MAAS / MER Mathivha Centre for African Languages, Arts and Culture

“Moto Spare Parts” es una idea de negocio, una empresa multimarca que comercializa kits de repuestos originales para motocicletas. Asimismo, esta propuesta va en sinergia con el estilo de vida que han adoptado varias personas en Lima Metropolitana. Es por ello que se canaliza la comercialización a través de un aplicativo móvil. En Perú, debido a las medidas de confinamiento (Covid-19), se incrementó el comercio electrónico de productos y como consecuencia el servicio de delivery está en todo su apogeo, sobre todo para aquellos que usan la motocicleta como herramienta de trabajo. Sin embargo, debido al incremento de este servicio, las motocicletas requieren un mantenimiento más frecuente, es por ello que los clientes buscan casas de repuestos o tiendas multimarca confiables. También, buscan reducir el tiempo que les toma adquirir el repuesto y el tiempo de entrega. En relación a ello, se desarrolló el aplicativo móvil que tiene como segmento de clientes mujeres y hombres de 18 a 39 años del NSE B y C de las zonas de 2, 3, y 10 de Lima Metropolitana, quienes son consumidores de repuestos para el mantenimiento de motocicletas y optan por comprar los repuestos a través de plataformas digitales. Para realizar el proyecto se necesitará una inversión de S/ 157,213.00, la cual está compuesta por el aporte de accionistas. Se ofrecerá una tasa de rentabilidad de 14.61% y se espera recuperar la inversión en 2 años. / "Moto Spare Parts" is a business idea, a multi-brand company that sells original spare parts kits for motorcycles. Additionally, this proposal is in cooperation with the lifestyle adopted by several people in Metropolitan Lima. That is why selling is through mobile applications. In Peru, due to confinement measures (Covid-19), electronic commerce of products increased and so the delivery service is on peak, especially for those who use the motorcycle as a work tool. However, due to the increase in this service, motorcycles require more frequent maintenance, which is why customers look for reliable spare parts houses or multi-brand stores. Also, they look to reduce the time it takes to buy the part and the delivery time. In relation to this, the mobile application was developed, having has as a segment of customers, women, and men between 18 and 39 years of the NSE B and C of the zones 2, 3 and 10 of Metropolitan Lima, who are consumers of spare parts for maintenance of motorcycles and choose to buy spare parts through digital platforms. To develop the project, we will need an investment of S/ 157,213.00 PEN, which is made up of the contribution of shareholders. A 14.61% rate of return will be offered, and the investment is expected to be recovered in the 2 year. / Trabajo de investigación

Title of the thesis: Selected diagnostic procedures during the annual macrocycle of the floorball season which are used to demonstrate a specific asymmetry in floorball players Aims of the thesis: The aim of this work is to identify and analyze the specific time period during the floorball season, which is characteristic with the biggest muscle asymmetry caused due to a specific exercise load that floorball demands. Methods: The research was conducted among elite floorball teams of the top men's floorball competition in the Czech Republic and the tested research group included only male professional athletes. The probands (n = 18 input measurements, n = 10 output measurements) took a total of four complex measurements. Testing was held once before the pre-conditioning period, once during the main course and twice before the playoff. Missing data was supplemented and approximated by the method of multiple imputations in Mplus software. Selected body composition parameters were evaluated, tested and measured on various measuring instruments and machines such as Tanita MC-980MA. The footscan® systems were used to measure postural stability. The explosive force was measured using Kistler force plates and the Cybex Humac Norm isokinetic dynamometer was used to determine the muscle strength of the lower...

Some signs denoting substances and signs denoting events are formally and semantically related in the Czech sign language. These signs can be distinguished by different parameters. This study looked at the parameters of the relative duration of a signing, the use of mouthing, the juxtaposition of signs and the frequency and mode of motion. Signs denoting substances and signs denoting events can be clearly distinguished by those features n Czech sign language. Key words Czech sign language, sign languages, nouns, verbs, noun-verb distinction, word classes

