Driven by the desire for a bright future and a successful career, many young people in China are embarking on overseas odysseys to pursue higher education degrees in order to get decent jobs when they return to China. Those people who are educated abroad and come back with higher education diplomas are called "Haigui" in Chinese. Although they excel in their fields and are capable of the occupations that they dream of, most of them fail to get the jobs they so crave because of reasons beyond their control, such as the slump of the job market, unfair parental privilege, and the high density of Haigui in large cities. This story depicts the job-hunting experiences of four characters -- Ye, Zhang, Erin and Wu. (They requested not to use their real names for privacy concerns.) Their accounts showcase different facets of why Haigui employment in China is so dire. Until the job market in China improves and stops favoring nepotism, the number of Haigui will continue to rise as more and more Chinese students leave the country in search of better futures. / text

The American Dream has its origins in the tenets of this country: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal: among these [equalities] are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness."1 The notion that happiness must be pursued, is integral to American cultural thought and ultimately the collective American Dream. Realization of this dream and its physical manifestation, however, are the direct result of an expanding industrial economy beginning in the 1940s. A myriad factors influenced the possibility of expansion into new suburbs within commuting distance of growing cities. The creation of the interstate and the boom of the auto industry made easy transportation into and out of the city a reality. Heightened manufacturing spurred by World War II, the growth of the stock market, and wage growth made fleeing the dense urban center an economic possibility, and for many a desirable pursuit. Cities grew at alarming rates and became overcrowded as a result of the industrial job market Yet, industrial waste made city life untenable; pollution permeated the air and disease filled the overcrowded streets. The desire to leave grew quickly, but it was not yet possible for many working class families until the 1944 G.I. bill.2 The bill increased the possibility of suburban home ownership through subsidized housing mortgages and loans, affording returning veterans the opportunity to participate in attaining the dream.3 To keep up with demand, construction techniques drew on the mass production methods of the auto industry and built "model" homes that were easily constructible with speed and an economy of means.4 Easy access to a autonomous home and yard outside of the city shifted demographics, the American landscape, and cemented the suburban model as the predominant mode of the American home for an idealized nuclear family. / 0 / SPK / specialcollections@tulane.edu

Aim and research question: The aim of this study is to investigate how high skilled foreign intellectual individuals are integrated in the job market in Gävle city. The research questions are: How does the job situation for foreign born graduates look like in Gävle city today? What factors and barriers affect the integration of high skilled foreign born graduates on the job market in Gävle city? Method: In our study the data was collected by open questionnaires and interviews as well as from different databases. The respondents consisted of foreign born graduates, politicians, representatives from the private and public sector. Although the data collection was mostly of qualitative nature some quantitative tools are used in this study such as charts and pie charts to give a more common view of the sampled group’s responses. The way we choose to work on the study was in an deductive manner as we started out in observations and later try to explain them with theory. When trying to find these theories we used textbooks and scientific articles to gather explanations by different authors.Results and conclusions: Our main findings where that the main barrier for the employers towards foreign born graduates is failure to communicate with them because of culture crash. The second most common barrier named by employers is the language. The third most common problem is related to contact networks. From the graduate point of view the first thing they name is lack of information as their biggest problem. The second most common problem for graduates is the language and the third most common problem they name discrimination which according to us is an effect of culture crash. Our conclusion and recommendation is that to help employers seeking qualified personal, and to help foreign born graduates to look for the right jobs, i.e. encourage these two streams to meet. There is work needed to be done in two directions the employers need to be informed with more relevant information about cultural background of foreign born graduates and for the public sector to provide better orientation to the foreign born graduates in the Swedish system. We have through our respondents learned that there indeed exists a level of brain waste. The theoretical implication from this study is that the research adds to strengthen existing theories. When talking about culture, according to the respondents it is important that an employer has a knowledge of diversity. Culture and language has been confirmed as barriers towards the job market by all respondents. The study also confirmed factors which hinders integration of foreign born graduates to the job market. These factors are: Hazards, disadvantages and integration containing lack of information, lack of guidance, proper job seeking tools, stereotypes and discrimination. The study shows a low priority of social integration among the foreign born respondents, versus learning the Swedish language and looking for jobs in Gävle city.   Key words: integration, job market, barriers, culture, language, foreign, Sweden

