The purpose of this study was to identify and explore factors affecting medicine availability within the district health services. A qualitative descriptive, exploratory and contextual research design was followed. The data collection was conducted through two focus group discussions comprising of pharmaceutical managers and district health services managers respectively. The study found that medicine was not consistently available in the various districts, especially in community health centres and primary health clinics. The factors contributing to the non-availability of medicines include challenges with deliveries from Medical Depots, poor medicine stock management, shortage of pharmacists and pharmacist’s assistants in the facilities, lack of the electronic medicine management systems and the separate existence of Pharmaceutical Services and Medical Depot within the province. The study made recommendations on how to improve medicine availability within the district health services. / Health Studies / M.A. (Health Studies)

The purpose of this study was to identify and explore factors affecting medicine availability within the district health services. A qualitative descriptive, exploratory and contextual research design was followed. The data collection was conducted through two focus group discussions comprising of pharmaceutical managers and district health services managers respectively. The study found that medicine was not consistently available in the various districts, especially in community health centres and primary health clinics. The factors contributing to the non-availability of medicines include challenges with deliveries from Medical Depots, poor medicine stock management, shortage of pharmacists and pharmacist’s assistants in the facilities, lack of the electronic medicine management systems and the separate existence of Pharmaceutical Services and Medical Depot within the province. The study made recommendations on how to improve medicine availability within the district health services. / Health Studies / M.A. (Health Studies)

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / Sedert die verandering in wetgewing in 2003, bevind die kleinhandel apteeksektor hulself in ‘n baie turbulente omgeweging, omdat die eksterne omgewing dramaties verander het en nuwe kompetisie gedryf deur sakereuse soos Clicks en Dischem hul voortbestaan bedreig. Die instelling van die enkeleindprys (SEP) en verandering in wetgewing oor die eienaarskap van apteke, het die grootste invloed gehad op die kleinhandelapteek sektor. Verder het die aanwysing van voorkeurdiensverskaffers deur mediesefondse die situasie vererger. In Suid-Afrika word die onafhanklike apteek gesien as ‘n voorbeeld van ‘n kleinsakeonderneming en die sleutel suksesfaktore in hierdie besighede kom dan ook sterk ooreen. Hierdie studie, ‘n gevallestudie, fokus dan op die sleutel suksesfaktore en strategiese banaderings wat kleinhandelapteke volg om mededingend te bly in hierdie hoogs kompeterende mark. Die studie is beperk tot die onafhanklike apteek in die Boland-area en inligting was verkry deur middel van ‘n vraelys. Die data is kwantitatief ontleed en verskeie afleidings aangaande die onafhanklike apteeksektor word gemaak. Die resultate toon dat daar geen eenvormige besigheidsmodel tussen die apteke in ons steekproef bestaan nie en dat die onafhanklike apteke in ‘n groot mate nie strategieë en taktiese benaderings het om met korporatiewe mededingers soos Clicks en Dischem te kan meeding nie.

<p>This study aimed to identify barriers to the availability of essential drugs at health facilities, to identify implementable solutions to those barriers, to develop a monitoring system for tracking implementation of solutions and for tracking drug supply.</p>