Aus der Einleitung: "Faser-Kunststoff-Verbund (FKV)-Werkstoffe finden einen immer breiteren Einsatz in allen Bereichen der Industrie, wie zum Beispiel in der Luft- und Raumfahrt, im Automotive-Bereich, im Maschinenbau und bei Sportgeräten. Dabei entstehen besondere Herausforderungen für Entwickler, da Eigenschaften und Verfahren im Zusammenhang dieser Werkstoffe sich deutlich von denen der herkömmlich verwendeten Metalle oder unverstärkten Kunststoffe unterscheiden. Technische Fasern werden in verschiedenen Verarbeitungsformen und in Kombination mit vielfältigen Matrixsystemen angewendet. Ein Großteil der Fasern wird heutzutage in Form von multiaxialen Geweben oder Gelegen verarbeitet. Bei diesen Halbzeugen sind die Fasern in mehreren Lagen unterschiedlicher Ausrichtung übereinandergelegt. Metalle können damit sehr einfach durch leichtere Faser- Kunststoffverbunde ersetzt werden. Diese Technologien versuchen weitestgehend isotrope Bauteileigenschaften aus den eigentlich anisotropen Materialeigenschaften zu erzielen. Dies reizt jedoch das Potential der Werkstoffe nicht aus."

The aim of this thesis is comparison of speakers' understanding of meaning of names of body parts head, eye, ear, nose, mouth and heart in Czech and Japanese language. To achieve this goal a list of idioms consisting of mentioned body parts in both languages is created. Speakers sort the idioms into arbitrary categories based on their understaing of meaning of name of body part. Resulting data is processed by multidimensional scaling and evaluated afterwards. The first bigger chapter is dedicated to introduction of idiomatics and phraseology in Europe and Japan in order to compare understanding of idioms and their classification. The second bigger chapter introduces a base for approaches to idioms, following by focus on somatic idioms. Two different approaches are introduced. The method of introspection is represented by a theory of coneptual profiles by I. Vaňková and by an idealized cognitive model of act by Arizono T. The corpus approach is represented by F. Čermák, Hashimoto Ch. et al. and by Lin W. The introduction of practical part follows. The first part is dedicated to the method of multidimensional scaling. After that the survey realization and its evaluation is described. The overall evaluation of results in terms of the aim of this thesis is placed in conclusion. Keywords: Japanese...

