Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Literatura mención Literatura Chilena e Hispanoamericana.

Uno de los principales problemas de la ciudad de Chiclayo y sus distritos es el sistema de transporte, tanto público como privado. José Leonardo Ortiz uno de los distritos más importantes de Chiclayo, cuenta con el Mercado Moshoqueque, donde a sus alrededores fácilmente podemos apreciar el congestionamiento vehicular que hay en sus calles, que se ve agravada por la falta de implementación de estrategias que ayuden a mitigar el problema, por el crecimiento demográfico que existe, por la necesidad de transportarse y por la nulidad de estacionamientos adecuados para la carga y descarga de camiones pesados que llegan a dicho establecimiento a abastecer de productos de primera necesidad. Además, podemos agregar factores como falta de mantenimiento de las vías, falta de educación vial, crecimiento del parque automotor, informalidad, entre otras. Se evaluó el sistema de transporte en 9 intersecciones de la zona de estudio, enfocado en la pregunta: ¿Cuál es el nivel de congestionamiento en las calles y avenidas que están alrededor del mercado Moshoqueque?, mediante la cual se ha planteado la hipótesis que el nivel de congestionamiento en la zona es alto, por ende, la presente investigación tiene por objetivo principal, mejorar la circulación vehicular en las calles y avenidas que abarcan el 1° sector del mercado Moshoqueque presentando propuestas viables (técnicas y sociales), que ayuden a menguar el problema mediante una evaluación previa de la congestión vehicular ocasionada en los puntos críticos de la zona de estudio. Además, que se use posteriormente como referencia para la elaboración de un estudio global del distrito de José Leonardo Ortiz.

En la actualidad lo que se busca, es el planteamiento urbano de las ciudades que a lo largo de su historia se vean bien planeadas y organizadas, con el objetivo de aprovechar al máximo los instrumentos de planeación para el ordenamiento territorial. Sin embargo, no existe una única estructura de orden que se adapte al contexto. En el fenómeno de la expansión urbana, de un modo, se origina un trazo interrumpido con una dispersión espacial de las actuaciones, dando lugar a una serie de espacios intermedios que han fragmentado el espacio periurbano y que han propiciado una separación a de los límites de la ciudad. El presente artículo parte del estudio de la zona del borde del Distrito de José Leonardo Ortiz a través de la observación para detectar sistemas arquitectónicos que hay en la zona. Para ello, se emplea una serie de fichas en base la observación, para la identificación de la morfología de cada vacío urbano, la definición acerca de que tipos de sistemas que se encontró y sobre las relaciones o vínculos del poblador de la zona. Por consiguiente, logramos identificar dos sistemas; la urbana y la agrícola por lo que contribuye para la realización de ciudad con una planificación urbana que responda al contexto.

Orientador: Leandro Karnal / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T23:45:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rocha_CarlosGuilherme_M.pdf: 1482216 bytes, checksum: e2a20df8d5f844e53dbe24f4409df4ca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: A proposta deste trabalho consiste em analisar a relação conflituosa entre o capitão-geral e governador da província de Cartagena das Índias, Francisco de Murga, e os ministros do tribunal da Inquisição da cidade de Cartagena. Os enfrentamentos entre as partes remontam aos primeiros meses do governo de Murga, que aportou em Cartagena em outubro de 1629, e perduraram até meados do ano de 1636, quando houve uma mudança no governo provincial. O objetivo principal é analisar o âmbito jurídico do conflito, isto é, o modo como as partes envolvidas recorriam ao uso do direito, quais as argumentações e os fundamentos enunciados. Parto do princípio que a análise do direito e da estrutura jurídica é ponto basilar para a compreensão das relações institucionais no Antigo Regime. Neste sentido será analisada principalmente a natureza jurídica do Santo Ofício apresentada nos discursos e práticas originárias do conflito. Será analisada também a representação da autonomia inquisitorial frente os poderes civis, que se destaca nas práticas em questão. Nesse sentido, este trabalho enfatiza como os fundamentos jurídicos da Inquisição e do governo provincial são princípios que orientam as ações dos envolvidos no conflito em questão / Abstract: The aim of this work is to analyze the conflicting relationship between the captain general and governor of the province of Cartagena of the Indies, Francisco de Murga, and the ministers of the court of the Inquisition in Cartagena. The confrontations between the parties date back to the first months of Murga's government, who arrived in Cartagena in October 1629, and lasted until mid-1636, when there was a change in the provincial government. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the legal scope of the conflict, i. e., the manner in which interested parties used to appeal to the use of the law, the arguments and pleas they had mentioned. I assume that the analysis of law and legal structure is fundamental to understanding the institutional relations in the Ancien Régime. In this sense, th legal nature of the Holy Office, presented in the discourses and practices thata had given rise to the conflicts will be mainly analyzed. It will be also analyzed the representation of inquisitorial autonomy in relation to civil powers, which stands out in the practices concerned. In this sense, the emphasis of this study is how the legal bases of the Inquisition and the provincial government are guiding principles of the actions of those Who were involved in the conflicting relationship concerned / Mestrado / Historia Cultural / Mestre em História