A reorganização econômica, caracterizada pelo processo de globalização, provocou alterações nas estruturas produtivas da economia brasileira e, conseqüentemente, mudanças no mercado de trabalho. Essas mudanças refletiram-se nas características setoriais de emprego, trazendo uma grande preocupação quanto às relações de trabalho e à crescente taxa de desemprego. A reorientação do modelo de desenvolvimento, que transitava de proteção ao setor industrial para uma economia aberta e a consolidação da moeda, a partir de 1990, originou profundas mudanças no mercado de trabalho brasileiro. Os postos de trabalho dos setores primário e secundário foram reduzidos, enquanto que, no setor terciário, houve aumento dos empregos, mas não suficiente para absorver todos os trabalhadores liberados dos demais setores. A participação dos trabalhadores no mercado informal no ano de 2003 representava cerca de 52%. Dessa forma, a questão de empregos no Brasil nos últimos anos tem se tornado cada vez mais discutida e questionada quanto à capacidade de gerar novos empregos e qual a qualidade desses empregos. O trabalho pretende discutir as características e evolução do pessoal ocupado procurando analisar a relação setorial entre os empregos formais e informais, a partir de 1990, sob a ótica do modelo Insumo-Produto. Os principais resultados apontam que houve uma redução da capacidade de gerar empregos para cada um milhão de reais da produção. Os dados mostram que apesar da proporção de trabalhadores informais na economia ser superior aos trabalhadores na formalidade, o setor formal foi o responsável por cerca de 60% dos empregos gerados no período estudado. / The reorganization of the Brazilian economy, in the globalization process, has brought out changes in its productive structure, and, consequently, changes in the job market. These changes had impact on the employment at the sectoral level, with great concerns related to the labor relations and to the growing unemployment rates. In the 1990s, the change in the focus of the development strategy, from a closed protected economy to an open economy with monetary control, has originated deep changes in the labor market. The number of employed persons in the primary and secondary sector was reduced, while in the tertiary sector there was an increase in the number of jobs, but not enough to absorb all the employees released from the previous two sectors. The share of informal jobs in the Brazilian economy was around 52% in 2003. In this way, the question of employment generated by the economic sectors, in number and quality, has become a crucial issue. The goal of this work is to study the characteristics and the evolution of the occupied persons, and to relate it with the formal and informal job market, as well as the economy productive structure, using for that input-output matrices constructed for the Brazilian economy. The main results show that there was a reduction in the capacity of the economy to generate employment for every million of Reais produced in a given sector. The data also shows that despite the ratio of informal workers in the economy being superior to the workers in the formality, the formal sector was responsible for about 60% of the jobs generated in the period of analysis.

A importância cada vez maior que vem sendo dada à inserção da pessoa com deficiência mental no mercado de trabalho nos últimos anos, leva a estudos que se concentram em buscar estratégias de ação para uma educação voltada para a preparação profissional onde os indivíduos com deficiência mental consigam um lugar junto a outros trabalhadores. Este trabalho é o resultado de uma pesquisa que entrevistou jovens e adultos com deficiência mental que, apesar de todas as dificuldades conseguiram se inserir no mercado formal de trabalho, buscando através de seus relatos pessoais, fatos relevantes que contribuíram para seu desenvolvimento pessoal e profissional. A presente pesquisa foi realizada utilizando o método de História de Vida, e através de entrevistas abertas com quinze indivíduos portadores de deficiência mental, que estão inseridos no mercado de trabalho, objetivou apreender suas vivências quanto à inserção no mercado de trabalho. Vários temas marcaram suas falas e, entre esses destacam-se a sua trajetória escolar e profissional; a rotina de trabalho, enfatizando atitudes profissionais e adaptações necessárias; o significado que o trabalho tem para eles; e seu relacionamento com os colegas. Esses temas são discutidos no corpo do trabalho. Pelos dados obtidos, pode-se concluir que após estarem inseridos, no mercado de trabalho houve melhoria em vários aspectos de sua vida como: no aumento da auto-estima, independência, autonomia, sentimento de igualdade aos demais membros da família, entre outros. Também ficou claro que o sucesso do trabalhador com necessidades especiais depende, em grande parte, da existência em seu local de trabalho das adaptações que se fazem necessárias para a realização das atividades de sua função. / The importance of getting mentally disabled people into the job market has been increasing the interest of find out new strategies to use in special actions to develop education that give these people opportunity to get a job with others members of society.This work is the outcome of a research that interviewed mentally disabled adults and young people who had been able to find a job in spite of their obvious difficulties. Based on their report we looked for relevant facts that contributed to their personal and professional development.This research has been done by means of the life-history method which focused on their feelings and experiences from their achievements. We have interviewed fifteen people in the present work, completely adapted to their labour market, who consistently reported in their speeches: scholar performance, job routine, professional attitudes, necessary adaptations.The final conclusion of the present work is that after getting into the job market, many aspects of their personal lives such as: self-esteem, independence, autonomy as well as equality in treatment. The success of this work will depend on the necessary adaptations for their specific functions.

