Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1980. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Bibliography: leaves 389-415. / by Zmarak M. Shalizi. / Ph.D.

Thesis. 1976. M.S.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. / Microfiche copy available in Archives and Engineering. / Includes bibliographical references. / by Sam M. Goldwasser. / M.S.

Tan Xuesong. / "June 2004." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 247-251). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1982. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Bibliography: leaves 174-180. / by William H. Crown. / Ph.D.

Os aceleradores lineares representam a mais importante, prática e versátil produtores de raios-X de alta energia em radioterapia. O comportamento funcional destes equipamentos pode variar devido a defeitos eletrônicos, falhas de componentes ou rupturas mecânicas, ou então podem variar devido ao deterioramento e envelhecimento de seus componentes. A manutenção da qualidade dos tratamentos depende essencialmente da estabilidade dos aceleradores e do controle de qualidade das instituições para monitorar desvios nos parâmetros do feixe. O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em avaliar e analisar a estabilidade do fator de calibração dos aceleradores lineares, bem como os demais parâmetros dosimétricos normalmente incluídos em um programa de controle de qualidade em radioterapia. A média dos fatores de calibração dos aceleradores para o período de aproximadamente quatro anos para os Clinacs 600C e 6EX foram (0,998 ± 0,012) e (0,996 ± 0,014), respectivamente. Para o Clinac 2100CD de 6 MV e 15 MV foi (1,008 ± 0,009) e (1,006 ± 0,010), respectivamente, em um período de aproximadamente quatro anos. Através de análises estatísticas nos três aceleradores lineares verificou-se que os coeficientes de variação dos fatores de calibração apresentaram valores inferiores a 2% o que mostra uma homogeneidade nos dados. Através do cálculo da distribuição normal dos fatores de calibração, verificou-se que para os Clinacs 600C e 2100CD, é esperada uma probabilidade de que em mais de 90% dos casos os valores estejam dentro dos limites aceitáveis segundo o protocolo TG-142, enquanto que para o Clinac 6EX é esperado em torno de 85% uma vez que esse acelerador apresentou diversas trocas de componentes. Os valores do TPR20,10 dos três aceleradores são praticamente constantes e dentro dos limites aceitáveis segundo o protocolo TG-142. Pode-se concluir que um estudo detalhado dos dados do fator de calibração dos aceleradores e do TPR20,10 a partir de um ponto de vista quantitativo, é extremamente útil em um programa de garantia de qualidade. / The linear accelerators represent the most important, practical and versatile source of ionizing radiation in radiotherapy. These functional characteristics influence the geometric and dosimetric accuracy of therapeutic doses applied to patients. The performance of this equipment may vary due to electronic defects, component failures or mechanical breakdowns, or may vary due to the deterioration and aging of components. Maintaining the quality of care depends on the stability of the accelerators and quality control of the institutions to monitor deviations in the parameters of the beam. The aim of this study is to assess and analyze the stability of the calibration factor of linear accelerators, as well as the other dosimetric parameters normally included in a program of quality control in radiotherapy. The average calibration factors of the accelerators for the period of approximately four years for the Clinac 600C and Clinac 6EX were (0,998 ± 0,012) and (0,996 ± 0,014), respectively. For the Clinac 2100CD 6 MV and 15 MV was (1,008 ± 0,009) and (1,006 ± 0,010), respectively, in a period of approximately four years. Statistical analysis of the three linear accelerators was found that the coefficient of variation of calibration factors had values below 2% which shows a consistency in the data. By calculating the normal distribution of calibration factors, we found that for the Clinac 600C and Clinac 2100CD, is an expected probability that more than 90% of cases the values are within acceptable limits according to the TG-142, while for the Clinac 6EX is expected around 85% since this had several exchanges of accelerator components. The values of TPR20,10 of three accelerators are practically constant and within acceptable limits according to the TG-142. It can be concluded that a detailed study of data from the calibration factor of the accelerators and TPR20,10 from a quantitative point of view, is extremely useful in a quality assurance program.

