study was carried out as a randomized clinical trial. The patient sample consisted of 75 patients with dental crowding that were treated at specialist orthodontic clinic in Ystad, Sweden. The patients were treated between year 2001-2007 and the treatment involved extraction of four premolars followed by fixed appliance in both jaws. The patients were randomized into three retention groups with 25 patients in each group. Intraoral periapical radiographs were taken on maxillary incisors before orthodontic treatment (T0), before start of retention phase (T2) and after retention (T2.1). An index ranging from 0-4 was used to assess root resorption for each maxillary incisor. At the first assessment, four observers individually analyzed all radiographs. 20 patients were randomly selected for a second assessment. Results: The study shows that root resorption occur during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliance (p<0.05). Statistical significant root resorption occurred during the retention period according to two of four observers. The inter-observer agreement was generally low, while the intra-observer agreement was higher. Conclusion: According to this study, root resorption occurs during fixed orthodontic treatment and to some extent during the retention period with removable appliances.

Objectives: While bracket debonding has been explored through shear bond-strength tests with debonding linked to the type of material used, the technique of adhesive application, and contamination, the contribution of internal voids in orthodontic adhesives is unknown. Voids may result in fracture or bond-failure, either within the adhesive or at the tooth-adhesive-bracket interfaces. The aim of this thesis is to quantify the internal volumetric voids and bonding strength of three generations of bracket adhesives. Methods: Extracted third molars were bonded with three groups of orthodontic brackets including conventionally-pasted (CP), pre-coated (PC), or pre-coated flash-free (FF) (n=5 per group). The three-dimensional internal structure of the adhesive was evaluated with Micro Computed Tomography (micro-CT) using the Skyscan micro-CT (maximum resolution of 5 microns). Data from the micro-CT were analyzed with SkyScan software to perform 3D reconstructions, image processing, and qualitative and quantitative analysis of the adhesive’s structure. The amount of void was determined by measuring the percentage of voids at the bonded interfaces (Vint) and within the adhesive (Vbulk). The total amount of void was also calculated (Vtot= Vint+ Vbulk). Differences in void between the groups were assessed using one-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey tests (α=0.05). The bonding strength of the three adhesives systems was evaluated via shear bond strength tests. Results: Our void quantification results showed that FF brackets had a statistically higher (p0.05) for any the analyzed locations (Vint, Vbulk). Our results indicate the majority of voids were found at bonded interfaces (Vint) compared to within the bulk (Vbulk) for all three groups, with statistically significant (p&lt;0.05) differences for CP and FF. Our bonding strength evaluation revealed the pre-coated group (PC) to have on average the highest bond strength compared to conventionally-pasted (CP) and pre-coated flash-free (FF) groups. Conclusions: The overall amount of void in the pre-coated flash-free adhesive brackets is significantly higher compared to conventionally-pasted and pre-coated groups. The majority of the void was identified to be located at the bonded interfaces (tooth/adhesive and bracket/adhesive) rather than within the bulk of the adhesive for all groups. Our bonding strength results indicate the pre-coated brackets to have the highest bond strength compared to pre-coated flash-free and conventionally-pasted. Our preliminary set of results indicate an inverse relationship between bonding strength and amount of void of brackets adhesives, with the pre-coated exhibiting the highest bond strength and least void. However, due to a limited sample size additional data are needed to validate these conclusions and find solid relationships between adhesive voids and bonding strength. / Oral Biology

