The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate whether the Territorial Use-Rights in Fishing (TURFs) of Lake Titieaca, Peru, are effective in overcoming the common property problem of typical fisheries and therefore whether TURFs may prove valuable as part of a more formal management system. It has recently been argued that TURFs should be incorporated into small-scale fisheries management schemes since they should be effective in controlling fishing effort, in promoting a more equitable distribution of the benefits from fishing and in reducing administrative inefficiencies. To determine whether TURFs are in fact effective in controlling fishing effort, I examine Lake Titieaca fisheries in Peru. First, I demonstrate the widespread existence of Lake Titicaca's TURFs and their control over the entire shoreline, most of the littoral area and even part of the pelagic area. Second, I document how, in spite of TURFs' illegality, Lake Titieaca shore dwellers are able to combine legal and illegal means to enforce their traditional rights over their fishing areas. Third, by showing that the relative difference between the returns to labour from fishing with those from alternative activities ranges from 50 to more than 100%, I demonstrate that local fishermen capture substantial fishing rents. If one takes into account that most fishing activities are carried out when there is little else to do, this range increases to 90-180%. I thus conclude that Lake Titieaca fisheries have not reached their bioeconomic equilibrium yet and that the predictions of the common property theory do not apply to them. And fourth, I demonstrate that the origins of these rents can be traced to fishermen's membership in TURF-holding communities, their ability to restrict physical access to the shoreline, and the obligations associated with this membership. Among these obligations are the participation in communal projects and celebrations, the fulfillment of administrative or ceremonial responsibilities, and the undertaking of agricultural activities, all of which constrain the amount of household labour available for fishing. In the concluding section, I consider the potential role of TURFs in a formal management context. I show that, in the long term, even formally recognized TURFs would not be sufficient in themselves to prevent overfishing. I therefore propose that Lake Titieaca TURFs be incorporated into a broader, decentralized management strategy which would capitalize on their strengths and promote cooperation between members of shore communities, fisheries scientists and administrators. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-07-10T14:29:27Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Rosa.pdf: 10145887 bytes, checksum: 2cbd76aeaa7b11ffe936e2850d86c47e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T14:29:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Rosa.pdf: 10145887 bytes, checksum: 2cbd76aeaa7b11ffe936e2850d86c47e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-31 / CAPES / Esta dissertação tem como principal objetivo estudar as possibilidades educacionais contidas em histórias em quadrinhos peruanas, as chamadas historietas, que tratam dos Incas e de figuras heroicas, históricas e da literatura de reconhecido relevo para aquele país na rede de ensino público e privada do mesmo. Para tanto estudamos as historietas utilizadas nas salas de aula do ensino regular peruano, historietas publicadas no país e as cartilhas e manuais que orientam os estudantes na leitura, confecção e elaboração das mesmas. Aqui buscamos responder a seguinte pergunta: as histórias em quadrinhos são parte relevante da política educacional que objetiva a preservação da tradição histórica e da construção do homem peruano civilizado do século XXI? Queremos demonstrar que as histórias em quadrinhos têm e tiveram relevância no processo educacional peruano, o fazemos a partir do debate da edificação do processo civilizador daquele país nos apoiando nas teorias de Norbert Elias e José CarlosMariatégui. / This thesis aims to study the educational possibilities contained in stories from Peruvian comics, dealing with the Incas and heroic figures of historical and recognized relevant literature to this country in public and private schools ot the same. For this we have studied stories used in Peruvian mainstream classrooms, short stories published in the country and booklets and manuals that guide students in the reading and making of the comics. Here we seek to answer the following question: Are comics a relevant part of education policy which aims at preserving the historical tradition and the construction of civilized Peruvian man of the XXI century? We want to show that comics had and still have a relevance in the Peruvian educational process, we do it from the debate of the building of the civilizing process of this country by supporting the theories of Norbert Elias and Jose CarlosMariategui.

Orientador: Ana Raquel Marques Martins da Cunha Portugal / Resumo: Na história dos Andes, o comando das diversas etnias locais coube aos curacas, ou caciques andinos, que exerciam funções que variavam do ritual religioso à guerra. No presente trabalho, realizamos um estudo das representações dos curacas contidas em duas crônicas de autores peruanos concluídas no princípio do século XVII: a Nueva Crónica y Buen Gobierno (1616), de Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala, e os Comentarios Reales (1609, 1617), de Inca Garcilaso de la Vega. Fizemos um estudo sistemático, levando em conta todas as menções diretas ou indiretas dos curacas nas duas crônicas, cotejando-as com o material historiográfico sobre os curacas. Com o aporte da historiografia, podemos vislumbrar as dimensões do protagonismo das lideranças nativas do Peru registradas em diversas outras fontes alheias às crônicas. Longe de meros intermediários, os curacas agiram nos Andes de modo a garantir seus interesses e legitimar suas posições, como atesta o exemplo do próprio Guaman Poma. / Abstract: In the history of the Andes, the curacas were responsible for the command of the various local ethnic groups. They fulfilled duties that ranged from religious rituals to war. In the present work, we have carried out a study of the representations of the curacas contained in two chronicles written by Peruvian authors in the early seventeenth century: The Nueva Crónica y Buen Gobierno (1616), by Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala, and the Comentarios Reales (1609- 1617), by Inca Garcilaso de la Vega. We have performed a systematic study, taking into account every direct or non-direct mention of the curacas in both chronicles, siding them with the historiographic material on the curacas. With the historiographic contribution, we have been able to contemplate the dimensions of the role of the native leaders of Peru registered in several other sources besides the chronicles. Far from mere middlemen, the curacas acted in the Andes so as to guarantee their own interests and legitimize their positions, as attested by the example of Guaman Poma himself. / Mestre

