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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Distribuição de carbono e nitrogênio orgânicos particulados em duas enseadas do estuário da Lagoa dos Patos- RS

Ribeiro, Ana Renata Louzada January 2006 (has links)
Dissertação(mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanografia Física, Química e Geológica, Instituto de Oceanografia, 2006. / Submitted by Cristiane Silva (cristiane_gomides@hotmail.com) on 2013-02-18T14:26:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_ana_renata.pdf: 1874697 bytes, checksum: bf17d3113d513b65a1b3794a25a72638 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Bruna Vieira(bruninha_vieira@ibest.com.br) on 2013-06-12T01:26:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_ana_renata.pdf: 1874697 bytes, checksum: bf17d3113d513b65a1b3794a25a72638 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-06-12T01:26:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_ana_renata.pdf: 1874697 bytes, checksum: bf17d3113d513b65a1b3794a25a72638 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Em estuários, o carbono e o nitrogênio orgânicos particulados (COP e NOP) estão entre os principais constituintes do material em suspensão (MS). O carbono orgânico pode provir de fontes naturais em muitas áreas costeiras, porém tem-se observado processos de eutrofização originados de intensos aportes antrópicos de COP e NOP. Pesquisas relativas à fração orgânica do MS no estuário da Lagoa dos Patos são escassas para o carbono e nitrogênio. Em função de sua importância o presente trabalho estuda este aspecto, sendo parte do grupo temático “Qualidade Ambiental e Biodiversidade”, que se enquadrada no projeto “Uso e Apropriação dos Recursos Costeiros (RECOS)”, do Instituto do Milênio. O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a distribuição de COP e NOP nas enseadas Saco da Mangueira (impactada) e Saco do Arraial (menos impactada), através do desenvolvimento do método de análise elementar CHNS, para avaliar o estado de contaminação orgânica das referidas enseadas e compará-lo com outros ambientes aquáticos. O presente estudo ocorreu de outubro/03 a junho/04, nas duas enseadas, com coletas bimensais da água de superfície em 4 locais de cada uma. As amostras foram filtradas, após os filtros foram secos a 60°C por 24 horas, descarbonatados com vapor de HCl concentrado e novamente secos a 60°C por 24 horas. As amostras foram analisadas para carbono e nitrogênio no equipamento Perkin Elmer CHN/S modelo 2400. Os resultados revelaram variações nas concentrações de COP e NOP na água de superfície, com maiores valores encontrados em dezembro/03 (primavera) e fevereiro/04 (verão). A enseada do Saco do Arraial mostrou características aproximadamente constantes nos níveis de COP (344 a 2354 μg L-1) e NOP (130 a 836 μg L-1), quando comparado com o Saco da Mangueira, sendo que as concentrações mais elevadas estão associadas a contribuições autóctones de produtores primários, destacando-se o fitoplâncton. Entretanto, a enseada do Saco da Mangueira apresentou influência provável de fatores antrópicos nos níveis de COP (193 a 2794 μg L-1) e NOP (72 a 2386 μg L-1) sendo mais expressivos no final da primavera e verão. Em ambas regiões, a participação média do fitoplâncton ao COP menor que 30%, associada aos baixos valores de relação C/N (4–5), confirmam a participação das bactérias juntamente com o fitoplâncton nos níveis de COP e NOP. Os valores mínimos e máximos de COP foram semelhantes entre os dois locais pesquisados, mas a concentração máxima de NOP esteve aproximadamente três vezes maior no Saco da Mangueira, sendo o parâmetro que melhor caracterizou sua eutrofização. Os elementos particulados apresentaram concentrações mínimas e máximas maiores que os valores