During the last decade, research related to Supply Chain Management has got a great deal of attention. The focus has especially circulated around supply chain integration and centralisation due to the increasingly competitive global market. The aim of this thesis has been to investigate how the supply chain performance in international manufacturing companies could be improved. By having a qualitative approach, this thesis contributes to earlier conducted research by providing a holistic view on supply chain management. This is by the authors considered crucial to manage the complexity of supply chain management and supply chain change. The specific context examined in this thesis concerns the spare parts distribution of large international manufacturing companies. The methods used during the case study consisted of a thorough literature review, external interviews and workshops with experts within supply chain management and supply chain change, and several interviews with employees at different levels and functions at the focal company, Toyota Material Handling Europe. Two of the interviewed external experts were managers at the supply chain function at Volvo Construction Equipment and Ericsson. To answer the main research question, three sub-queries have been examined. The first one concerns what main areas of difficulty that can be identified in the current supply chain of the focal company and in international manufacturing companies in general. The second sub-query concerns which supply chain policies that could be used to solve identified areas of difficulty. Finally, the third sub-query concerns which prerequisites that could be identified to successfully manage change within supply chains. The results imply that Information and Inventory Management are the main supply chain related areas in need of improvements at the focal company, as well as in international manufacturing companies in general. Thereby supply chain performance could be improved if performance within these areas is enhanced. To solve these two identified areas of difficulty, four theoretical supply chain policies related to supply chain integration have been examined due to complexity, need of investments during an implementation, as well as each policy’s possibility to solve the identified areas of difficulty. The supply chain policy Vendor-Managed Inventory was considered the most appropriate policy for the focal company to implement. As a consequence, an evaluation of the focal company’s readiness to implement a Vendor-Managed Inventory policy was also conducted by using a supply chain readiness framework developed by Niranjan, Wagner and Nguyen (2012). Based on the literature review, including the theoretical evaluation of the appropriateness of implementing Vendor-Managed Inventory, together with the findings from the external expert interviews, the focal company is recommended to implement a Vendor-Managed Inventory strategy. However, the focal company is also recommended to see such an implementation as an opportunity to later investigate the possibility to also include large suppliers in the collaboration. This would increase the level of integration among supply chain members further and thereby secure the company has the possibility to receive the advantages associated with sharing information (including Points-of-Sales data) with all supply chain members.   From a theoretical perspective the conclusion is that Vendor-Managed Inventory, with its focus on supply chain integration through collaboration and information sharing among supply chain members, is considered appropriate to implement when companies want to improve performance in one or all of these areas. Furthermore, the usage of a consignment stock agreement might be an appropriate complement to Vendor-Managed Inventory due to the international context. However, the authors suggest that international manufacturing companies should strive towards including large suppliers in the supply chain collaboration to increase performance further. Thereby they should move towards capabilities promoted in the supply chain policy Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment, which advocate a higher level of integration than Vendor-Managed Inventory. Another main finding pinpoints the importance of a well-formulated and communicated vision in the beginning of a transformation, to manage supply chain change successfully. As a consequence, the authors of this thesis expanded the supply chain framework developed by Chopra and Meindl (2010) to also include vision. In addition, legal has been added as an important supply chain driver since it affects supply chain possibilities and decisions. The added parts are considered critical for the framework to be applicable in an international and rapidly changing business environment. Furthermore, the authors suggest the extended framework should be used to support companies evaluate the current and a desired future supply chain in accordance with examined change management literature. / Supply Chain Management har under det senaste decenniet fått mycket uppmärksamhet. På grund av en ökande internationell handel har forskningen framförallt behandlat Integration och Centralisering inom distributionskedjor. Syftet med denna studie har varit att undersöka hur man kan förbättra prestandan av distributionskedjan hos internationella tillverkningsföretag. Genom ett kvalitativt angreppssätt bidrar denna studie med ett holistiskt synsätt av Supply Chain Management, vilket av författarna är ansett kritiskt för att kunna hantera komplexiteten relaterad till Supply Chain Management och förändringsarbete inom detta område. Studiens forskningsfråga har kunnat besvaras genom att undersöka tre delfrågor. Den första behandlar att identifiera huvudproblemområden i distributionskedjan hos fokusföretaget samt internationella tillverkningsföretag generellt. Den andra delfrågan behandlar vilka teoretiska supply chain policies som skulle kunna användas för att lösa de identifierade problemområdena, medan den tredje och sista delfrågan handlar om att identifiera förutsättningar för att kunna hantera förändringsarbete av, och inom, distributionskedjor på ett lyckat sätt. Samtliga delfrågor och huvudfrågan har kunnat besvaras genom genomförandet av en litteraturstudie, intervjuer och workshops med externa områdesexperter inom Supply Chain Management och Supply Chain Change, samt interna intervjuer med anställda på olika avdelningar och nivåer inom fokusföretaget, Toyota Material Handling Europe. Två av de intervjuade experterna utgjordes av chefer på logistikavdelningen på två stora internationella tillverkningsföretag. Företagen i fråga utgjordes av Volvo Construction Equipment respektive Ericsson. Resultaten visar att Informations- och Lagerhantering anses vara de huvudområden inom Supply Chain Management, vilka är i störst behov av förbättringar och förändringar på fokusföretaget samt i stora internationella tillverkningsföretag generellt. Därmed kan prestandan av distributionskedjan förbättras om företag fokuserar på dessa två områden. För att förbättra Informations- och Lagerhanteringen har fyra teoretiska supply chain policies utvärderats, vilka alla mer eller mindre fokuserar på att öka integrationen mellan medlemmar inom distributionskedjan. Genom att utvärdera dessa supply chain policies med avseende på komplexitet, implementationskostnader samt möjlighet att lösa de identifierade huvudproblemområdena, har författarna kunnat dra slutsatsen att policyn Vendor-Managed Inventory bör vara mest passande att implementera på fokusföretaget. I och med detta resultat utvärderades fokusföretagets lämplighet att implementera Vendor-Managed Inventory utifrån en teoretisk modell utvecklad av Niranjan, Wagner och Nguyen (2012). Resultatet av denna utvärdering stödde det tidigare antagandet att Vendor-Managed Inventory är lämpligt för fokusföretaget att implementera. Författarna rekommenderar dock att en VMI-implementation ska ses som ett första steg varefter förtaget även skall utvärdera möjligheten att inkludera sina större leverantörer och därmed öka integrationen av distributionskedjan ytterligare. Detta för att verkligen uppnå de fördelar informationsdelning kan medföra om information delas med samtliga medlemmar i kedjan. Författarna har med hjälp av dessa resultat kunnat dra den teoretiska och generella slutsatsen att Vendor-Managed Inventory, med dess fokus på att öka integrationen i distributionskedjan genom ökat samarbete och ökad informationsdelning mellan distributionskedjans medlemmar, anses lämplig att implementera då företag vill eller behöver förbättras inom dessa områden. Vidare kan avtalsmodellen Consignment Stock komplettera Vendor-Managed Inventory i en internationell kontext genom användandet av en legal ägare av lager, oavsett lagerposition. Författarna rekommenderar även att stora internationella tillverkningsföretag bör sträva mot att inkludera sina större leverantörer och därmed öka integrationen av, och samarbetet inom, distributionskedjan. Detta skulle medföra att prestandan av distributionskedjan förbättras ytterligare. Därmed bör de utvecklas mot supply chain policyn Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment, vilken förespråkar en högre nivå av samarbete än Vendor-Managed Inventory. Vidare visar studien vikten av en välformulerad och kommunicerad Vision i början av större förändringsprojekt. Detta för att öka chanserna till lyckade och välmotiverade förändringar. I och med identifieringen av visionens vitala del i förändringsprojekt, vidareutvecklade författarna modellen; Supply Chain Decison-Making Framework, utvecklad av Chopra & Meindl (2010), till att även inkludera Vision. Dessutom adderades Legala aspekter, då de påverkar både beslutsfattande och möjligheter inom en internationell kontext. Både Vision och Legala aspekter anses av författarna vara kritiska delar för att modellen skall vara applicerbar i en internationell och föränderlig miljö. I linje med forskning inom förändringshantering som identifierats i litteraturen, anses Chopra & Meindl’s vidareutvecklade modell nu vara lämplig att användas som en hjälp för företag att utvärdera sin nuvarande och önskade framtida distributionsstruktur.