Many scholars have considered Cuban American artist Ana Mendieta to be a translator of Afro-Cuban culture. In her 2019 monograph on the artist, for example, Genevieve Hyacinthe writes: “brownness made Mendieta a powerful translator of Black Atlantic forms into contemporary art language because she was not, and could never be, part of the dominant white culture.” Mendieta also announced herself as a translator (and inheritor) of Siboney and Taino cultures. Her gallery notes that to celebrate her return to Cuba’s “maternal breast” as an adult, the artist titled the rock carvings she made there with “names of zemis, or Taíno spirits, such as Bacayu for ‘Light of Day.’” I argue that alongside her claims on Taino cultural heritage we might consider her actual ancestry and claims on Indigenous women in the art of Cuban settlers before her. My dissertation considers Mendieta as a translator not of Taino myths or Black cultural practices but of ethnological texts and nationalistic folklore which catalogued and caricatured Black and Indigenous cultures. “Bacayu,” for example, is not a Taino “zemi” but rather a word she culled from a glossary of Black and Indigenous terms: a performance of knowledge over Indigenous cultures rather than a Taino cultural product. It hails from a lecherous story written by a Havana dentist about the death of an “Indian doncella.” Each chapter considers her translations of such pieces, focusing in particular on her translation choices which I suggest are motivated by her feminist and anti-imperial politics. My first chapter considers the influence of ethnographic studies on Abakuá and particularly the writings of Fernando Ortiz in her Iowa campus performances which reference crime scenes and “sacrificial” initiation ceremonies. Rather than offering unmediated access to Black religious practices, I suggest she is performing an abased view of Abakuá as seen through the (exterminationist) lens of Ortiz’s scholarship from his criminological ethnography, Los negros brujos (1906), to his less punitive but still highly fetishizing account of Abakuá in “La ‘tragedia’ de los ñáñigos” (1950). I don’t believe Mendieta translates this work to oppress Black people. Rather as a bodywork artist composing a militant, corporal language of feminist critique, she aims the violence of cultural translation toward her chauvinistic art school cohort. The second chapter considers her literary translation of “La Venus Negra, based on a Cuban legend,” which was composed by Adrián del Valle, Ortiz’s secretary at La Sociedad Económica de los Amigos del País for which he collated Cuba’s first public library among other projects. The original legend can be contextualized by del Valle’s broader stewardship of Cuban letters: he penned “La Venus Negra” for a collection celebrating the Centenary of Cienfuegos from the family notes of a prominent cienfueguero, Pedro Modesto. Examining the tacky national showcase in which the legend originally appears, I consider the ways Mendieta repositions la Venus Negra as a display of her own “will to continue being Other.” In particular, her translation imposes a “Siboney” ancestry on la Venus Negra and dispenses with the conditions which determine the protagonist’s muteness (in the original, la Venus Negra is a nude Black woman who is captured and displaced from her island hideout by criollo enslavers). In Mendieta’s translation la Venus is not muted Black protest incarnate but becomes an anti-colonial symbol. Mendieta publishes the piece in the feminist magazine Heresies, illustrating the legend with a silhouette of her own body from her Silueta Series. Again, I don’t think Mendieta poses as a Ciboney woman or absents Black women in a gesture of ill will toward Black and Indigenous people. Rather, she does so as an anti-imperial strategy consistent with Fidel Castro’s cadre, as her unavowed translation of Roberto Fernández Retamar’s “Calibán” into her “Dialectics of Isolation: An Exhibition of Third World Women Artists of the United States” curatorial statement indicates. In the essay, Retamar, a white Cuban scholar, aligns the revolution with Black and Indigenous Cuba by “reclaiming” the caricature Caliban, which, as Coco Fusco writes, Shakespeare himself had based on an “Indian” exhibited in London. In the third chapter, I consider Mendieta’s Esculturas Rupestres, not as tributes to Taino spirits but as monuments of settler longing for mutilated Indigenous women. The legend I mentioned in the introductory paragraph, “Bacayu,” for example, is settler fanfiction about a daughter of a “cacique” whose death portends the coming of the white man and includes a lengthy description of the dead woman’s body. I also point toward the misnamings of Black women which appear within this rock series (Black Venus, Mother) which are often overlooked by scholars who ask us to read the work as Taino myth. Finally, building on these themes, I suggest a comparison to the work of Brazilian artist Hélio Oiticica: emphasizing the similarities in their “cannibalistic” approaches to translation. Although differently aligned politically (leftist, anarchist), Oiticica’s family, like Mendieta’s, were culturally and politically prominent settlers; and, like Mendieta, Oiticica is often read as a translator of Black Atlantic culture. Further both artists engaged in the caricaturing of Indigenous “American” cultures. In New York, Oiticica translated Oswald de Andrade’s “Manifesto Antropófago” (1928) to contextualize his work and the work of his friends. Artists in Brazil had adapted de Andrade’s manifesto into a translation program “cannibalizing” European and North American cultures, a practice they misidentified as Tupi as de Andrade had. Comparing Mendieta and Oiticica as translators reveals shared patterns of Latin American vanguards employing caricatures of Black and Indigenous cultures in anti-imperial performances. These caricatures and their resemblance to caricatures in the U.S. also point to older (and enduring) transnational networks of white nationalism in the Americas.