obtidos nos demais estuários que participaram do Programa RECOS, e semelhantes aos níveis encontrados em outros ambientes aquáticos. Exceção foi encontrada para o valor máximo de NOP no Saco da Mangueira que ficou com concentrações acima dos demais estuários, devido à possibilidade do nitrogênio constituinte do MS ressuspendido ter uma origem não apenas orgânica, mas também inorgânica. Isso se deve ao longo histórico de efeitos humanos no Saco da Mangueira, com elevados aportes de nutrientes e materiais particulados provenientes da área urbana e industrial da cidade de Rio Grande. / In estuaries, the particulate organic carbon and nitrogen (POC and PON) are one of the main constituents of the material in suspension (MS). The organic carbon can come from natural sources in many coastal areas, however it has observed eutrofization processes originated of intense antropic input of POC and PON. Research about the organic fraction of the MS in the estuary of the Patos Lagoon is scarce for carbon and nitrogen. In function of its importance the present work study this subject, being part of the thematic group "Quality Ambient and Biodiversity", that belongs in the project "Use and Appropriation of Recursos Costeiros (RECOS)", of the Institute of the Milênio. The present study has as objective to evaluate the distribution of POC and PON in the Saco da Mangueira (impacted) and Saco do Arraial (less impacted), through the development of the method of elementary analysis CHNS, to evaluate the state of organic contamination of the mentioned embayments and to compare it with other aquatic environments. The present study occurred from outubro/03 to junho/04, in both embayments, with semimonthly collections of surface water in 4 places of each one. The samples were filtered, then the filters were dry at 60°C for 24 hours, exposed to a vapor of HCl and again dried at 60°C for 24 hours. The samples were analyzed for carbon and nitrogen in the equipment Perkin Elmer CHN/S model 2400. The results showed variations in the concentrations of POC and PON in the surface water, with higher values found in dezembro/03 (spring) and fevereiro/04 (summer). The Saco do Arraial showed approximate3ly constant characteristics in the levels of POC (344 the 2354 μg L-1) and PON (130 the 836 μg L-1), when compared with the Saco da Mangueira, being high concentrations associated with autoctones contributions of primary producers, distinguishing the phytoplankton. However, the Saco da Mangueira presented likely influence of antropic factors in the levels of POC (193 the 2794 μg L-1) and PON (72 the 2386 μg L-1) being expressive at the end of the spring and summer. In both regions, the average participation of phytoplankton to the POC lesser that 30%, associated to the low values of relation C/N (4-5), confirm the participation of the bacteria with phytoplankton in the levels of POC and PON. The minimum and maximum values of POC were similar between the two study places, but the maximum concentration of PON was approximately three times bigger in the Saco da Mangueira, being the parameter that better characterized its eutrofization. These particulate elements presented minimum and maximum concentrations greater that values of other estuaries, which participated of Program RECOS, and similar to the levels found in other aquatic environments. Exception was found for the maximum value of PON in the Saco da Mangueira that had concentrations higher than other estuaries, due to the nitrogen constituent of the ressuspended MS to have not only an organic origin, but also inorganic. This should be due to the long historic of human effect in the Saco da Mangueira, with high inputs of nutrients and particulate materials proceeding from urban and industrial areas of the city of Rio Grande.
12