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-24T19:22:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sindianara de Fatima.pdf: 661317 bytes, checksum: f3105a0fb63a1875c4e8df93076b6374 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-31 / This in vitro study was conducted to evaluate the Vickers Hardness (HV), the shear bond strength (RA) and adhesive remnant index of orthodontic resins. A total of 60 premolars extracted for orthodontic indications were divided into tree groups, with 20 specimens (CP) for each group: COI – Concise Orthodontic (CO), TB – Transbond XT (TB), AQ – Aqualite (AQ). All specimens were stored in distilled water at room temperature for 24 hours and were subjected to testing after mechanical shearing with occluso-gingival direction, in a universal testing machine SHIMADZU, with a crosshead speed of 0,5 mm/min. The results were evaluated by ANOVA, and showed RA mean 18.21 ± 6.21 MPa for GI (CO), 25.02 ± 9.29 MPa to the GII (TB) and 14.31± 8.25 MPa for GIII (AQ). The analysis of variance determined statistical difference between groups p<0,05 and statistical difference between groups p<0,05 AQ/TB, CO/TB and no statistically significant difference between AQ/CO. The results for HV test were performed by the D’Agostino Pearson and ANOVA with criterion or one-way ANOVA and Tuckey post-test results with p<0,05. For evaluation of IAR test was used nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis followed by Dunn’s test results with p<0,05.The study showed statistically significant differences between groups of orthodontic resins investigated. / Este estudo in vitro foi conduzido para avaliar a Dureza Vickers (HV), a Resistência Adesiva (RA) e o Índice de Adesivo Remanescente de Resinas Ortodônticas. As resinas utilizadas foram divididas em 3 grupos: Concise Ortodôntico (CO), Transbond XT (TB) e Aqualite (AQ). Para a análise da Dureza Vickers (HV) foram confeccionados 30 corpos de prova em matrizes metálicas pré-fabricadas com diâmetro de 0,5 mm e 0,2 mm de espessura. Os valores de HV foram CO = 43,29 ± 1,66, TB = 43,69 ± 1.37 e AQ = 43,51 ± 1,30. Os resultados para HV, foram analisados pelo teste D’ Agostino e Pearson e teste ANOVA one-way e pós-teste de Tuckey, onde não foram encontradas diferença estatística siginificativa. Para a resistência adesiva foram utilizados 60 pré-molares e confeccionados corpos-deprova (CP), os quais foram divididos em 3 grupos (n= 20) para a colagem de braquetes metálicos com as resinas Concise Ortodôntico (CO), Transbond XT (TB) e Aqualite (AQ). Os corpos-de-prova (CP) foram submetidos aos ensaios mecânicos de cisalhamento, com direção ocluso-cervical, em máquina de ensaio universal SHIMADZU, com velocidade de carga de 0,5 mm/min. A avaliação dos resultados do cisalhamento foram analisados pelo teste de variância ANOVA, e mostraram resistências adesivas (RA) médias de 18,21 ± 6,21 MPa para (CO) – 25,02 ± 9,29 MPa, para (TB) – e 14,31 ± 8,25 MPa para (AQ). A Análise de Variância determinou haver diferença estatística entre os grupos de p<0,05 e diferença estatística intergrupos de p<0,05 entre AQ/TB, CO/TB e sem diferença estatística significante entre AQ/CO.. Para avaliação do IAR utilizou-se o teste não paramétrico de Kruskal- Wallis, seguido do teste de Dunn, com resultado de p<0,05. O estudo demonstrou não haver diferença estatística significante entre os grupos AQ/TB e CO/TB. Para a RA e o IAR não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas significantes entre as resinas ortodônticas pesquisados.

Orientador: Luis Gonzaga Gandini Junior / Resumo: Os fechamentos dos espaços das extrações pode ser realizados utilizando duas técnicas principais: retração em massa (RM) ou retração em duas etapas (RDE). Os objetivos principais destes estudos foram avaliar a retração dos incisivos, as mudanças nos tecidos moles e o tempo de retração entre RM e RDE; bem como as taxas de movimentação dos caninos e molares superiores durante a primeira etapa de fechamentos dos espaços utilizando a RDE. A amostra foi composta por modelos, telerradiografias cefalométricas em norma lateral e oblíqua de 45º obtidos antes e durante o tratamento ortodôntico de 48 pacientes biprotrusos cujo os tratamentos foram realizados com extrações de quatro primeiros pré-molares. Todos os pacientes da amostra haviam sido alocados aleatoriamente para o grupo de tratamento utilizando RM (n = 24) ou RDE (n = 24). A retração dos incisivos e as alterações nos tecidos moles foram avaliadas por meio de radiografias cefalométricas em norma lateral do pré-tratamento (T1) e pós-tratamento (T2). Para análise do tempo de retração, o tamanho dos pré-molares foram medidos nos modelos e os dados, referentes ao atendimento clínico, foram coletados dos prontuários nos seguintes tempos: data do início da retração (T1) e data do término do fechamento de espaço (T2). Os movimentos dos caninos e molares superiores foram analisados através das radiografias cefalométricas oblíquas em 45º obtidas antes da retração (T0) e durante o tempo de fechamento dos espaços das extrações: 1º (T1),... