Orientadores: Sophie Françoise Mauricette Derchain, Luis Otavio Zanatta Sarian / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T14:37:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Campos_CamiladeMelo_M.pdf: 1462137 bytes, checksum: faa2f41f3fb8975de5506f358d8e374d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: A discriminação de tumores malignos entre mulheres com diagnóstico de massas anexiais pode ser difícil devido a limitações na acurácia do exame ultrassonográfico e à disponibilidade de pessoal especializado para realizá-lo. O índice de risco de malignidade visa a simplificar e padronizar a rotina ultrassonográfica para fornecer uma avaliação rápida e direta da massa anexial. Neste estudo foi examinado o desempenho de quatro variações deste índice (IRM 1 a 4) em um centro terciário de assistência e pesquisa em câncer ginecológico com a realização de exame ultrassonográfico por pessoal inserido em programa de treinamento supervisionado. Método: 158 mulheres com diagnóstico de massa anexial foram avaliadas antes da cirurgia utilizando-se as quatro variações do IRM. O exame foi realizado por ultrassonografistas com níveis variados de experiência e incluídos em programa de treinamento. Indicadores de desempenho para os diferentes tipos de IRM foram calculados utilizando-se de metodologia conhecida e o padrão-ouro para diagnóstico foi a análise anatomopatológica. Resultados: A prevalência de tumores malignos foi de 32%. Pacientes com tumores malignos eram mais idosas quando comparadas às pacientes com diagnóstico de tumores benignos (idade média 45,9+15,0 anos versus 55,7+16,2; p<0,001). A maioria (77%) dos tumores malignos era epitelial, embora 7/51 (13%) eram originados do estroma. Aproximadamente metade dos tumores primários ovarianos era estágio I. Endometriomas foram as mais frequentes (11%) massas vii anexiais não neoplásicas. Mulheres com tumores malignos apresentaram níveis de CA125, escores de ultrassom e número de tumores com diâmetro >7 cm significativamente maiores que mulheres com tumores benignos. Quando se comparou o desempenho das variantes do IRM no melhor ponto de corte determinado pela análise da curva ROC (receiver operator characteristic), percebeu-se que as variantes do IRM apresentam desempenho semelhante na população geral (pré e pós-menopausa). Entre as mulheres na pré-menopausa, a melhor sensibilidade é obtida com o IRM2 (90%; 95% IC 83-97%) e com o IRM4 (89%; 95% IC 81-97%). A especificidade entre as diferentes variantes do IRM não apresentou diferença significativa. O mesmo desempenho foi obtido entre as variantes do IRM nas mulheres na pré e pós-menopausa. Foram também analisados os indicadores de desempenho nas diferentes variantes do IRM nos pontos de corte progressivos na população geral (pré e pós-menopausa). Os pontos de corte recomendados pela literatura para os IRM1 a 3 é 200 e para o IRM4 é 450. Nesses pontos de corte recomendados, a sensibilidade entre os diferentes IRM variou entre 68% e 78% e a especificidade variou entre 82% e 87%. A pior correspondência entre valores do IRM e o resultado final anatomopatologico foi obtido entre os tumores borderline, em que os tumores foram classificados incorretamente em 50% dos casos utilizando o IRM1 e 3 e em 37% dos casos utilizando o IRM2 e 4. Proporções similares de tumores classificados corretamente e incorretamente foram obtidos com as quatro variantes do IRM. Os tumores epiteliais são mais bem classificados pelo IRM que os não epiteliais. A taxa de falso negativo é maior entre os tumores do estroma: 5/7 tumores de células da granulosa foram incorretamente classificados como viii benignos entre as quatro variantes do IRM. Tumores borderlines foram incorretamente classificados como benignos em 37% a 50% dos casos, dependendo do IRM utilizado. Falsos negativos entre as quatro variantes do IRM são maiores em mulheres com tumores de estágio 1 quando comparados com mulheres em estágio mais avançado (p com valor significativo entre as quatro variantes). Os IRM 1 e 3 classificaram incorretamente a maioria dos tumores estágio 1 como benigno; IRM 2 classifica melhor tumores de estágio 1. É importante ressaltar que 7 tumores de células da granulosa eram estágio 1. Analisou-se a curva ROC para os diferentes IRM na discriminação das mulheres entre tumores malignos e benignos. Os testes que compararam a área sobre a curva de todas as curvas revelaram superioridade discreta do IRM4 sobre o IRM2 (p=0.06). Todos os outros testes realizados entre as curvas não obtiveram resultado significativo. Conclusão: o IRM apresentou desempenho aceitável em um centro terciário de assistência e pesquisa em câncer ginecológico, com ultrassonografistas de conhecimento moderado e em treinamento. O equilíbrio entre o desempenho e a viabilidade, devido à baixa complexidade da realização do exame ultrassonográfico, favorece o IRM quando comparado a outros modelos de triagem para avaliação de massas anexiais / Abstract: Discriminating women with ovarian malignancies among those with adnexal masses may be difficult in medium resource settings due to limitations in ultrasound accuracy and availability of specialized personnel. The Risk of Malignancy Index (RMI) aims at simplifying and standardizing the ultrasound routine in order to provide a fast and straightforward evaluation of the adnexal mass. We examined the performance of four RMI variants (RMI 1 to 4) in a middle-resources gynecologic cancer center, with ultrasound performed by personnel under a training program. Methods: 158 referred due to an adnexal mass were evaluated before surgery using the four RMI variants. Ultrasound was performed by sonographers with variable expertise levels and enduring a training program. Performance indicators for the RMI variants were calculated using standard methodology and the gold standard was pathology of the adnexal mass. Results: The prevalence of malignant tumor was 32%. Patients with malignant tumors were significantly more aged than their counterparts with benign adnexal masses (mean age 45.9+15.0 years versus 55.7+16.2; p<0.001). Most (77%) malignant tumors were epithelial, although 7/51 (13%) were originated in the stroma. Approximately half of the malignant primary ovarian tumors were stage I. Endometriomas were the most frequent (11%) non-neoplasic adnexal masses. Women with malignant tumors had significantly higher CA125 levels, US Scores and tumors of >7cm in diameter than women with benign masses. When comparing the performance of x the RMI variants using the optimal cutoff points as determined with ROC analyses, we notivce than in the general population (pre and postmenopausal women), RMI variants yielded similar performance indicators. In the subset of premenopausal women, the best sensitivity was obtained with RMI 2 (90%; 95%CI 83-97%) and RMI4 (89%; 95%CI 81-97%). Specificity for the RMI variants did not differ significantly. Similar performance was obtained for the RMI variants in pre and post-menopausal women. We then analysed the performance indicators of RMI variants at progressive cutoff points in the general (pre- and postmenopausal) population. The standard (literature recommended) cutoff points for RMI 1 to 3 is 200 and for RMI 4 is 450. At these recommend cutoff points, the sensitivity of the different RMI1 vary from 68% to 78% and specificity vary from 82% to 87%. The worst correspondence between RMI values and final pathology was obtained for borderline tumors, which were incorrectly classified in 50% of the cases using RMI 1 and 3 and 37% of the cases using RMI 2 and 4. Similar proportions of correctly and incorrectly classified benign and malignant tumors were obtained with the four RMI variants. Clearly, RMI classified epithelial tumors much better than it did with non-epithelial tumors. The false negative rate was higher for stromal tumors: 5/7 granulosa cell tumors were incorrectly classified as benign by the four RMI variants. Borderline tumors were also incorrectly classified as benign in 37-50% of the cases depending on the RMI variant used. False negatives of for the RMI variants are higher in women with stage 1 tumors compared to women with more advanced stages (significant p values for all variants). RMI 1 and 3 incorrectly classified the majority of stage 1 tumors as benign; RMI 2 was the variant that best classified stage 1 tumors. It is worth noting that all 7 granulosa cell tumors were xi stage 1. We analysed the receiver¿operating characteristics curve analysis of RMI variants for the discrimination of women with malignant tumors from those with benign tumors. The pairwise permutation tests comparing the AUC for the curves revealed marginally significant superiority of RMI4 over RMI2 (p=0.06). All other pairwise comparisons between the curves returned nonsignificant results. Conclusions: RMI performed acceptably in a medium-resource setting where sonographers had moderate expertise and/or were under training. The tradeoff between performance and feasibility, due to lower ultrasound complexity, favors RMI over other adnexal mass ultrasound-based triaging models / Mestrado / Oncologia Ginecológica e Mamária / Mestra em Ciências da Saúde

