In decades, the growth of the productivities in the National Income based on the developments of information economy in their countries. Besides the high-tech industries and the Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), the information related industries contributed the growth of Nation Income. This study intended to measure the size and the structure of the information economy in Taiwan. In order to recognize the trend and the difference of the information economies among our numerous countries, we choose Porat¡¦s (1977) studyas our framework. The proposes of this study list below: 1. Measuring the size and the structure of the information economy in Taiwan. 2. Proposing to improve the methodology on measuring the information economy, especially the parts about the data resource and the identification of the information occupations in Taiwan. 3. Finding the difference on the time series between Taiwan and other countries when we developed the information economy model and making the policy suggestions on it. Key Words: Information Economy, Input-Output Table, ICT, National Income Accounts, Value-added

In large controller-datapath systems, the switching activity of datapath is administered by controller. The unnecessary switching activity will cause more power consumption, and therefore the design of controllers (i.e. Finite State Machines, FSMs) will influence the whole power consumption of the systems. The state assignment and output encoding are the two major factors influencing the power of system under the hardware implementation of controllers. In this paper, we present an integer linear programming (ILP) method to solve the state assignment and output encoding problems. The purpose is to reduce switching activity such that the goal of power optimization can be achieved. It has not to reschedule the operations of datapath under timing and resource constraints and has no extra area overhead. In order to verify the effectiveness of our proposed ILP approach, we use this approach to implement several controller-datapath systems. Experimental results show that our proposed approach achieves an average of 30.513% power savings compared to the traditional area optimal synthesis tool, SIS, where power is not considered. Our proposed approach does not cause extra area overhead while achieving a significant power saving of systems.

One of the most critical blocks in a wide-band continuous time sigma delta (CTSD) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is the loop filter. For most loop filter topologies, the performance of the filter depends largely on the performance of the operational amplifiers (op-amps) used in the filter. The op-amps need to have high linearity, low noise and large gain over a wide bandwidth. In this work, the impact of op-amp parameters like noise and linearity on system level performance of the CTSD ADC is studied, and the design specifications are derived for the op-amps. A new class-AB bias scheme, which is more robust to process variations and has an improved high frequency response over the conventional Monticelli bias scheme, is proposed. A biquadratic filter which forms the input stage of a 5th order low pass CTSD ADC is used as a test bench to characterize the op-amp performance. The proposed class-AB output stage is compared with the class-AB output stage with Monticelli bias scheme and a class-A output stage with bias current reuse. The filter using the new op-amp architecture has lower power consumption than the other two architectures. The proposed class AB bias scheme has better process variation and mismatch tolerance compared to the op-amp that uses conventional bias scheme.

The effective of additional muscle mass in a priming exercise on cardiac output (Q) and pulmonary oxygen uptake (VO2) kinetics (mean response time, s) were determined in cyclists. Outcomes were measured over four trials, each consisting of a 6-minute legs alone (UAL) or arms and legs (ULO) warm-up, 3 minute passive recovery, then 6 minutes leg cycling (PAL, PLO; respectively). Q was significantly higher preceding exercise onset with PAL compared to PLO or ULO (0.72 ± 0.13 vs. 0.58 ± 0.09, 0.43 ± 0.09 L∙min-1; respectively, P < 0.05). Q kinetics did not differ between unprimed (ULO: 38.9 ± 8.6) and primed exercise regardless of muscle mass (PLO: 38.6 ± 11.0; PAL: 40.7 ± 11.3). VO2 kinetics were faster (P < 0.05) with PAL (36.9 ± 6.0) compared to ULO (58.7 ± 10.5). Muscle mass employed during priming exercise had only slight effect on subsequent VO2 and Q responses.

The effective of additional muscle mass in a priming exercise on cardiac output (Q) and pulmonary oxygen uptake (VO2) kinetics (mean response time, s) were determined in cyclists. Outcomes were measured over four trials, each consisting of a 6-minute legs alone (UAL) or arms and legs (ULO) warm-up, 3 minute passive recovery, then 6 minutes leg cycling (PAL, PLO; respectively). Q was significantly higher preceding exercise onset with PAL compared to PLO or ULO (0.72 ± 0.13 vs. 0.58 ± 0.09, 0.43 ± 0.09 L∙min-1; respectively, P < 0.05). Q kinetics did not differ between unprimed (ULO: 38.9 ± 8.6) and primed exercise regardless of muscle mass (PLO: 38.6 ± 11.0; PAL: 40.7 ± 11.3). VO2 kinetics were faster (P < 0.05) with PAL (36.9 ± 6.0) compared to ULO (58.7 ± 10.5). Muscle mass employed during priming exercise had only slight effect on subsequent VO2 and Q responses.