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The extraction space closing can be performed using two main retraction techniques: en masse retraction (ER) or two-step retraction (TSR). The main objectives of these studies were to evaluate incisor retraction, soft tissue changes and retraction time between ER and TSR; as well as the movement rates of the maxillary canines and molars during the first step of space closing using the TSR. The sample consisted of models, lateral and oblique cephalometric radiographs at 45º obtained before and during the orthodontic treatment of 48 adult patients with bimaxillary protrusion whose treatments were performed with extractions of four first premolars. All patients had been randomly allocated to either ER (n=24) group or TSR (n=24) group. Both incisor retraction and soft tissue changes were evaluated using pretreatment (T1) and posttreatment (T2) lateral cephalometric radiographs. To analyze the retraction time, the size of the premolars were measured in the models and data were collected from the clinical records in the following times: retraction start date (T1) and space closure completion date (T2). Both maxillary canine and molar movements were analyzed by oblique cephalometric radiographs at 45º taken before the retraction (T0) and during the follow-up of extraction space closing time: on the 1st (T1), 3rd (T3), 5th (T5) and 7th (T7) month. The principal investigator traced, superimposed and digitized all cephalograms from the lateral and oblique cephalometric radiographs at 4... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Darbo tikslas - ištirti ortodontinių anomalijų paplitimą, gydymo reikalingumą bei gydymo poreikį tarp Lietuvos moksleivių. Tikslui pasiekti iškelti šie uždaviniai: 1) nustatyti ortodontinių anomalijų paplitimą tarp 10–11 m. ir 14–15 m. amžiaus Lietuvos moksleivių; 2) įvertinti ir palyginti ortodontinių anomalijų gydymo reikalingumą tarp 10–11 m. ir 14–15 m. Lietuvos moksleivių; 3) ištirti Lietuvos moksleivių požiūrį į ortodontinių anomalijų gydymo poreikį; 4) nustatyti moksleivių ortodontinių anomalijų gydymo poreikio sąsajas su demografiniais ir socialiniais veiksniais. Tyrimas atliktas dešimtyje Lietuvos apskričių, 41 atsitiktinai pasirinktoje mokykloje. Tyrimo metu nustatytas dantų susigrūdimas, tarpai tarp dantų, gilus ir kryžminis sąkandis, pirmųjų krūminių dantų tarpusavio santykis pagal Angle klasifikaciją, gydymo reikalingumui nustatyti naudotas ICON indeksas, o gydymo poreikiui bei sąsajoms su socialinias veiksniais - klausimynas. Ortodontinės anomalijos nustatytos 77 proc. 10–11 m. amžiaus ir 61,7 proc. 14–15 m. amžiaus tirtųjų moksleivių. Ortodontinis gydymas reikalingas beveik pusei jaunesniojo amžiaus ir kas trečiam vyresniojo amžiaus moksleiviui, o ortodontinio gydymo poreikis buvo panašus abiejose amžiaus grupėse. / The aim of this study was to assess the malocclusion prevalence, orthodontic treatment need and demand among Lithuanian schoolchildren. The objectives of the study: 1) to describe the malocclusion prevalence among Lithuanian schoolchildren in 10–11 and 14–15-year old age groups; 2) to evaluate the need for orthodontic treatment among 10–11, 14–15 year-old schoolchildren in Lithuania using the ICON index; 3) to investigate the association between normative (objective) and self-perceived (subjective) orthodontic treatment need; 4) to assess the associations of age, gender, and socioeconomic factors with dental appearance satisfaction and demand for orthodontic treatment. The survey was conducted in 41 randomly selected schools in 10 counties of Lithuania. The study recorded crowding, spacing, overbite, crossbite, relationship of the first upper and lower molars according to Angle’s classification, the orthodontic treatment need was assessed using the ICON index and the children were also invited to complete a questionnaire about treatment need and their appearance. The results showed that 77% of 10–11-year-old and 61.7% of 14–15-year-old schoolchildren had malocclusion. The treatment need among younger schoolchildren was higher than in older group. The subjective demand for orthodontic treatment among 10–11-year-old schoolchildren and 14–15-year-old schoolchildren was similar.

In order to obtain perspectives of Canadian dentists on the quality of the undergraduate education received in orthodontics and the extent of orthodontic services provided, a descriptive survey was constructed. Methods An anonymous, web-based survey was created using Survey Monkey® (Palo Alto, USA), and distributed to registered dentists in Canada via links in newsletters and mass emails. Results There were 427 respondents. Results showed that 71% of dentists provide some orthodontic treatment, and 33% of them offered only space maintainers. A total of 23% treated most of their patients requiring interceptive treatment, compared to 15% for those requiring comprehensive treatment. A driving time greater than 1 hour to the closest orthodontist resulted in a 16% increase in the provision of orthodontic treatment by the general dentists. The undergraduate orthodontic education was deemed above average by 21.4% to 50.5% of the respondents. Conclusions The percentage of dentists currently providing orthodontic services to their patients is similar to previous reports. A driving time of more than 1 hour is an influencing factor on the provision of orthodontic treatment by Canadian general dentists. The quality of undergraduate orthodontic education provided has improved over the last 25 years, although some amelioration may be beneficial.