A importância cada vez maior que vem sendo dada à inserção da pessoa com deficiência mental no mercado de trabalho nos últimos anos, leva a estudos que se concentram em buscar estratégias de ação para uma educação voltada para a preparação profissional onde os indivíduos com deficiência mental consigam um lugar junto a outros trabalhadores. Este trabalho é o resultado de uma pesquisa que entrevistou jovens e adultos com deficiência mental que, apesar de todas as dificuldades conseguiram se inserir no mercado formal de trabalho, buscando através de seus relatos pessoais, fatos relevantes que contribuíram para seu desenvolvimento pessoal e profissional. A presente pesquisa foi realizada utilizando o método de História de Vida, e através de entrevistas abertas com quinze indivíduos portadores de deficiência mental, que estão inseridos no mercado de trabalho, objetivou apreender suas vivências quanto à inserção no mercado de trabalho. Vários temas marcaram suas falas e, entre esses destacam-se a sua trajetória escolar e profissional; a rotina de trabalho, enfatizando atitudes profissionais e adaptações necessárias; o significado que o trabalho tem para eles; e seu relacionamento com os colegas. Esses temas são discutidos no corpo do trabalho. Pelos dados obtidos, pode-se concluir que após estarem inseridos, no mercado de trabalho houve melhoria em vários aspectos de sua vida como: no aumento da auto-estima, independência, autonomia, sentimento de igualdade aos demais membros da família, entre outros. Também ficou claro que o sucesso do trabalhador com necessidades especiais depende, em grande parte, da existência em seu local de trabalho das adaptações que se fazem necessárias para a realização das atividades de sua função. / The importance of getting mentally disabled people into the job market has been increasing the interest of find out new strategies to use in special actions to develop education that give these people opportunity to get a job with others members of society.This work is the outcome of a research that interviewed mentally disabled adults and young people who had been able to find a job in spite of their obvious difficulties. Based on their report we looked for relevant facts that contributed to their personal and professional development.This research has been done by means of the life-history method which focused on their feelings and experiences from their achievements. We have interviewed fifteen people in the present work, completely adapted to their labour market, who consistently reported in their speeches: scholar performance, job routine, professional attitudes, necessary adaptations.The final conclusion of the present work is that after getting into the job market, many aspects of their personal lives such as: self-esteem, independence, autonomy as well as equality in treatment. The success of this work will depend on the necessary adaptations for their specific functions.

A reorganização econômica, caracterizada pelo processo de globalização, provocou alterações nas estruturas produtivas da economia brasileira e, conseqüentemente, mudanças no mercado de trabalho. Essas mudanças refletiram-se nas características setoriais de emprego, trazendo uma grande preocupação quanto às relações de trabalho e à crescente taxa de desemprego. A reorientação do modelo de desenvolvimento, que transitava de proteção ao setor industrial para uma economia aberta e a consolidação da moeda, a partir de 1990, originou profundas mudanças no mercado de trabalho brasileiro. Os postos de trabalho dos setores primário e secundário foram reduzidos, enquanto que, no setor terciário, houve aumento dos empregos, mas não suficiente para absorver todos os trabalhadores liberados dos demais setores. A participação dos trabalhadores no mercado informal no ano de 2003 representava cerca de 52%. Dessa forma, a questão de empregos no Brasil nos últimos anos tem se tornado cada vez mais discutida e questionada quanto à capacidade de gerar novos empregos e qual a qualidade desses empregos. O trabalho pretende discutir as características e evolução do pessoal ocupado procurando analisar a relação setorial entre os empregos formais e informais, a partir de 1990, sob a ótica do modelo Insumo-Produto. Os principais resultados apontam que houve uma redução da capacidade de gerar empregos para cada um milhão de reais da produção. Os dados mostram que apesar da proporção de trabalhadores informais na economia ser superior aos trabalhadores na formalidade, o setor formal foi o responsável por cerca de 60% dos empregos gerados no período estudado. / The reorganization of the Brazilian economy, in the globalization process, has brought out changes in its productive structure, and, consequently, changes in the job market. These changes had impact on the employment at the sectoral level, with great concerns related to the labor relations and to the growing unemployment rates. In the 1990s, the change in the focus of the development strategy, from a closed protected economy to an open economy with monetary control, has originated deep changes in the labor market. The number of employed persons in the primary and secondary sector was reduced, while in the tertiary sector there was an increase in the number of jobs, but not enough to absorb all the employees released from the previous two sectors. The share of informal jobs in the Brazilian economy was around 52% in 2003. In this way, the question of employment generated by the economic sectors, in number and quality, has become a crucial issue. The goal of this work is to study the characteristics and the evolution of the occupied persons, and to relate it with the formal and informal job market, as well as the economy productive structure, using for that input-output matrices constructed for the Brazilian economy. The main results show that there was a reduction in the capacity of the economy to generate employment for every million of Reais produced in a given sector. The data also shows that despite the ratio of informal workers in the economy being superior to the workers in the formality, the formal sector was responsible for about 60% of the jobs generated in the period of analysis.