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In this study, I attempted to understand how a history of literacy in the U.S. continues to shape the ways in which Latino/a/e/x students learn in English classrooms today. Through the work of scholars such as Gloria Anzaldúa and Ofelia Garcia and with authors such as Richard Rodriguez, Judith Ortiz Cofer, and Lorna Dee Cervantes, I have come to believe that Latino/a/e/x students often experience years of an education system that views literacy so narrowly that it can silence languages that do not fit the perceived academic language of standard English. To understand what an expanded view of literacy could possibly look like in this study, I turned to scholars including The New London Group (1996), Cary Jewitt (2017), and Gunther Kress (2017) who study multimodality, as well as other researchers who examine digital literacies, particularly digital storytelling, in both formal and informal spaces. I did this in an effort to understand how multimodality and narrative might impact my Latino/a/e/x students’ learning and creative processes in the classroom. In this study, I wanted to learn what happens when the notion of literacy is expanded in my classroom and my Latino/a/e/x college students incorporate digital literacies to create their own digital stories in our English composition class. More specifically, I wanted to have a clearer understanding of the processes students experience as they embark on their digital storytelling journey. What I have learned throughout this journey is that digital storytelling does, indeed, offer another lens through which to view Latino/a/e/x students in my English composition classroom and their work and that perhaps it is time to see how digital storytelling might fit into the larger field of English education.