The integrity of enamel has attracted attention of researches. Structural modifications could lead to higher bacterial retention and light reflection changes, and there the need to restore dental enamel to conditions closer to its initial state after bonding and debonding orthodontic procedures. The aim of this work was to determine and compare roughness parameters and appearance of the enamel after remnant adhesive removal, and evaluate time required for the different methods. Sixty one healthy human premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons were used, and 60 of them were examined with a profilometry analysis of surface roughness into two axes, horizontal (X) and vertical (Y). Performed this step, the specimens were submitted to bracket bonding procedure with phosphoric acid conditioning, washed and dried, a thin layer of adhesive system and light curing. After bracket debonding the specimens were randomly divided by removal method into: group 1 (control) - tungsten carbide tip (5 blades), at high speed, group 2 - tungsten carbide tip (30 blades), at high speed, and group 3 - a diamond chemical vapor deposition with ultrasound. The removal time of each remnant was recorded in seconds, and all procedure occurred under light reflector, simulating the clinical management. Thus, the samples were again submitted to profilometry analysis. Two images were obtained with 20x and 100x increase in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of one specimen per group, chosen randomly, and one specimen that had not had its roughness evaluated, forming the Healthy group. The images were scored by two calibrated observers, such as: score 0 - perfect surface, score 1 - acceptable surface, score 2 - imperfect surface, and score 3 - unacceptable surface. Comparing roughness with intact enamel, generally, in X axis, all roughness parameters increased after the three methods, with exception of Rku and Rsk parameters. And generally, in Y axis, Ra, Rz, and Rz parameters decreased after removal in groups 1 and 2 and increased after group 3. Comparing each group after removal, in X axis, the first group showed the lowest roughness values and group 3 the largest and, in Y axis, the second group had the lowest values of Ra, Rq and Rz and group 3 the lowest values of Rku and Rsk parameters. The images were classified as Healthy Group - score 0, Group 1 - score 1, Group 2 - score 2 and Group 3 score 3. A significant increase in time removal occurred in group 1 relative to group 3. Thus, no cleanup procedures restore the enamel roughness to its original surface in all groups. The slowest procedure was performed with tungsten carbide 5 blades group. / A integridade do esmalte tem atraído a atenção de pesquisas, pois sua modificação poderá gerar maior retenção bacteriana e alterar a reflexão luminosa do esmalte, além de haver a necessidade de restituir o esmalte dentário às condições mais próximas ao seu estado inicial, após os procedimentos de colagem e descolagem ortodôntica. Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar e comparar os parâmetros de rugosidade e aspecto do esmalte dentário após a remoção do remanescente resinoso, e do tempo despendido pelos diferentes métodos. Para isso, foram utilizados 61 pré-molares humanos hígidos, extraídos por razões ortodônticas, sendo que 60 pré-molares foram submetidos à análise prévia de rugosidade por perfilometria de superfície em dois eixos, horizontal (X) e vertical (Y). Realizada esta etapa, os espécimes foram submetidos aos procedimentos de colagem de bráquetes com condicionamento ácido, lavagem e secagem, aplicação de adesivo e fotoativação. Após a descolagem dos bráquetes, os espécimes foram divididos quanto ao método de remoção do remanescente residual em: grupo 1 (controle) ponta de carboneto de tungstênio (5 lâminas), em alta rotação; grupo 2 ponta de carboneto de tungstênio (30 lâminas), em alta rotação; e, grupo 3 ponta diamantada por deposição química, em ultrassom. O tempo de remoção de cada remanescente foi registrado, em segundos, para posterior comparação até a sua completa remoção, que ocorreu sob luz de refletor odontológico, simulando a conduta clínica. Após, os corpos de prova foram novamente submetidos à análise perfilométrica para obtenção de diferentes parâmetros de rugosidade do esmalte dentário. Foram obtidas duas imagens, com aumento de 20x e 100x em microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), de um espécime por grupo, escolhido aleatoriamente, e mais um espécime que não teve a sua rugosidade avaliada, formando o grupo Hígido. As imagens foram classificadas, por dois observadores calibrados, como: escore 0 superfície perfeita; escore 1 superfície aceitável; escore 2 superfície imperfeita; e escore 3 superfície inaceitável. Foi encontrado no eixo X, aumento da rugosidade após os 3 métodos testados, com exceção do parâmetro Rsk. No eixo Y, houve diminuição da rugosidade nos grupos 1 e 2, com exceção dos parâmetros Rku e Rsk e no grupo 3 houve aumentou da rugosidade, com exceção do parâmetro Rsk. No eixo X, o grupo 1 apresentou os menores valores de rugosidade e o grupo 3, os maiores e no eixo Y, o grupo 2 apresentou os menores valores de rugosidade nos parâmetros Ra, Rq e Rz e o grupo 3 os menores valores nos parâmetros Rku e Rsk. As imagens foram classificadas como: Grupo Hígido escore 0; Grupo 1 escore 1; Grupo 2 escore 2; Grupo 3 escore 3. Houve aumento significativo no tempo de remoção do grupo 1 em relação ao grupo 3. Dessa maneira, não houve restituição das condições originais do esmalte após a remoção do remanescente resinoso em todos os grupos e o grupo 1 apresentou aumento no tempo de remoção do remanescente resinoso.