A reorganização econômica, caracterizada pelo processo de globalização, provocou alterações nas estruturas produtivas da economia brasileira e, conseqüentemente, mudanças no mercado de trabalho. Essas mudanças refletiram-se nas características setoriais de emprego, trazendo uma grande preocupação quanto às relações de trabalho e à crescente taxa de desemprego. A reorientação do modelo de desenvolvimento, que transitava de proteção ao setor industrial para uma economia aberta e a consolidação da moeda, a partir de 1990, originou profundas mudanças no mercado de trabalho brasileiro. Os postos de trabalho dos setores primário e secundário foram reduzidos, enquanto que, no setor terciário, houve aumento dos empregos, mas não suficiente para absorver todos os trabalhadores liberados dos demais setores. A participação dos trabalhadores no mercado informal no ano de 2003 representava cerca de 52%. Dessa forma, a questão de empregos no Brasil nos últimos anos tem se tornado cada vez mais discutida e questionada quanto à capacidade de gerar novos empregos e qual a qualidade desses empregos. O trabalho pretende discutir as características e evolução do pessoal ocupado procurando analisar a relação setorial entre os empregos formais e informais, a partir de 1990, sob a ótica do modelo Insumo-Produto. Os principais resultados apontam que houve uma redução da capacidade de gerar empregos para cada um milhão de reais da produção. Os dados mostram que apesar da proporção de trabalhadores informais na economia ser superior aos trabalhadores na formalidade, o setor formal foi o responsável por cerca de 60% dos empregos gerados no período estudado. / The reorganization of the Brazilian economy, in the globalization process, has brought out changes in its productive structure, and, consequently, changes in the job market. These changes had impact on the employment at the sectoral level, with great concerns related to the labor relations and to the growing unemployment rates. In the 1990s, the change in the focus of the development strategy, from a closed protected economy to an open economy with monetary control, has originated deep changes in the labor market. The number of employed persons in the primary and secondary sector was reduced, while in the tertiary sector there was an increase in the number of jobs, but not enough to absorb all the employees released from the previous two sectors. The share of informal jobs in the Brazilian economy was around 52% in 2003. In this way, the question of employment generated by the economic sectors, in number and quality, has become a crucial issue. The goal of this work is to study the characteristics and the evolution of the occupied persons, and to relate it with the formal and informal job market, as well as the economy productive structure, using for that input-output matrices constructed for the Brazilian economy. The main results show that there was a reduction in the capacity of the economy to generate employment for every million of Reais produced in a given sector. The data also shows that despite the ratio of informal workers in the economy being superior to the workers in the formality, the formal sector was responsible for about 60% of the jobs generated in the period of analysis.

This study investigates the potential drivers of growth and employment in Mpumalanga’s economy using input-output (I-O) analysis as a contribution to industrial policy research and development for the province. Since 1995 to 2011, the Mpumalanga economy has been dominated by the tertiary sector (Quantec, 2011). Mohamed (2010) argues that in South Africa, while there had been growth in services, this growth has generally not been in productive services but instead has been driven by acceleration in debt-driven consumption, outsourcing and growth in private security services. The unemployment rate in the province was at 30.9 percent and labour absorption 52.0 percent in 2011, which made Mpumulanga the 6th largest contributor to the unemployment rate in the country that year (Quantec, 2011). The fifth iteration of the Industrial Policy Action Plan, 2013/14 – 2015/16 aims to promote a labour absorbing industrialisation path, with the emphasis on the systematic building of economic linkages that create employment. While being aware of potential weaknesses associated with this method, I-O analysis is one of the tools used frequently in the literature for identifying sectors to be supported in the industrial policy. The results of this study shows that the manufacturing sector in the province has a stronger stimulatory power to directly stimulate output in most sectors and drive industrial development, provided that local imports and available skills can be used appropriately to fill the existing gaps. This study forms the basis for the Mpumalanga Province’s policymakers to further conduct sector analysis through other refined supplementary methods such as value chain analysis with the purpose to confirm linkages of the sectors and determine key sectors that have the potential to drive industrialisation in the province.

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Multi-Output Dependence (MOD) learning is a generalization of standard classification problems that allows for multiple outputs that are dependent on each other. A primary issue that arises in the context of MOD learning is that for any given input pattern there can be multiple correct output patterns. This changes the learning task from function approximation to relation approximation. Previous algorithms do not consider this problem, and thus cannot be readily applied to MOD problems. To perform MOD learning, we introduce the Hierarchical Multi-Output Nearest Neighbor model (HMONN) that employs a basic learning model for each output and a modified nearest neighbor approach to refine the initial results. This paper focuses on tasks with nominal features, although HMONN has the initial capacity for solving MOD problems with real-valued features. Results obtained using UCI repository, synthetic, and business application data sets show improved accuracy over a baseline that treats each output as independent of all the others, with HMONN showing improvement that is statistically significant in the majority of cases.

Tese de doutoramento. Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2009