Após décadas de afastamento, o farmacêutico busca retornar ao seu local primeiro de atuação, a farmácia. Esse retorno apresenta-se como tendência em muitos países, e também no Brasil. Entidades governamentais e profissionais esforçam-se para revalorizar a atuação do farmacêutico junto às atividades assistenciais, e uma contribuição significativa ocorreu com a publicação, pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA), da Resolução de Diretoria Colegiada - RDC 44, em 17/08/2009. A Resolução estabelece critérios e condições mínimas para o cumprimento das Boas Práticas Farmacêuticas, e dá respaldo a vários Serviços Farmacêuticos no ambiente das farmácias e drogarias. Diante da tendência de retorno do farmacêutico à assistência, do crescimento dos cursos de Farmácia no país e do grande número de recém-formados que ingressam no segmento de farmácias e drogarias a cada ano, justifica-se verificar com se desenvolve o trabalho desses profissionais. O objetivo do presente trabalho consistiu em avaliar o perfil e a atuação dos farmacêuticos na vigência da Resolução 44/2009, em farmácias e drogarias do município de São Paulo. O estudo descritivo transversal desenvolveu-se junto às farmácias e drogarias do município de São Paulo, com aplicação de questionário ao farmacêutico. Abordou características gerais desse profissional e do estabelecimento, conhecimento do mesmo sobre a Resolução 44/2009, atividades assistenciais, relacionamento com os componentes da equipe de trabalho, aspectos de documentação, e a visão do farmacêutico, tanto de sua atividade como de si mesmo. As respostas foram testadas estatisticamente, e procurou-se verificar se a Resolução 44/2009 tem provocado mudanças em sua atuação, em relação aos Serviços Farmacêuticos (SF). Buscou-se identificar os principais fatores que se apresentam como obstáculos para o retorno do farmacêutico ao seu papel de agente de saúde. Os resultados indicaram que os farmacêuticos das farmácias e drogarias do município de São Paulo são jovens, formaram-se principalmente em instituições privadas, estão familiarizados com o termo \"atenção farmacêutica\", mas nem todos conhecem as condutas que esta prática envolve. Foram observados aspectos positivos, como a percepção dos profissionais de que a Resolução 44/2009 valorizou seu trabalho e que tem havido reconhecimento crescente de sua atuação. Existe inclinação para a prática assistencial, mas os farmacêuticos não desenvolvem plenamente os SF da Resolução 44/2009. Há, no entanto, muitas barreiras para a efetivação da atenção farmacêutica e demais serviços, o que dificulta a inserção do farmacêutico nas práticas assistenciais. Dentre as mais citadas estão a falta de tempo para tais práticas, formação deficiente ou inadequada, falta de autonomia e autoridade dos farmacêuticos, e a resistência dos empresários em considerar os serviços farmacêuticos como um diferencial de atendimento e possibilidade de ganhos financeiros. / After decades of absence the pharmacist seeks to return to his first workplace, the pharmacy. This return is shown as a trend in many countries, and also in Brazil. Government and professional entities strive to revalue the pharmacist\'s care activities, and in Brazil, a valuable contribution in this direction came with the publication of Collegiate Board Regulation RDC 44, in August 2009, by the National Agency of Sanitary Surveillance (ANVISA). This regulation establishes minimum conditions for Good Pharmaceutical Practices and gives legal backing to several pharmaceutical services in pharmacies. The trend of return to pharmaceutical care, the growth of Pharmacy courses in our country and the large number of new professionals who enter the pharmacy segment every year justify checking how this professional activity develops. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the profile and acting of pharmacists in the presence of Regulation 44/2009, in pharmacies of São Paulo. Data were collected through cross-sectional study with a questionnaire to pharmacists, including general characteristics of pharmacists and pharmacies, checking about the knowledge of Regulation 44/2009 and assistencial activities, documentation aspects (in the context of this Regulation), relationship with other components of the working team, and the vision of the community pharmacist, of himself and of his work. The answers were tested statistically, to check if Regulation 44/2009 has changed the performance of the pharmacists in relation to services listed therein, and which has been the main obstacles to its application. We attempted to identify the most relevant factors that stand out as obstacles to pharmacists on returning to their role as a health agent. The results showed that pharmacists in São Paulo are young, formed mainly in private institutions, are familiar with the term \"pharmaceutical care\", but not all knew about the practices involved. Positive aspects were observed, such as the Regulation 44/2009 valued pharmacist´s job, and there was an increasing recognition of him by the population. There is a tendency to care practice, but pharmacists do not develop, in a regular way, the SF of Regulation 44/2009. Several barriers were identified, however, for the effectiveness of pharmaceutical care and other services: the most cited were lack of appropriate working environment, poor training of pharmacists, lack of autonomy and authority for them, and the vision of businessmen, who show resistance in considering the pharmaceutical services as a differential in attendance.

