• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Osmotolerance in Listeria monocytogenes : mechanisms and regulation of compatible solute accumulation

Fraser, Katy R. January 2003 (has links)
The work presented in this thesis describes the characterisation of the L-carnitine transporter, OpuC, belonging to the binding protein dependent ABC transporter superfamily. The transporter is encoded on a four gene operon, <i>opuCABCD</i>. The physiological study of two <i>opuC</i> mutants have revealed that this operon encodes the principal carnitine transport system in <i>L. monocytogenes</i>, and that the resulting transporter is specific for carnitine and not the related solute betaine. Usually the activity of this transporter is subject to negative regulation during growth in the presence of peptone. An <i>opuCA</i> deletion mutant retained the ability to utilise carnitine as an osmoprotectant at high concentrations (1 mM), and accumulated a cytoplasmic carnitine pool comparable to the wild-type, suggesting that a second low affinity carnitine transport system must exist in <i>L. monocytogenes</i>. Measurement of carnitine uptakes rates in the presence of 100 mM and 1 mM carnitine revealed that the rate of carnitine uptake in the <i>DopuCA </i>mutant was dependent on the carnitine concentration, confirming the low affinity of this unidentified system for carnitine. The stress inducible sigma factor, s<sup>B</sup>, is predicted to play a role in regulating the <i>Listerial </i>osmotic stress response. Studies utilising a <i>sigB</i> deletion mutant revealed that s<sup>B</sup> is required for the utilisation of carnitine as an osmoprotectant, by regulating the transcription of the <i>opuC</i> operon in response to hyperosmotic stress. Betaine accumulation is reduced in a strain lacking s<sup>B</sup>, in particular Na<sup>+</sup> dependent betaine transport, although transcription of neither betaine transport systems, <i>gbu </i>and <i>beiL</i>, appear affected by the s<sup>B</sup> might play a post-transcriptional regulatory role in betaine accumulation.
2

Transcriptional timing and noise of yeast cell cycle regulators

Amoussouvi, Aouefa 15 June 2020 (has links)
Die Genexpression ist ein stochastischer Prozess, dessen strenge Regulation einen ungestörten Zellzyklusverlauf ermöglicht. Jeglicher Stress löst eine Neuprogrammierung der Expression und somit einen Stillstand des Zellzyklus aus. Um ein besseres Verständnis des eukaryotischen Zellzyklus zu erlangen, wurde in dieser Arbeit die Fluoreszenzmikroskopie einzelner Zellen (S.cerevisiae) mit stochastischer Modellierung der Hauptregulatorgene des G1/S-Übergangs (SIC1, CLN2, CLB5) kombiniert. Mithilfe des MS2-CP-Systems wurden mRNA-Level von SIC1 in lebenden Zellen bestimmt und verschiedene Transportwege von SIC1-mRNA visualisiert. RNA-FISH in Kombination mit genetischen und morphologischen Markierungen ermöglichte es, die absolute Quantifizierung von SIC1-, CLN2- und CLB5-mRNA in allen Zyklusphasen vorzunehmen. Die Auswirkung von Osmostress, in Hinblick auf eine transkriptionale Verzerrung, wurde untersucht. Basierend auf den experimentellen-Daten wurde ein stochastisches Model entwickelt, dass die Expression von SIC1, CLN2 und CLB5 mRNA und Proteinlevel in Abhängigkeit von Osmostress über den gesamten Zellzyklus hinweg abbildet. Die Modellierung ermöglichte eine in silico Synchronisation und somit die Extraktion kinetischer Parameter. Die Expression der beobachteten Gene wurde im Verlauf des Zellzyklus nicht ein- und ausgeschaltet, stattdessen kam es zu Phasen hoher oder niedriger Expression. Niedriger SIC1 Expression gewährleistete niedriger Sic1 Protein Verzerrung und robustes G1/S Timing. CLN2 und CLB5 zeigten ein maximales Expressionslevel in G1 und auch eine erhöhte Expression in der späten Mitose. Osmostress induzierte einen langanhaltenden Effekt auf die Transkription und die Dauer der Zellzyklusphasen. Der hier vorgestellte Ansatz ermöglichte quantitative Einblicke in die Genexpression und zeitliche Koordination des Zellzyklus von S.cerevisiae. Einige der hier beobachteten Regulationsmechanismen könnten allgemeine Gültigkeit im eukaryotischen Zellzyklus besitzen. / Gene expression is a stochastic process and its appropriate regulation is critical for cell cycle progression. Cellular stress response requires expression reprogramming and cell cycle arrest. Time-resolved quantitative methods on single cells are needed to understand eukaryotic cell cycle in context of noisy gene expression and external perturbations. We applied single-cell fluorescence microscopy and stochastic modeling to SIC1, CLN2 and CLB5, the main G1/S regulators in S. cerevisiae. Using MS2-CP system we estimated SIC1 mRNA levels and visualized different types of transport for SIC1 mRNA particles in living cells. With RNA-FISH combined to genetic and morphological markers we monitored absolute numbers of mRNA and transcriptional noise over cell cycle phases with and without osmostress. Stochastic modeling enabled in silico synchronization, the extraction of kinetic parameters as well as expanded the static mRNA data into time courses for mRNAs, proteins and their noise. Based on our experimental data we developed a stochastic model of G1/S timing centered on SIC1 and a second one for the entire cell cycle involving SIC1, CLN2 and CLB5 and the response to osmostress. All three genes exhibited basal expression throughout cell cycle enlightening that transcription is not divided in on and off but rather in high and low phases. A low SIC1 transcript level ensured a low protein noise and a robust timing of the G1/S transition. CLN2 and CLB5 showed main expression peaks in G1 as well as an expression upshift in late mitosis. Osmostress induced different periods of transcriptional inhibition for CLN2 and CLB5 and long-term impact on cell cycle phase duration. Our approach disclosed detailed quantitative insights into gene expression and cell cycle timing, not available from bulk experiments. Importantly some regulation mechanisms specific to SIC1, CLN2 and CLB5 might be generalized to other genes as well as to other organisms.

Page generated in 0.0969 seconds