Impact of Land Use on Headwater Stream Organic and Inorganic Carbon Export in a Temperate Midwestern Experimental Watershed

Kelsey, Scott Alan 23 September 2016 (has links)
No description available.
13

COMPARTIMENTOS DA MATÉRIA ORGÂNICA DO SOLO COMO INDICADORES DO SEQÜESTRO DE CARBONO EM SISTEMA PLANTIO DIRETO DE LONGA DURAÇÃO

Ferreira, Ademir de Oliveira 13 July 2009 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-25T19:29:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ademir Oliveira Ferreira.pdf: 1294842 bytes, checksum: 8d7036f6aefa0cf3c549b0c63029e109 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-07-13 / Decrease in soil organic carbon (SOC) content of the surface layer into deeper layers indicates the occurrence of the stratification in the profile due to continuous C addition of crop residues enriching the soil surface layer. The objective of this study was: in Chapter 3 the relationship of stratification (RE) of C of the soil organic matter (SOM) pools can be an indicator of C sequestration in no-tillage soils? In the chapter 4 the tensile strength of aggregates is affected by the C content of Pedosequence of Latosol with medium and clay texture? in Chapter 5 which is the C balance and the amount of crop residue needed to maintain a stable C balance in a Latosol with a medium and clay texture? The experimental design was a completely randomized 2x2x2 factorial with 12 treatments. Treatments consisted of: a) an Oxisol (Red Latosol) with medium and clayey texture, b) two soil sampling periods (T1 and T2) with one year interval between them, and c) two soil sampling depths (0-5 and 5-20 cm). The soil attributes assessed were: the separation of water stable aggregates classes (19-8, 8-4, 4-2, 2-1, 1-0,5 and 05-0,25 mm), particulate organic carbon (POC), total particulate nitrogen (TPN) in the aggregate classes. Also was determined total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (NT) in the whole sample and in the aggregates sizes classes and tensile strength of aggregates. The relationship of stratification was calculated by dividing the TOC and TN values of 0-5 cm layer by the values of the same attributes of 5-20 cm layer. The C sequestration rate and the stratification ratio changes were calculated by the difference between the T2 values minus T1. The tensile strength was measured in soil aggregates and assessed in 1920 aggregates for each sampling time. Also TOC and NT content were measured in aggregates. The aggregates greater than 8 mm represented more than 70 of the total mass in both the clay and in sandy soil. The relationship of stratification ratio (0-5:5-20 cm) of SOC, TN, POC and TPN soil indicated the improvement of the surface layer. A significant linear relationship between the SR and C sequestration rate in both textural classes showed an increase in C sequestration and was more evident in LV with medium texture. The increase in TOC content resulted in decreased tensile strength (TS) of the aggregates and was more evident in the 0-5 cm layer. The TS showed inverse relationship with the soil density and was higher in the LV medium texture. The rate of sequestration of C was 0.86 for the LV with medium texture and 0.76 Mg ha-1 for the clay texture and to maintain the stable balance of C is required an input of 8.6 Mg ha-1 of crop residues. The results presented confirm the hypothesis of SR to be a sensitive indicator for the rate of carbon sequestration in no-tillage soil. Key-words: Carbon stock, Carbon balance, Carbon sequestration, Soil management systems, particulate organic carbon, particulate nitrogen. / A redução no conteúdo de carbono (C) da camada superficial em direção as camadas mais profundas do solo indica a formação da estratificação no perfil devido à adição contínua de C pelos resíduos orgânicos resultando no enriquecendo a camada superficial do solo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os seguintes assuntos: a) a relação de estratificação (RE) de C dos compartimentos da matéria orgânica do solo (MOS) pode ser um indicador do seqüestro de C no sistema plantio direto. b) a resistência tênsil dos gregados pode ser afetada pelo conteúdo de C em Pedossequencia de Latossolo com textura média e argilosa. c) o balanço de C e a quantidade de resíduos culturais necessária para manter o equilíbrio estável de C em um Latossolo com textura média e argilosa. O delineamento experimental foi um fatorial 2x2x2 inteiramente casualizado com 12 tratamentos. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de: a) um Latossolo Vermelho com textura média e argilosa, duas épocas de amostragem do solo (E1 e E2) com um ano de intervalo entre si e duas profundidades de amostragem (0-5 e 5-20 cm). Os atributos avaliados foram: a separação das classes de agregados do tamisamento úmido (19-8, 8-4, 4-2, 2-1, 1-0,5 e 05-0,25 mm), o carbono orgânico particulado (COP), o nitrogênio total particulado (NTP) nas classes de agregado, o C orgânico total (COT) e o nitrogênio total (NT) na amostra integral e nas classes de agregados e a resistência tênsil dos agregados. A relação de estratificação (RE) foi calculada dividindo-se o valor de COT e NT da camada de 0-5 cm pelo valor na camada 5-20 cm. A taxa de seqüestro de C e a variação da relação de estratificação foram calculadas através da diferença (D) entre os valores da E2 menos o da E1. A resistência tênsil (RT) do solo foi avaliada em 1920 agregados de cada época de coleta, determinando-se, também o conteúdo de COT e NT. A classe de agregado > 8 mm representou mais de 70% da massa dos agregados tanto na textura argilosa como na arenosa. Da mesma forma, o conteúdo de COT e NT foram maiores na classe de agregado > do que 4 mm comparado as demais classes nas duas classes texturais. A relação de estratificação 5:5-20 cm) de COT, NT, COP e NTP do solo indicou a melhoria da qualidade do solo da camada superficial. A relação linear e significativa entre o DRE com a taxa de seqüestro de carbono nas duas classes texturais mostrou o aumento no seqüestro de C e foi mais evidente no LV com textura média. O incremento do conteúdo de COT resultou na diminuição da resistência tênsil (RT) dos agregados e foi mais evidente na camada de 0-5 cm. A RT apresentou relação inversa com a densidade do solo e foi superior no LV textura média. A taxa de seqüestro de C foi de 0,86 para o LV textura média e 0,76 Mg ha-1 para o textura argilosa e para manter o equilíbrio estável de C é necessário o aporte de 8,6 Mg ha-1 de resíduos culturais. Os resultados apresentados confirmaram a hipótese da RE ser um indicador sensível para a taxa de seqüestro de carbono no solo em um sistema sob plantio direto consolidado.
14

The hydrological flux of organic carbon at the catchment scale: a case study in the Cotter River catchment, Australia