Após décadas de afastamento, o farmacêutico busca retornar ao seu local primeiro de atuação, a farmácia. Esse retorno apresenta-se como tendência em muitos países, e também no Brasil. Entidades governamentais e profissionais esforçam-se para revalorizar a atuação do farmacêutico junto às atividades assistenciais, e uma contribuição significativa ocorreu com a publicação, pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA), da Resolução de Diretoria Colegiada - RDC 44, em 17/08/2009. A Resolução estabelece critérios e condições mínimas para o cumprimento das Boas Práticas Farmacêuticas, e dá respaldo a vários Serviços Farmacêuticos no ambiente das farmácias e drogarias. Diante da tendência de retorno do farmacêutico à assistência, do crescimento dos cursos de Farmácia no país e do grande número de recém-formados que ingressam no segmento de farmácias e drogarias a cada ano, justifica-se verificar com se desenvolve o trabalho desses profissionais. O objetivo do presente trabalho consistiu em avaliar o perfil e a atuação dos farmacêuticos na vigência da Resolução 44/2009, em farmácias e drogarias do município de São Paulo. O estudo descritivo transversal desenvolveu-se junto às farmácias e drogarias do município de São Paulo, com aplicação de questionário ao farmacêutico. Abordou características gerais desse profissional e do estabelecimento, conhecimento do mesmo sobre a Resolução 44/2009, atividades assistenciais, relacionamento com os componentes da equipe de trabalho, aspectos de documentação, e a visão do farmacêutico, tanto de sua atividade como de si mesmo. As respostas foram testadas estatisticamente, e procurou-se verificar se a Resolução 44/2009 tem provocado mudanças em sua atuação, em relação aos Serviços Farmacêuticos (SF). Buscou-se identificar os principais fatores que se apresentam como obstáculos para o retorno do farmacêutico ao seu papel de agente de saúde. Os resultados indicaram que os farmacêuticos das farmácias e drogarias do município de São Paulo são jovens, formaram-se principalmente em instituições privadas, estão familiarizados com o termo \"atenção farmacêutica\", mas nem todos conhecem as condutas que esta prática envolve. Foram observados aspectos positivos, como a percepção dos profissionais de que a Resolução 44/2009 valorizou seu trabalho e que tem havido reconhecimento crescente de sua atuação. Existe inclinação para a prática assistencial, mas os farmacêuticos não desenvolvem plenamente os SF da Resolução 44/2009. Há, no entanto, muitas barreiras para a efetivação da atenção farmacêutica e demais serviços, o que dificulta a inserção do farmacêutico nas práticas assistenciais. Dentre as mais citadas estão a falta de tempo para tais práticas, formação deficiente ou inadequada, falta de autonomia e autoridade dos farmacêuticos, e a resistência dos empresários em considerar os serviços farmacêuticos como um diferencial de atendimento e possibilidade de ganhos financeiros. / After decades of absence the pharmacist seeks to return to his first workplace, the pharmacy. This return is shown as a trend in many countries, and also in Brazil. Government and professional entities strive to revalue the pharmacist\'s care activities, and in Brazil, a valuable contribution in this direction came with the publication of Collegiate Board Regulation RDC 44, in August 2009, by the National Agency of Sanitary Surveillance (ANVISA). This regulation establishes minimum conditions for Good Pharmaceutical Practices and gives legal backing to several pharmaceutical services in pharmacies. The trend of return to pharmaceutical care, the growth of Pharmacy courses in our country and the large number of new professionals who enter the pharmacy segment every year justify checking how this professional activity develops. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the profile and acting of pharmacists in the presence of Regulation 44/2009, in pharmacies of São Paulo. Data were collected through cross-sectional study with a questionnaire to pharmacists, including general characteristics of pharmacists and pharmacies, checking about the knowledge of Regulation 44/2009 and assistencial activities, documentation aspects (in the context of this Regulation), relationship with other components of the working team, and the vision of the community pharmacist, of himself and of his work. The answers were tested statistically, to check if Regulation 44/2009 has changed the performance of the pharmacists in relation to services listed therein, and which has been the main obstacles to its application. We attempted to identify the most relevant factors that stand out as obstacles to pharmacists on returning to their role as a health agent. The results showed that pharmacists in São Paulo are young, formed mainly in private institutions, are familiar with the term \"pharmaceutical care\", but not all knew about the practices involved. Positive aspects were observed, such as the Regulation 44/2009 valued pharmacist´s job, and there was an increasing recognition of him by the population. There is a tendency to care practice, but pharmacists do not develop, in a regular way, the SF of Regulation 44/2009. Several barriers were identified, however, for the effectiveness of pharmaceutical care and other services: the most cited were lack of appropriate working environment, poor training of pharmacists, lack of autonomy and authority for them, and the vision of businessmen, who show resistance in considering the pharmaceutical services as a differential in attendance.