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)

The response on the continental shelf of a baroclinic ocean to driving by an alongshore coastal wind stress and by barotropic and baroclinic wind forced interior motions is studied as a function of latitude. The relative excitation of continental shelf waves and internal Kelvin waves is studied. The response of a rotating stratified ocean with a vertical boundary, forced at the surface by an alongshore coastal wind stress, shows vertically propagating subinertial motions. Several examples which illustrate the basic properties of the response are presented. Changes in amplitude and frequency with depth are predicted. Components that decay with depth from the surface and components that represent coastal internal Kelvin waves with negative vertical group velocity and upward phase propagation are forced. The effect of bottom Ekman layer friction and slope topography on free internal Kelvin waves is examined, using both a steep and weak slope model. The steep slope represents the low latitude case while the weak slope represents the mid-latitude case. There are substantial differences between the results from the two models. Free waves are frictionally damped and offshore and vertical phase shifts are induced by friction, as well as an onshore flow. Topography induces changes to the wave frequency and alongshore phase speed. The modal amplitude is altered and an onshore flow is induced. Sea level and current velocity data from the equator to 17°S on the west coast of South America show that low frequency (0.1-0.2 cpd) fluctuations propagate poleward with phase speeds similar to those predicted for first mode baroclinic Kelvin waves. The sea level and currents are coherent and approximately 1800 out of phase. The waves do not appear to be the result of local atmospheric forcing. Empirical orthogonal functions show that the alongshore and vertical structure of alongshore velocity is consistent with first mode internal Kelvin waves. / Graduation date: 1983

This study examines the development of Peruvian politics and government from 1962 to 1985. It describes the programs and policies of the interim military junta (1962-63), the Velasco (1968-75) and Morales Bermudez (1975-80) phases of the Armed Forces Revolution, and the two Belaunde administrations (1963-68, 80-85) and posits a basic commonality of goals and continuity of reforms despite differences in policy orientation and emphasis. The study begins with a contextual discussion of the ideological underpinnings of contemporary Peruvian political reform, establishing linkages to the revolutionary thought of Gonzalez Prada, Mariategui, and Haya de la Torre, as well as to the more moderate reformist positions of Víctor Andres Belaunde, Bustamante y Rivero, and Basadre. Continuing with an in-depth historical analysis of the period under study, the contextual discussion demonstrates the underlying continuities of political reform in the programs and goals of the several regimes. The focus of the study then shifts to an analysis of the reformist and democratic evolution of the Peruvian polity. It analyzes the central government's budgets according to administrative, social, and economic categories. The analysis demonstrates all the governments since 1962 pursued generally common reformist policies and none reversed the progressive trend set. An analysis of Peruvian foreign policy reorientations vis-a-vis the United States, the Socialist bloc, and the Third World shows that the progressive changes and reforms begun under one administration continued to evolve and crystalize under the policies of succeeding governments. The point is highlighted by an analysis of Peru's voting pattern in the United Nations General Assembly, where divergence with U.S. policy became greater with each change in government after 1963. Finally, in looking to overall political development as political modernization and institutionalization, the analysis shows that Peru has undergone progressive and incremental changes heightening political awareness and participation and thus strengthening its potential for political democracy and social development. Each government since 1962 made substantial, if varying, contributions to the increase of political legitimacy and stability within the polity. In sum, a continuum of political development prevailed.

No description available.

Background Bartonella bacilliformis is the etiological agent of Carrion’s disease, a neglected tropical poverty-linked illness. This infection is endemic of Andean regions and it is estimated that approximately 1.7 million of South Americans are at risk. This bacterium is a fastidious slow growing microorganism, which is difficult and cumbersome to isolate from clinical sources, thereby hindering the availability of phylogenetic relationship of clinical samples. The aim of this study was to perform Multi Locus Sequence Typing of B. bacilliformis directly in blood from patients diagnosed with Oroya fever during an outbreak in Northern Peru. Methodology/Principal Findings DNA extracted among blood samples from patients diagnosed with Oroya’s fever were analyzed with MLST, with the amplification of 7 genetic loci (ftsZ, flaA, ribC, rnpB, rpoB, bvrR and groEL) and a phylogenetic analysis of the different Sequence Types (ST) was performed. A total of 4 different ST were identified. The most frequently found was ST1 present in 66% of samples. Additionally, two samples presented a new allelic profile, belonging to new STs (ST 9 and ST 10), which were closely related to ST1. Conclusions/Significance The present data demonstrate that B. bacilliformis MLST studies may be possible directly from blood samples, being a promising approach for epidemiological studies. During the outbreak the STs of B. bacilliformis were found to be heterogeneous, albeit closely related, probably reflecting the evolution from a common ancestor colonizing the area. Additional studies including new samples and areas are needed, in order to obtain better knowledge of phylogenetic scenario B. bacilliformis