Con base en el estudio del sector armamentístico, podemos definir la gestión de mantenimiento como uno de los problemas más relevantes dentro de su cadena de producción. La deficiente planificación y los errores en las entregas de pedidos a tiempo afectan en gran medida la eficacia de la empresa y su retorno de inversión. Por tal motivo, surge la necesidad de encontrar soluciones que permitan el crecimiento del sector armamentístico peruano y metalmecánico. La presente investigación propone una solución basada en las herramientas TPM y Spare Parts Management que permitirán una buena gestión del flujo de actividades de mantenimiento preventivo o correctivo, gestionar eficientemente el movimiento de los repuestos y su respectiva ubicación e inventarios en el proceso de ingreso de nuevos repuestos, eliminar los desperdicios innecesarios y controlar de manera óptima los repuestos de las máquinas. La empresa en estudio es una empresa con régimen estatal, pero con dirección privada, la cual presenta problemas en su gestión de mantenimiento, debido al exceso de paradas inesperadas y atascos, alta producción de productos no conformes y baja eficacia de producción de municiones a tiempo. Esta propuesta logró incrementar la eficacia de la producción de casquillos y balas en un 6.99% pasando de un 66.52% a 73.51%. / Based on the study of the arms sector, we can define maintenance management as one of the most relevant problems within its production chain. Poor planning and errors in order delivery on time greatly affect the efficiency of the company and its return on investment. For this reason, the need arises to find solutions that allow the growth of the Peruvian arms and metalworking sector. The present investigation proposes a solution based on the TPM and Spare Parts Management tools that will allow a good management of the flow of preventive or corrective maintenance activities, efficiently manage the movement of spare parts and their respective location and inventories in the process of entering new spare parts, eliminate unnecessary waste and optimally control machine spare parts. The company under study is a company with a state regime, but with private management, which presents problems in its maintenance management, due to the excess of unexpected stops and jams, high production of non-conforming products and low efficiency of ammunition production on time. . This proposal managed to increase the efficiency of the production of casings and bullets by 6.99%, going from 66.52% to 73.51%. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