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Medicine in Genetic Counselling Johannesburg, 2013 / Five to ten percent of both breast and ovarian cancer cases are attributable to dominantly inherited mutations in genes that predispose to cancer, with a large proportion caused by mutations in the breast and ovarian cancer predisposing genes BRCA1 and BRCA2. Testing for these inherited cancers is indicated for individuals identified as being at high risk, or moderate to high risk, of having a cancer syndrome based on their family history of breast and/or ovarian cancer. Screening for high-risk individuals through services such as genetic counselling, has the potential to improve outcomes for these individuals and lower mortality rates. This study focused on individuals who attended genetic counselling for breast and/or ovarian cancer at the Genetic Counselling Clinics of the Division of Human Genetics, University of the Witwatersrand and the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg from 2001 to 2010. The study was divided into a file review on 218 counsellees and a telephonic interview of 50 counsellees. Focusing on breast and/or ovarian cancer, the study aimed to review who attends genetic counselling and why; who is offered genetic testing; what testing is offered and performed and; who pays for the testing, as well as gain a better understanding of how the service is received by counsellees. The study found that the majority of counsellees are white females, at a high risk of inherited breast and/or ovarian cancer, attend the genetic counselling session alone and are self-referred. There is an under representation of the black and coloured populations and an over representation of the Ashkenazi Jewish population in the cohort. The study‟s findings showed that a main motivator for individuals attending genetic counselling was for BRCA mutation testing, with the majority of testing offered being nationally based testing. The study also demonstrated that the service is generally well received and counsellees reported having a positive experience. Overall, the study pointed to the general lack of understanding and public awareness of genetic counselling, with suggestions to market to both the general population and to other medical professionals in order to reach more high risk individuals. On a practical level, a follow up service was suggested to ensure counsellees adhered to screening measures, informing counsellees on changes to testing protocols and identifying family members who may be at an increased risk of inherited breast and/or ovarian cancer.