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2015-08-06T21:47:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 BRUNO_ALENCAR_Disserta??o_final.pdf: 3349456 bytes, checksum: ef922100f6f85f8fd1ccf7b1cc376d83 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-06T21:47:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BRUNO_ALENCAR_Disserta??o_final.pdf: 3349456 bytes, checksum: ef922100f6f85f8fd1ccf7b1cc376d83 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-27 / This is a study about working process of Family Health Program (PSF ? Programa Sa?de da Fam?lia) focusing pharmaceutical services. The objectives were to understand workers meanings about pharmaceutical services of PSF, to analyze health working process focusing actions about pharmaceutical services. Else, to discuss how workers do technical assistance and technical management actions to production of care, and to identify difficulties, facilities, limits, advances and perspectives found in the pharmaceutical services. This is a qualitative research. Eleven health units of a district in the state of Bahia, Brasil. The subjects were organized in three groups: key informant (four subjects), health workers (fourteen subjects) and users (eight subjects). The technical data production was systematic observation, semi structured interview and documental analysis. The analysis method was content analysis. This study was approved by The Research and Ethics Committee of State University of Feira de Santana under the registration number 59/2012. The empiric data shows, about senses and meanings of pharmaceutical services, that subjects understand it as a health politics or government program. The agents mainly use hard and soft hard technologies. There is a predominance of management technical activities. The objects of working process were managing of medicines and disease or risk. The goals were to manage the pharmaceutical services, to educate the family health team and users, moreover taking care of them. Among the difficulties reported by subjects stood out insufficient financial resources and precarious forms of work. Furthermore, an insufficient support of pharmacists, which work on Family Health Support Core (NASF-N?cleo de Apoio ? Sa?de da Fam?lia), and in pharmaceutical services sector to the health units. Other difficulties were the absence of protocols and standardization of procedures about pharmaceutical services in PSF, improper disposal and steal of medicines, and inadequate structure of pharmacies. The limits were few pharmacist and many activities of workers team. Interpersonal relations and appropriate organization of medicines in the pharmacies were the facilities on the working process. The restructuring of Drug Supply Center, inclusion of medicines in Municipal List of Essential Medicines and creation of Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee of Legal were the advances. The perspectives refer to the creation of a center of dispensing medicines and pilot project pharmacy. The working process shows disjointed between the agents, making it difficult the organization of pharmaceutical services in PSF. Moreover, noncompliance of health and professional law and difficulties in production of care on health. / Estudo sobre o processo de trabalho no Programa Sa?de da Fam?lia (PSF) com enfoque na assist?ncia farmac?utica. Os objetivos foram compreender o(s) sentido(s) e significado(s) dado(s) pelos trabalhadores de sa?de sobre assist?ncia farmac?utica no PSF; analisar o processo de trabalho em sa?de, no que concerne ?s a??es relacionadas ? assist?ncia farmac?utica; discutir como s?o realizadas as a??es assistenciais e gerenciais da assist?ncia farmac?utica para a produ??o do cuidado; identificar as dificuldades, limites, facilidades, avan?os e perspectivas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, tendo como campo de investiga??o 11 Unidades de Sa?de da Fam?lia, em um munic?pio do estado da Bahia, Brasil. Os sujeitos foram divididos em: Grupo I, informantes-chave (quatro); Grupo II, trabalhadores de sa?de (quatorze); e Grupo III, usu?rios (oito). As t?cnicas de coleta de dados foram observa??o sistem?tica, entrevista semi-estruturada e an?lise de documentos. O m?todo de an?lise foi a an?lise de conte?do. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comit? de ?tica em Pesquisa da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, sob protocolo no59/2012. Quanto aos sentidos e significados atribu?dos ? assist?ncia farmac?utica os sujeitos a compreendem como uma pol?tica de sa?de ou programa de governo. Os agentes utilizam principalmente as tecnologias duras e leve-duras, com predom?nio das atividades gerenciais, sendo os objetos do processo de trabalho o medicamento, a doen?a ou o risco. As finalidades foram gerir a assist?ncia farmac?utica, educar a equipe de sa?de e os usu?rios, al?m de cuidar dos indiv?duos para que tenham qualidade de vida. Dentre as dificuldades destacam-se recursos financeiros insuficientes, precariza??o de v?nculos, apoio incipiente de farmac?uticos no PSF, aus?ncia de protocolos e de padroniza??o da assist?ncia farmac?utica, descarte inadequado, estrutura inadequada das farm?cias e desinteresse dos usu?rios pelas atividades educativas. Os limites encontrados foram o n?mero reduzido de farmac?uticos e a sobrecarga de atividades dos trabalhadores. As rela??es interpessoais e a organiza??o dos medicamentos foram facilidades no processo de trabalho. A reestrutura??o da Central de Abastecimento Farmac?utico, as inclus?es de medicamentos na Rela??o Municipal e a cria??o da Comiss?o de Farm?cia e Terap?utica Jur?dica foram avan?os identificados. As perspectivas referem-se ? cria??o de um centro de dispensa??o especializado e implementa??o de projeto-piloto de farm?cia. O processo de trabalho revela-se desarticulado entre os agentes, refletindo em desestrutura??o da assist?ncia farmac?utica no PSF, descumprimento de determina??es sanit?rias e profissionais e dificuldades para produzir o cuidado em sa?de.