Background Companies which operate within heavy equipment are highly dependent on a continuous spare part stream to minimise their production downtime. The disruption of the pandemic known as Covid19 has brought the global supply chain to its knee, and countless companies have been affected by the global supply shortage. One of such industries is heavy equipment which comprises heavy-duty vehicles, large equipment, large-scale infrastructure, intricate or numerous processes with high operation cost and a unique set of challenges. Consequently, the demand for spare parts within heavy equipment can be extremely unpredictable and erratic, since the life cycle of machinery is connected to systems owned by the customers and its applications. Therefore, understanding the heavy equipment industry could allow for new innovative ways for managing spare part challenges. One of the methods for solving spare part challenges in other industries according to previous research has been the utilisation of additive manufacturing (AM).The AM technology is based on incremental layer-by-layer manufacturing compared to conventional manufacturing (CM) which mostly depend on subtractive manufacturing processes. Research questions RQ1: What are the challenges within the heavy equipment industry regarding spare part management? RQ2: How can the heavy equipment industry utilise additive manufacturing to overcome challenges surrounding spare parts management? Method The literature review comprised of the identification of spare part management challenges surrounding heavy equipment, the capabilities of AM surrounding spare parts as well as optimisation methods for existing parts with AM. Whereas the interviews consisted of two sets of interview groups (i.e., heavy equipment and AM based companies). Lastly, the experiment consisted of validating gathered data as well as identifying AMs capabilities based on a physical object (i.e., lifting bracket). Findings The findings show the existing spare part management challenges within heavy equipment are related to four dimensions namely: warehousing, cost, lead times and the environment.Whereas the findings surrounding AMs capabilities for mitigating spare part management challenges showed that, AM enable the production of low volume parts with low lead time replenishment. This could minimise overall waste within the heavy equipment industry, where central warehousing could be reduced as well as the total lead time for customers.

Secondary hardwood products manufacturers have been placing heavy emphasis on lumber yield improvements in recent years. More attention has been on lumber grade and cutting technology rather than cutting bill design. However, understanding the underlying physical phenomena of cutting bill requirements and yield is essential to improve lumber yield in rough mills. This understanding could also be helpful in constructing a novel lumber yield estimation model. The purpose of this study was to advance the understanding of the phenomena relating cutting bill requirements and yield. The scientific knowledge gained was used to describe and quantify the effect of part length, width, and quantity on yield. Based on this knowledge, a statistics based approach to the lumber yield estimation problem was undertaken. Rip-first rough mill simulation techniques and statistical methods were used to attain the study's goals. To facilitate the statistical analysis of the relationship of cutting bill requirements and lumber yield, a theoretical concept, called cutting bill part groups, was developed. Part groups are a standardized way to describe cutting bill requirements. All parts required by a cutting bill are clustered within 20 individual groups according to their size. Each group's midpoint is the representative part size for all parts falling within an individual group. These groups are made such that the error from clustering is minimized. This concept allowed a decrease in the number of possible factors to account for in the analysis of the cutting bill requirements - lumber yield relationship. Validation of the concept revealed that the average error due to clustering parts is 1.82 percent absolute yield. An orthogonal, 220-11 fractional factorial design of resolution V was then used to determine the contribution of different part sizes to lumber yield. All 20 part sizes and 113 of a total of 190 unique secondary interactions were found to be significant (a = 0.05) in explaining the variability in yield observed. Parameter estimates of the part sizes and the secondary interactions were then used to specify the average yield contribution of each variable. Parts with size 17.50 inches in length and 2.50 inches in width were found to contribute the most to higher yield. The positive effect on yield due to parts smaller than 17.50 by 2.50 inches is less pronounced because their quantity is relatively small in an average cutting bill. Parts with size 72.50 by 4.25 inches, on the other hand, had the most negative influence on high yield. However, as further analysis showed, not only the individual parts required by a cutting bill, but also their interaction determines yield. By adding a sufficiently large number of smaller parts to a cutting bill that requires large parts to be cut, high levels of yield can be achieved. A novel yield estimation model using linear least squares techniques was derived based on the data from the fractional factorial design. This model estimates expected yield based on part quantities required by a standardized cutting bill. The final model contained all 20 part groups and their 190 unique secondary interactions. The adjusted R2 for this model was found to be 0.94. The model estimated 450 of the 512 standardized cutting bills used for its derivation to within one percent absolute yield. Standardized cutting bills, whose yield level differs by more than two percent can thus be classified correctly in 88 percent of the cases. Standardized cutting bills whose part quantities were tested beyond the established framework, i.e. the settings used for the data derivation, were estimated with an average error of 2.19 percent absolute yield. Despite the error observed, the model ranked the cutting bills as to their yield level quite accurately. However, cutting bills from actual rough mill operations, which were well beyond the framework of the model, were found to have an average estimation error of 7.62 percent. Nonetheless, the model classified four out of five cutting bills correctly as to their ranking of the yield level achieved. The least squares estimation model thus is a helpful tool in ranking cutting bills for their expected yield level. Overall, the model performs well for standardized cutting bills, but more work is needed to make the model generally applicable for cutting bills whose requirements are beyond the framework established in this study. / Ph. D.