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Orientador: José Alves de Freitas Neto / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T02:44:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Terlizzi_BrunoPassos_M.pdf: 2154224 bytes, checksum: 0fa6e9d74d1d2d360cece95777f03788 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Sendo inicialmente pensado pela "intelectualidade rosista", o conceito de americanismo surgiu como uma espécie de justificativa ideológica dentro do discurso político do governo Rosas, caracterizados pela ideia de que a luta da Confederação Argentina contra as potências européias era a luta pela preservação da própria independência do país, em que a causa argentina expressava diretamente a causa americana, decorrendo na criação de uma polarização em que os que estavam com Rosas eram partidários da causa americana e seus opositores, traidores da independência americana (MYERS 1995). É justamente nesse embate político pela definição do conceito de americanismo que tanto o discurso rosista como as obras políticas de Domingos F. Sarmiento (1811-1888) demonstram estratégias discursivas em torno da definição do conceito e sua utilização como linguagem política. Esta dissertação teve por finalidade analisar as ideias e as linguagens políticas utilizadas por Sarmiento em três obras de sua vasta produção: Facundo (1845), Viajes por Europa, África y América (1846-1847) e Argirópolis (1850). A partir daí, demonstrar as interações de seus modelos explicativos em relação ao seu contexto e à situação política da Confederação Argentina na primeira metade do século XIX, que foi caracterizada pelo período em que Juan Manoel de Rosas governou a província de Buenos Aires, estabelecendo uma paulatina hegemonia da província sobre o resto do país. Além disso, pretendeu-se evidenciar a maneira como o autor "disputou" com os polemistas que sustentavam o regime a definição do conceito de americanismo ou sistema americano, de modo a estabelecer pontos de contato com as concepções de soberania, legitimidade política, e republicanismo dentro dos projetos de nação que eram discutidos no calor das vicissitudes da história política argentina / Abstract: Initially being a concept thought by the rosista intellectuality, the americanismo emerged as an ideological justification inside the Rosas government political discourse, featured by the idea that the struggle of the Argentinean Confederation against the European forces was the fight to preserve the independence itself, and the Argentinean cause expressed the proper American cause, what incurred in a polarization between the Rosa's partisans and its opponents who were considered traitor of the political independence (MYERS 1995). It is right in the middle of this quarrel for the definition of the americanismo concept that both: the Rosas discourse and Domingos F. Sarmiento's (1811-1888) political writings shows their reasoning strategies around the concept and its usage as a political language. This essay has the aim in analyzing the ideas and the political languages used by Sarmiento in three of his wide writing collection: Facundo (1845), Viajes por Europa, África y American (1846-1847) and Argirópolis (1850). Moving forward, the next step is to demonstrate the interactions of his explanatory model towards his context and the political situation of the Argentinean Confederation during the first half of the 19th century, when Juan Manoel de Rosas ruled the Buenos Aires state and stablished a gradual hegemony over the whole country. Besides that, we tried to put in evidence the disputes between the writers that supported the Rosas government and Sarmiento among the concept of americanismo or sistema americano, and by establishing some contact point with other concepts such as sovereignty, political legitimacy and republicanism inside the debates occurred in the heat of the Argentinean political History / Mestrado / Politica, Memoria e Cidade / Mestre em História

Puerto Rican culture often includes music as a method of expressing cultural identity. For instance, music has been considered a symbol of resistance, identity, and performative culture for many Puerto Ricans. This thesis will heavily rely on the involvement of Afro-Latin music in literature to determine ways that Puertorriqueñidad can be defined. To do this, I will examine how Puerto Rican writers present their identity in their works to define what it means to be Puerto Rican. These writers include the poet Sandra María Esteves and author Judith Ortiz Cofer. Throughout their literary works, they express several connections to their Puerto Rican identity, and through close examination, I was able to compile these connections to music, feminist ideologies, and themes of resistance and oppression. Using the scholarship of Puerto Rican scholar Juan Flores' From Bomba to Hip-Hop: Puerto Rican Culture and Latino Identity and Chicana feminist theorist Chela Sandoval's Methodology of the Oppressed, this thesis will contribute to the examination of music in literature as defying systems of oppression in Puerto Rican culture and explore the relationship between music and Puerto Rican identity.