University of Macau / Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences

The dispensing Medical Practitioner has become topical since 13B4 . Dn this issue, much confusion and ignorance prevails, both amongst members of the medical and allied professions and in the public mind. This study was undertaken to demonstrate some aspects of dispensing of medicines in South Africa and to cansider the implications arising out of the application of legislation governing such dispensing of medicines by family practi tioners. The main objectives of this study were: CaD To identify and ascertain the opinions and policies of all those who are involved and concerned with the dispensing of medicines. Cb) To determine the implications of all the legislation governing the dispensing of medicines on: 1. patient care 2. the dispensing of medicines by doctors Cto their patients}. Information was gathered from a questionnaire sent to service/ consumer groups; from literature review of journals; publications and gazettes; and from legal consultations. The results of the study indicated that: C13 Professional Associations such as, Medical Association of South Africa, the Pharmaceutical Society as well as statutory bodies such as the South African Medical and Dental Council and the Pharmacy Council are concerned with issues such as 'trading in medicine ' and 'profiteering '. Inadequate patient care resulting from the physical, financial and economic hardships suffered by a majority of patients are issues which appear not to have been addressed by these bodies. CE) The fundamental issues of "what is in the best interest of the patient " appears to be ignored in legislation pertaining to dispensing. C33 Dispensing to patients became difficult due to the impractical stringent restrictions imposed by the legislation governing dispensing of medicines. C4D The dispensing of medicines by a doctor is less timB consuming, more convenient and cheaper for the patient as well as for the Sick Benefit Funds. The results were discussed with respect to their theoretical and practical implications and the conclusion reached was that the dispensing legislation presently designed for first world communities, became totally impractical when applied to third world communities, and that most doctors dispense medicines in response to the needs of the individual communities they service. Further research possibilities and recommendations were suggested in order to gain a greater understanding of the dispensing issue, which hopefully will assist to improve the quality of health care and also ensure the best possible advantage for the patient. / Thesis (MMed.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1986.

<p>This study aimed to identify barriers to the availability of essential drugs at health facilities, to identify implementable solutions to those barriers, to develop a monitoring system for tracking implementation of solutions and for tracking drug supply.</p>