This study investigates the ideas and conceptions underlying the religious, political and socio-economic principles governing landholding in the Hebrew Bible in relation to the system of land-tenure among the Akan people of Ghana. The Asante as a social unit is used to represent the entire Akan group as a microcosm of the world picture. The primary thrust of the thesis is that the Hebrew Bible reflects some basic conceptions of land which can be compared and contrasted with a contemporary socio-economic system of land administration for implications of land-tenure and use. The Hebrew Bible presents three main types of land ownership: 1) divine ownership of land, a basic theological assertion that land belongs to Yahweh absolutely and that all others, including Israel are God's tenants; 2) communal ownership of land based on the segmentary patrilineage system whereby the tribes and families hold land in trust for members of the community; 3) private ownership of land, an innovation developed as a result of social change. The Asante traditional belief also accepts the principle of divine ownership of land, but while it attributes creation to God, it also affirms that land basically belongs to the ancestors who pass it on to the present and future generations of the society. The other two types of land-tenure, communal and private, are represented in the Asante social system, though with some differences. Stool, lineage and family heads hold land in trust, but on fiduciary basis in the sense of holding both a proprietary and beneficiary interest in the land of which they are custodians. But the corporate matrilineage group is the basic socio-economic factor as far as traditional landholding in Asante is concerned.

Aktieägare investerar kapital med avsikt att få en avkastning, vilket är direkt kopplat till bolagets lönsamhet. För en kapitalintensiv sektor som fastighetsbranschen, är det av stor betydelse att ha en kapitalstruktur väl anpassad till bolagets förutsättningar och behov eftersom detta påverkar resultatet och därmed lönsamheten. Kapitalstrukturen inom bolag beror av flera faktorer, men något som är tydligt enligt tidigare studier är att ägarstrukturen har en koppling till bolagsfinansieringen. De senaste åren har möjligheten till finansiering ändrats drastiskt, med både striktare kapitalkrav från bankerna, men även nya finansieringsalternativ såsom obligationer och certifikat. Detta innebär att kapitalstrukturen har förändrats under de senaste åren, och vi vill därför undersöka hur ägarstrukturen kan kopplas till kapitalstrukturens utveckling och utformning.  Vi utreder denna kopplingen genom en kvantitativ ansats där vi samlar information från bolagens årsredovisningar under en femårig period. Vi studerar ägarstrukturen utifrån ägarfördelning samt ägarkoncentration medan kapitalstrukturen utreds baserat på skuldsättningsgrad och skuldfördelning. Studien bidrar till en ökad förståelse för vad ägarstrukturen kan säga om ett bolags kapitalstruktur. Resultaten kan användas av bolagsledningar vid beslutsfattandet rörande kapitalanskaffning, för att på så sätt kunna agera i ägarnas intresse. Vi finner att privata ägare samt ägande från försäkrings- och pensionsbolag samt AP-fonder har en koppling till en minskad användning av bankfinansiering och istället en ökad användning av finansiering genom obligationer och certifikat. Vi finner även att en koncentrerat ägande har en koppling till en lägre andel bankfinansiering samtidigt som de generellt sett har en högre skuldsättningsgrad. / Shareholders invest capital with the intention of yielding a return, which is determined by the company's profitability. The real estate industry requires a large amount of capital, and the capital structure therefore has a major impact on the companies’ profitability. Capital structure depend on a number of factors, but one thing that is clear according to previous studies is that ownership structure is connected to financing. In recent years, the capital market has seen drastic changes, with both stricter requirements from the banks, but also new financing options such as bonds and certificates. Therefore, we want to investigate how the ownership structure can be linked to the capital structure in terms of both the development as well as the average allocation.  Our study uses a quantitative approach, where we gather information from the companies' annual reports over a five-year period. We study the ownership structure based on ownership distribution and ownership concentration, and the capital structure is investigated based on leverage ratio and debt distribution. The study contributes with an increased understanding of how the ownership structure is connected to the capital structure. The results can be helpful for management in decision-making when raising capital, in order to act in the owners’ interests. Our findings suggest that private owners as well as ownership from insurance and pension companies as well as the AP-funds is connected to a reduced use of bank financing and instead an increased use of bonds and certificates in order to raise capital. We also find that a concentrated ownership is linked to a lower proportion of bank financing, while generally having a higher leverage ratio.