The manual wheelchair (MWC) and power wheelchair (PWC) each present advantages and disadvantages to participation and occupational performance. Consequently, some individuals choose to use both devices, depending upon the activity. A pushrim-activated, power-assisted wheelchair (PPW) may provide an alternative to the PWC for these users. This study utilized a two-phase, mixed methods design, comparing the performance and satisfaction of wheelchair users carrying out self-selected activities with their current PWC and with a PPW. There was no statistically significant difference in outcome measures between the PWC and PPW; however, many participants reported a preference for the PWC. Less accessible environments, particularly when transporting a wheelchair, were identified as opportunities for PPW use. Rather than replacing the PWC for all of their identified activities, participants indicated the PPW improved upon the MWC. As a result, participants expressed a willingness to try more (and new) activities, including some previously performed with the PWC. / October 2006

The manual wheelchair (MWC) and power wheelchair (PWC) each present advantages and disadvantages to participation and occupational performance. Consequently, some individuals choose to use both devices, depending upon the activity. A pushrim-activated, power-assisted wheelchair (PPW) may provide an alternative to the PWC for these users. This study utilized a two-phase, mixed methods design, comparing the performance and satisfaction of wheelchair users carrying out self-selected activities with their current PWC and with a PPW. There was no statistically significant difference in outcome measures between the PWC and PPW; however, many participants reported a preference for the PWC. Less accessible environments, particularly when transporting a wheelchair, were identified as opportunities for PPW use. Rather than replacing the PWC for all of their identified activities, participants indicated the PPW improved upon the MWC. As a result, participants expressed a willingness to try more (and new) activities, including some previously performed with the PWC.

The manual wheelchair (MWC) and power wheelchair (PWC) each present advantages and disadvantages to participation and occupational performance. Consequently, some individuals choose to use both devices, depending upon the activity. A pushrim-activated, power-assisted wheelchair (PPW) may provide an alternative to the PWC for these users. This study utilized a two-phase, mixed methods design, comparing the performance and satisfaction of wheelchair users carrying out self-selected activities with their current PWC and with a PPW. There was no statistically significant difference in outcome measures between the PWC and PPW; however, many participants reported a preference for the PWC. Less accessible environments, particularly when transporting a wheelchair, were identified as opportunities for PPW use. Rather than replacing the PWC for all of their identified activities, participants indicated the PPW improved upon the MWC. As a result, participants expressed a willingness to try more (and new) activities, including some previously performed with the PWC.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-10T11:09:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-08-08Bitstream added on 2014-11-10T11:58:01Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000787189.pdf: 1694398 bytes, checksum: 08e22f45b0de77ece1ff076414b73c52 (MD5) / A demanda por alimentos e ingredientes funcionais tem aumentado, em particular pelos prebióticos. A incorporação de inulina e oligofrutose às bebidas de frutas, como o néctar, torna-se uma alternativa para agregar valor nutritivo aos produtos. Dentre as frutas, o mamão representa uma excelente opção devido ao fácil cultivo, alta produtividade, baixo custo, alto valor nutritivo e particularmente à escassez do néctar dessa fruta no mercado brasileiro. O trabalho objetivou desenvolver néctares de mamão com diferentes concentrações de açúcar, oligofrutose e inulina. Foram elaborados néctares, sem frutanos, com 6, 8, 10 e 12% de açúcar e determinado o ideal de doçura em açúcar. A partir da formulação considerada ideal em doçura, foi aplicada a metodologia de modelagem de misturas para avaliar os efeitos da interação entre açúcar, oligofrutose e inulina na aceitação sensorial e características químicas dos néctares de mamão (variáveis dependentes). As formulações foram avaliadas sensorialmente quanto à aceitação (aparência, aroma, viscosidade, sabor, doçura e avaliação global) e intenção de compra, empregando-se escala hedônica de nove pontos e escala categórica de cinco pontos, respectivamente. Os resultados da aceitação sensorial também foram avaliados por meio da análise de Cluster e Análise de Componentes Principais para construção dos mapas de preferência internos. As formulações foram caracterizadas quimicamente quanto ao teor sólidos solúveis e totais, acidez total titulável, açúcares totais, cinzas e pH. A formulação mais aceita para avaliação global foi monitorada durante quinze dias quanto ao pH, acidez total titulável, bactérias mesófilas, psicrotróficas, bolores e leveduras, coliformes totais e termotolerantes. A formulação com 12% de açúcar foi considerada como ideal em doçura por 36% dos julgadores. A interação entre os ingredientes açúcar, oligofrutose e ... / The demand for food and functional ingredients has increased, in particular by the prebiotics. The incorporation of inulin and oligofructose in fruit drinks, as nectars, is an alternative to increase nutritional value to products. Among fruits, the papaya is an excellent choice because of its easy cultivation, high productivity, low cost, high nutritional value and, particularly, the shortage of this fruit nectar in the Brazilian market. The study aimed to develop papaya nectars with different concentrations of sugar, oligofructose and inulin. Nectars were prepared with 6, 8, 10 and 12% sugar (without fructan) and the ideal sweetness of sugar was determined. From the formulation considered ideal sweetness, the mixtures modeling methodology was applied to assess the effects of the interaction between sugar, oligofructose and inulin on the acceptance sensory and chemical characteristics of papaya nectars (dependent variables). The sensory acceptance regarding to appearance, aroma, viscosity, flavor, sweetness and overall evaluation and purchase intent was evaluated, using a nine point hedonic scale and categorical scale of five points, respectively. The results of sensory acceptance were also assessed by cluster analysis and principal component analysis to construct internal preference maps. The formulations were characterized regarding to soluble solids and total, titratable acidity, total sugars, ash and pH. The best formulation for overall assessment was monitored for two weeks for pH, titratable acidity, mesophilic, psychrotrophic, yeasts and molds, total and fecal coliforms. The formulation with 12% sugar was considered ideal for sweetness by 36% of the panelists. The interaction between the ingredients sugar, oligofructose and inulin influenced the acceptance for the taste and the sweetness of the nectar, and the formulation with 6% sugar and 6% inulin was the most acceptable for these attributes. The preference for attributes of this ...