Sabetraftar, Karim, Karim.Sabetraftar@anu.edu.au January 2005 (has links)
Existing terrestrial carbon accounting models have mainly investigated atmosphere-vegetationsoil stocks and fluxes but have largely ignored the hydrological flux of organic carbon. It is generally assumed that biomass and soil carbon are the only relevant pools in a landscape ecosystem. However, recent findings have suggested that significant amounts of organic carbon can dissolve (dissolved organic carbon or DOC) or particulate (particulate organic carbon or POC) in water and enter the hydrological flux at the catchment scale. A significant quantity of total organic carbon (TOC) sequestered through photosynthesis may be exported from the landscape through the hydrological flux and stored in downstream stocks.¶ This thesis presents a catchment-scale case study investigation into the export of organic carbon through a river system in comparison with carbon that is produced by vegetation through photosynthesis. The Cotter River Catchment was selected as the case study. It is a forested catchment that experienced a major wildfire event in January 2003. The approach is based on an integration of a number of models. The main input data were time series of in-stream carbon measurements and remotely sensed vegetation greenness. The application of models to investigate diffuse chemical substances has dramatically increased in the past few years because of the significant role of hydrology in controlling ecosystem exchange. The research firstly discusses the use of a hydrological simulation model (IHACRES) to analyse organic carbon samples from stream and tributaries in the Cotter River Catchment case study. The IHACRES rainfall-runoff model and a regionalization method are used to estimate stream-flow for the 75 sub-catchments. The simulated streamflow data were used to calculate organic carbon loads from concentrations sampled at five locations in the catchment.¶ The gross primary productivity (GPP) of the vegetation cover in the catchment was estimated using a radiation use efficiency (RUE) model driven by MODIS TERRA data on vegetation greenness and modeled surface irradiance (RS). The relationship between total organic carbon discharged in-stream and total carbon uptake by plants was assessed using a cross-correlation analysis.¶ The IHACRES rainfall-runoff model was successfully calibrated at three gauged sites and performed well. The results of the calibration procedure were used in the regionalization method that enabled streamflow to be estimated at ungauged locations including the seven sampling sites and the 75 sub-catchment areas. The IHACRES modelling approach was found appropriate for investigating a wide range of issues related to the hydrological export of organic carbon at the catchment scale. A weekly sampling program was implemented to provide estimates of TOC, DOC and POC concentrations in the Cotter River Catchment between July 2003 and June 2004. The organic carbon load was estimated using an averaging method.¶ The rate of photosynthesis by vegetation (GPP) was successfully estimated using the radiation use efficiency model to discern general patterns of vegetation productivity at sub-catchment scales. This analysis required detailed spatial resolution of the GPP across the entire catchment area (comprising 75 sub-catchment areas) in addition to the sampling locations. Important factors that varied at the catchment scale during the sampling period July 2003 – June 2004, particularly the wildfire impacts, were also considered in this assessment. ¶ The results of the hydrologic modelling approach and terrestrial GPP outcome were compared using cross correlation and regression analysis. This comparison revealed the likely proportion of catchment GPP that contributes to in-stream hydrological flux of organic carbon. TOC Load was 0.45% of GPP and 22.5 - 25% of litter layer. As a result of this investigation and giving due consideration to the uncertainties in the approach, it can be concluded that the hydrological flux of organic carbon in a forested catchment is a function of gross primary productivity.
15

Fluxo de carbono de zooplâncton e pelotas fecais coletados com armadilhas de sedimentação no sistema de ressurgência de Cabo Frio (RJ)