This dissertation focuses on the production of knowledge that contributes to economic growth through the accumulation of human capital and technological change. More specifically, I look at the proclivity and effectiveness of different types of universities and colleges to send individuals on to pursue a doctoral degree in science or engineering (S&E) and how PhD attainment relates to characteristics of students who attend these institutions and the faculty who teach at these institutions. A tobit estimation is employed to test for institution effects, the effect of student and faculty characteristics, and also the impact of economic factors. To partially control for selection, survey results from the Higher Education Research Institute (HERI) are used to determine students’ desire for a PhD when entering and exiting college. I find that student and faculty characteristics matter, as do economic variables. Unobservable and/or un-measureable characteristics affecting PhD output, which differ systematically by type of institution, however, remain even after controlling for the aforementioned variables. Based on the analysis in this dissertation, I conclude that much of what are typically regarded as tier effects on PhD output are in fact due to the selective matching between students and their undergraduate institutions. By adding measures for selective matching and proxies for individual opportunities, we see that ability, faculty characteristics and accomplishments, and peer effects maintain significant, positive effects on rates of PhD output. Finally, rates vary not only by institution type, but also by field.

Instruments for analyzing radio signals are very expensive and their full capacity is seldom used outside the research and development and the type approval departments. Instrument manufacturers have historically integrated the hardware and the software into a single unit. But some instrument manufacturers are beginning to change this. The software is moved to a PC and the hardware samples the time continuous signal and sends it to the computer for analysis or for saving it on a file. Since the data from the hardware is in a raw format this opens up for other than the instrument manufacturer to supply the software. This thesis presents algorithms for calculating power, phase error and frequency error. It is shown that the results from these algorithms are comparable to the results from commercial analysis software. It is concluded that it is possible to create own analysis software at a reasonable cost with the possible downside of it being slower than commercial software.

Recent years, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system gets more and more attentions for its great benefit to the optical fiber communication system for improving the transmission performance. Not only better performance in long distance transmission but also high bit-rate is attractive feature of the OFDM system. The OFDM technology has been developed for the wireless communication system, and is now used in Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL), ETSI Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB), Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB), High Definition Television (HDTV), Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and so on. The OFDM is extensively used in broadband wired and wireless communication systems, and it solves the problem of intersymbol interference (ISI) effectively. Actually, the OFDM is a kind of Multi-Carrier Modulation (MCM), and it is not a brand-new technology. The history of the OFDM can be traced back to 1966 when Chang of Bell Labs introduced the concept of the OFDM. In this thesis, I will briefly introduce the background of optical fiber communication system, then, explain my motivation and the structure of this thesis. Next, theoretical study has been conducted. For the simulation, I discuss the performance of the OFDM system related to the number of subcarriers and the erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) repeater output power. It revealed that small number of subcarriers had better transmission performance. In my study case, repeater output power of 0dBm was the optimum condition. In addition, experimental study has been conducted. For the experiment, the waveform required for the OFDM signal generation was calculated offline, and it was realized by the Arbitrary Waveform Generator (AWG). Finally, this thesis is concluded.

This thesis is composed of two designs: a PT (process, temperature) detector for 2¡ÑVDD output buffer with slew rate compensation, and a slew rate self-adjusting 2¡ÑVDD output buffer with PVT compensation. In the first topic, a PT detector for 2¡ÑVDD output buffer with slew-rate compensa-tion is proposed. The driving current of 2¡ÑVDD output stages varies provided that the process and temperature conditions are different. For example, the driving current of 2¡ÑVDD output stage will be low at poor PVT corners. By contrast, the driving current will be high at good PVT corners. The process corner and temperature of NMOS and PMOS should be detected by threshold voltage variation thereof, respectively, such that the slew rate compensation is feasible. The proposed sensors will carry out the PT de-tection and compensate the driving current based on the detected corner, such that the slew rate variation of the output stage will be reduced. The second topic is a slew rate self-adjusting 2¡ÑVDD output buffer with PVT compensation. An NMOS and PMOS process detector is proposed to detect the process corners of NMOS and PMOS, respectively, while the voltage and temperature sensor is proposed to detect the voltage and temperature variations by body effect.

The main contents of this thesis are improving a UWB LNA, and analyze the input-matching, the noise, and the gain. First we use the feedback of the input transistor , and it different from the traditional source-degeneration inductor.The design can increase the gain and reduce the noise of the circuit.The second stage CS architecture designed to improve the overall gain of the circuit. Output level to use the source follower with the device even when the output matching . In the input matching,we use a shunt inductor and the impedance of the transistor itself to achieve high frequency matching. The UWB LNA dissipates 16.8 mW power and achieves input return loss (S11) -9.3 to -10 dB, output return loss (S22) -16.83 to -13 dB, forward gain (S21) 13.8 to 11.6 dB, reverse isolation (S12) below -30 dB, and noise figure (NF) of 2.38~3.31 dB over the 6~10 GHz band of interest. 1-dB compression point (P1dB) of -12.5 dBm and input third-order inter-modulation point (IIP3) of -2.5 dBm are achieved at 6 GHz.