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:37:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 243315 bytes, checksum: 054bf30c4a50c22bf027493817fb918f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Besides increasing production fees, the indiscriminate used of nematicidal chemicals may threaten farmers and consumers health, as well as contaminate the environment. Consequently, alternative methods for management of nematodes are preferred, such as the use of nematophagous fungi allied to organic matter incorporation to the soil. The objectives of this work were: 1- to evaluate the minimum effective dose of papaw seed's flour (FSM) with and without biofumigation, for the control of M. javanica; 2- to evaluate the effect of Pochonia chlamydosporia, applied in the form of chlamydospore or colonized coconut fiber, together with different doses of FMS against M. javanica and 3- to evaluate the effect of fungi and bacteria, isolated from soils treated with FSM, over M. javanica. The collective and accumulative effect of the toxic gasses released during the FSM decomposition, together with the high temperatures, conferred a considerable reduction in the quantity of FSM to be incorporated to the soil, especially if the soil was immediately covered after incorporation. Evaluating the applying of P. chlamydosporia fungi, it was determined that colonized coconut fiber was not efficient as a method for the introduction of this microorganism. Soil application of P. chlamydosporia must be done on infested soil and a period of more than seven days has to be held before planting, in order to allow fungi establishment and its activity over the initial nematode inoculum, with a consequent reduction in penetration, number of root knots and number of eggs at end of the nematode's life cycle. No antagonistic activity against nematodes was observed in bacteria isolated from soils where FSM was incorporated. Only one isolate of the fungi Trichoderma sp. resulted in nematode control, and only when introduced in the soil together with the host planting, 15 days before nematode eggs introduction. This period of exposition was not proportioned in the experiment from where the fungi was isolated, thus it was impossible to determine the role of such isolate in the control of the nematode. / O uso indiscriminado de nematicidas, além de onerar o custo de produção, pode colocar em risco a saúde dos aplicadores, dos consumidores e contaminar o meio ambiente. Desta forma, métodos alternativos para o manejo de nematóides são cada vez mais desejáveis, tais como o uso de fungos nematófagos aliado à incorporação de matéria orgânica. Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram avaliar a dose mínima efetiva de farinha de sementes de mamão (FSM) em biofumigação ou não, para o controle de M. javanica; testar o efeito de Pochonia chlamydosporia, aplicado na forma de clamidósporos ou de fibra de coco colonizada, juntamente com diferentes doses de FSM sobre M. javanica e verificar o efeito de fungos e bactérias, isolados de solos tratados com FSM sobre M. javanica. O efeito conjunto e cumulativo dos gases tóxicos liberados durante a decomposição da FSM, aliado às elevadas temperaturas proporcionou uma considerável redução da quantidade de FSM a ser incorporada no solo, principalmente se o solo for coberto imediatamente após a incorporação desse material. Ao se avaliar a forma de aplicação do fungo P. chlamydosporia constatou-se que a fibra de coco colonizada não foi efetiva como método de introdução deste microrganismo. A aplicação de P. chlamydosporia deve ser feita em solo infestado e deve-se aguardar um período maior do que uma semana antes do plantio para que o fungo possa se estabelecer e atuar sobre o inóculo inicial do nematóide, o que reduz a penetração e os números de galhas e ovos no final do ciclo de vida do nematóide. Bactérias isoladas de solo onde havia sido incorporado FSM não apresentaram atividade antagônica ao nematóide. Somente um isolado do fungo Trichoderma sp. resultou em controle do nematóide e apenas quando introduzido no solo no plantio com o hospedeiro, isto é, 15 dias antes da introdução dos ovos do nematóide. Este período de exposição não foi proporcionado noexperimento de onde este fungo foi isolado, portanto não é possível determinar o papel desse isolado no controle do nematóide.