Botero Avila, Manuel Fernando 18 April 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Biblioteca de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica BGQ (bgq@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-04-18T16:35:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Manuel_Fernando_Botero_2013.pdf: 3479801 bytes, checksum: bf039bb1ede70e046e8c2d699bf99bbd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-18T16:35:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Manuel_Fernando_Botero_2013.pdf: 3479801 bytes, checksum: bf039bb1ede70e046e8c2d699bf99bbd (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal Nível Superior / Universidade Federal Fluminense. Instituto de Química. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências- Geoquímica, Niterói, RJ / Os oceanos exportam o CO2 atmosférico para o fundo na forma de carbono orgânico particulado (COP) através da sedimentação de partículas planctônicas: detrito, fitoplâncton e pelotas fecais (PF). Em Cabo frio, sudeste da costa Brasileira, os eventos de ressurgência da ACAS ricas em nutrientes possibilitam o aumento na produtividade de comunidades fito e zooplanctônicas, COP e PFs. As PFs exportam carbono (C) para o fundo marinho e seu aporte para o fluxo de COP é variável, afetado pela natureza da rede trófica e a remineralização na coluna de água. O estudo do fluxo de COP é realizado mediante armadilhas de sedimentação que coletam partículas em intervalos pré-programados na parte externa da plataforma continental de Cabo Frio. Um fator de interferência no cálculo de COP é o zooplâncton ou swimmer (SW) que entra ativamente nas armadilhas de sedimentos através da migração vertical, causando uma superestimação no fluxo de partículas. As coletas de SWs e PFs foram realizadas com duas armadilhas de sedimentação em 50 e 100 m de profundidade, equipadas com 13 garrafas coletoras. Os intervalos de coleta foram de 5-7 dias por garrafa durante outono e inverno de 2011 e verão 2012. O material coletado nas garrafas foi passado através de peneiras de 1 mm e 500 μm de malha para separar os SWs. As PFs foram triadas a partir de uma aliquota da amostra peneirada. Os SWs e PFs foram separados, classificados e seu teor de C foi analisado. O fluxo de COP foi entre 0,2 e 4,4 mg C m-2 dia-1 sendo superior durante o verão, épocas de maior produtividade primária, produto de uma maior intrusão da ACAS na camada fótica. Os SWs representaram 63-94 % do C coletado na armadilha e foram constituídos principalmente por copépodos e pterópodos. O fluxo da maioria dos grupos de SWs aumentou no verão, produto de uma maior disponibilidade de alimento e diminuíram com a profundidade. O fluxo de C de PFs representou uma média de 1,5 % do fluxo de COP na maioria dos intervalos o que sugere a predominância de processos de remineralização na coluna d‟água. As variáveis medidas, não explicam os aumentos de PF em dois intervalos do inverno (até 56 % do COP), portanto se verifica uma alta dinâmica física das massas d‟água no ponto de coleta do sistema de ressurgência de Cabo Frio. A alta presença de SWs e o baixo fluxo de PFs descrevem uma área de baixa produtividade e altos processos de remineralização / The oceans export atmospheric CO2 to deep in the form of particulate organic carbon (POC) through the sedimentation of planktonic particles: detritus, phytoplankton and fecal pellets (FP). At Cabo Frio, southeast of Brazil margin coast, upwelling events of rich nutrients waters from South Atlantic Central Water (SACW) allow an increase in productivity of phyto and zooplankton communities, POC and FPs. The FPs can export carbon (C) to depth and their contribution to the POC flux is variable and is affected by the configuration of the food chain and remineralization in the water column. The study of the POC flux its made by sedimentation traps, that collect particles in pre-programmed time intervals on the outer continental shelf of Cabo Frio. The swimmers (SW) are zooplankton that interference on POC flux calculation. The SWs enter actively into the sediment traps through vertical migration, causing an overestimation of particle flux. The sampling of FPs and SWs were performed with two sediment traps with 13 sampler bottles at 50 and 100 m depth. The sampling intervals were 5-7 days per bottle during fall and winter of 2011 and summer of 2012. The collected material in the bottles was sieved with 1 mm and 500 μm sieves to separate SWS. The FPs were picked from an aliquot of the sieved sample. SWs and PFs were separated, sorted and their C content was analyzed. The POC flux oscillated between 0.2 and 4,4 mg C m-2 day-1 being higher during the summer, this is a season with higher primary production due to a higher frequency of intrusions of SAWC in the photic layer. The SWs accounted for 63-94 % of C collected in the trap and were composed mainly of copepods and pteropods. The flux of most groups of SWs increased during summer product of mayor food availability and decrease with depth. The C flux of PFs represents an average of 1.5 % of COP in the most of intervals, which suggests predominance of remineralization processes in the water column. The measured variables did not explain the increase of FPs in two intervals of winter (45-56 % of POC), therefore there is a high physical dynamics of water masses at the collection point in the Cabo Frio upwelling system. The high presence of SWs and low flux of PFs and POC describes an area of with low productivity and high remineralization processes
16

Response and Biophysical Regulation of Carbon Fluxes to Climate Variability and Anomaly in Contrasting Ecosystems

Chu, Housen January 2014 (has links)
No description available.
17

Integrating Livestock And Winter Annual Forages Into A No-Till Corn Silage System

Stefani Faé, Giovani 08 December 2008 (has links)
No description available.

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