No description available.

Dissertation (Ph.D.)--University of South Florida, 2008. / Includes vita. Also available online. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 93-111).

Lic.-avh. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2005. / Härtill 2 uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of South Florida, 2004. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 124-148).

Dissertation (Ph.D.)--University of South Florida, 2008. / Title from PDF of title page. Document formatted into pages; contains 111 pages. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Previamente foi relatado a associação do oleato de etoposídeo à uma microemulsão rica em colesterol (LDE) que é captada por células malignas que superexpressam receptores da Lipoproteína de Baixa Densidade (LDL). A associação do fármaco é estável, sua atividade antiproliferativa é preservada e há uma redução da toxicidade em animais. Dando continuidade, esse trabalho tem como objetivo investigar a cinética plasmática da associação LDE: oleato de etoposídeo e ainda verificar se a associação do fármaco à LDE modifica a propriedade da microemulsão de se concentrar nas células neoplásicas com aumento dos receptores, determinando a captação de ambos os componentes nos tecidos acometidos pelo tumor comparado com o tecido equivalente normal. O [3H]oleato de etoposídeo associado à LDE marcada radioativamente com [14C] oleato de colesterol, foi injetado intravenosamente em 14 pacientes com câncer de ovário (50,6 &#177; 7,5 anos), 24 horas antes da cirurgia. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas no período de 24 horas para determinar a curva de decaimento plasmático da associação. A radioatividade presente nas alíquotas do plasma foi determinada usando solução cintiladora e a Taxa Fracional de Remoção (TFR) foi calculada através de uma análise compartimental. Amostras de tecido ovariano com tumor e sem tumor foram coletadas durante a cirurgia, onde foi dado início ao procedimento de extração lipídica para determinação da radioatividade. A TFR da LDE e do oleato de etoposídeo foram similares (0,0881 e 0,1722 respectivamente, P= 0,2422). A média da captação tecidual de ambos[14C]-LDE e [3H]-oleato de etoposídeo por tecido maligno de ovário foi quatro vezes maior quando comparado com o tecido contralateral sem a doença (captação da LDE= 448 &#177; 184 e 143 &#177; 51 e a captação do oleato de etoposídeo foi de 346 &#177; 75 e 103 &#177; 56, respectivamente). O resultado indica que maior quantidade do fármaco fica retido na partícula da microemulsão, sendo removida da circulação e internalizada pelas células. Em adição foi mostrado que a associação LDE: oleato de etoposídeo teve habilidade de se concentrar nos tecidos malignos de ovário. Contudo, a associação pode ser usada para direcionar e concentrar o oleato de etoposídeo nas células malignas de ovário. / Background: Previously we reported the association of etoposídeo oleate to a cholesterol-rich microemultion (LDE) that is taken up by malignant cells that overexpress low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors. The association of the drug is stable, preserves the anti-proliferative activity of the drug and reduces the toxicity to animals. In order to investigate the plasma kinetics of the association LDE:etoposídeo oleate and to verify whether the complex has the ability to concentrate in malignant ovarian cancer we performed the following analysis. Methods: [3H]etoposídeo oleate associated to LOE labeled with [14C]-Cholesteryl Oleate (CO) was intravenously injected into 10 patients with cancer of ovary (50,6 &#177; 7,5 yr.) 24 h before the surgery. Blood samples were collected over the 24 h period to determine the plasma decay curves of the complex labels. Radioactivity present in plasma aliquots was determined in a scintillation solution and the plasma fractional c1earance rate (FCR) was calculated by compartmental analysis. Specimens of tumors and normal ovaries excised during the surgery were collected for lipid extraction, separation by thin layer chromatography and radioactive counting. Results: Fractional clearance rate (FCR) of LDE and of the drug were similar (0,0881 e 0,1722, respectively, P =0.2422). The mean of the uptake of both [14C]-LDE and [3H]-etoposídeo oleate by malignat tissue of ovary was three fold greater when compared with that of the contralateral normal ovaries (LDE uptake = 448 &#177; 184 and 143 &#177; 51 and etoposídeo oleate uptake = 346 &#177; 75 and 103 &#177; 56, respectively). Conclusions: Our results indicate that most of the drug is retained in the microemulsion particles until its removal from the circulation and internalization by the cells. In addition, we showed that the association LDE:etoposídeo oleate has the hability to concentrate in malignant ovarian tissues. Therefore, the complex can be used to direct and concentrate etoposídeo against malignant ovarian cells.

by Yang Lei. / Publication date from spine. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 110-126). / Acknowledgement --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii / Abbreviations --- p.v / Table of Contents --- p.vi / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature Review --- p.4 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Materials and Methods --- p.41 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Results --- p.58 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Discussion --- p.86 / References --- p.110 / Appendix --- p.120 / Publications --- p.125 / Illustrations --- p.127

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2006. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 156 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.