Thesis advisor: Latrica Best / This research project examines the sociological factors that contribute to how Boston College undergraduate students choose their majors. Based on previous research, parental influence has typically been a major factor when students choose their majors. Using rational choice theory, I expand on previous research by examining how parental influence and other sociological factors, such as perceptions of the job market and high school education socialization, impact the selection of college majors. In order to conduct this study, I interviewed twenty three Boston College undergraduate students (freshman, sophomores, juniors, seniors). All participants were from four Boston College undergraduate schools: Morrissey College of Arts & Sciences, Carroll School of Management, Lynch School of Education and Human Development, and Connell School of Nursing. Results show that parental influence is the primary factor in the selection of majors by students. However, within parental influence, the influence that parents have is not so much about whether students are enjoying their subject and finding passion, but the influence of the job market has been still a huge factor in the way students feel about their education. As we live in a more volatile economy and live in a competitive world where individuals strive to be the best, this study provides important insight into how college students choose their majors and how external factors outside of the college environment affect students’ decisions regarding careers. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2023. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Departmental Honors. / Discipline: Sociology.

Sėkminga integracija į darbo rinką, tai mūsų visuomenės, šalies socialinio, ekonominio, politinio gyvenimo stiprinimas. Integracija, problemos su kuriomis susiduria jaunimas, norėdamas įsidarbinti ir sėkmingai išlikti bei konkuruoti darbo rinkoje buvo ir yra ypač aktualios visuomenės gyvenime. Kiekvienas specialistas, siekia įsitvirtinti darbo pasaulyje ir atlikti savo, kaip pilnaverčio žmogaus, piliečio pareigas, funkcijas. Tačiau nepalankiomis šiandienos ekonominėmis sąlygomis, tampa vis sunkiau integruotis į norimą darbinę veiklą. Keičiantis šalies ekonominei, socialinei padėčiai, keičiasi ir kai kurių profesijų paklausa, vienos jų nyksta, vietoje jų atsiranda naujos. Vis sunkiau tampa žengti kartu su naujais pokyčiais, planuoti savo profesinę karjerą, nežinant kas gali nutikti rytoj. Taigi, svarbu parengti sporto trenerių integracijos į darbo rinką modelį ir remiantis šiuo modeliu, nustatyti veiksnius, jų grupes kurios daro įtaką sporto trenerių profesinei integracijai. Tai leistų daryti objektyvesnes išvadas, kurie faktoriai jiems yra svarbesni, kurie mažiau ir kurie padėjo įsidarbinimo procese. Tai galimybė iš arčiau pažinti integracijos į darbo rinką proceso struktūrą, norint nustatyti sporto trenerių mokymosi, įsidarbinimo, įsitvirtinimo darbo rinkoje galimybes. Tyrimo problema: Nepakankamai aiškūs veiksniai, įtakojantys sporto trenerių integraciją į darbo rinką. Tyrimo tikslas: Sukurti sporto trenerių integracijos į darbo rinką modelį, analizuojant integracijos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Successful integration into the job market is the strengthening of our society, as well as social, economic and political life. Integration and problems that young people encounter when seeking to get employed, as well as stay successfully and remain competitive in the job market have always been and still are of great relevance in the society life. Each specialist aims to strengthen his position in the job world and carry out his responsibilities and functions as a full-fledged human and a citizen. However, it is becoming more and more difficult to integrate into a desired job field (activity) under current unfavorable economic conditions. As the economical and social situations of the country change, the demand for certain professions change as well. Some of them disappear and new professions take their place. It becomes more difficult to keep up with the new changes and plan one’s own professional career without knowing what tomorrow might bring. Therefore, it is important to prepare a model of sports coach integration into the job market and by relying upon this model to determine the factors and their groups that influence the professional integration of sports coaches. This would allow to draw objective conclusions as to which factors are more important to them and which of them helped them more or less in the employment process. It is an opportunity to get to know the structure of the integration into the job market process while seeking to identify the possibilities... [to full text]

Background: There are many researches on the topic of employing (ex) drug users in abroad, but a little works in the Czech Republic. Its pioneers did not aim specifically to describe a group of clients of aftercare centers who are most closely to the working process. Aims: In cooperation with three Prague aftercare centers (Drop In, Magdaléna, SANANIM) and Work and social agency SANANIM to map and describe job experiences of their clients on the job market. Next aim is to create a typology of clients in the aftercare centers according to their current un/employment. Complex of recommendations how to prevent mistakes at the job market was suggested. Methods: Quantitative and qualitative research methods were used to data collection - a questionnaire to map experiences of clients at the job market and interviews for detailed description of client types. Data analysis was carried out by open cosiny and descriptive statistics. All the ethical questions were kept. Sample: Basic population was created by all current clients of aftercare centers in Prague. It was necessary to fulfil these criteria: to be current client of some of the centers, to have at least one contact with the job market during the aftercare programme and to give an agreement with attendance in the study. Total number of respondents...