This thesis deals with the preparation of the combined alcoholic beverages based on wine and fruit juices. The fruit juices were obtained from the selected fruits as honeysuckle, mulberry, dogwood, rose hips, elderberry, buckthorn and aronia. Some chemical properties e. g. total fenolics, total anthocyanins, vitamin C and sacharides were determined for characterization of the mentioned juices. As well as chemical parameter of juices, the same chemical parameters were determined on wine. There were prepared three sets of combined beverages from wine and juices. The two best evaluated beverages were chosen on the basis of their sensory evaluation. In the end, the same chemical properties were determined in both particular juices and resulting beverages.

The topic of the diploma thesis „ The impact of executing new thermal insulation on an administrative building in Blansko on the expenses associated with its operation“ is a draft and appraisal of four variants of thermal insulation of the building (EPS, EPS G, Mineral wool, Phenolic foam). It deals with an actual building situated in Blansko. All the variants are projected according to the same technical specifications (thermal transmittance) and their thermal parameters, technical parameters and the rate of return have been assessed. The assessed building (The A building) is at rectangular shape. It has six above - ground floors and a basement, it contains mainly administration sites. The construction system is concrete frame, which has curtain wall made of perforated blocks with thickness 250 mm. The building has got reinforced concrete floors, the roofing is made of double-skin roof construction. The supply for heating is a separate gas boiler room.

This Diploma thesis focuses on the study of penetration of selected phenolic substances contained in extract from black elder (Sambucus nigra) via modelling systems represented by two types of synthetic membranes and a real system represented by a biological membrane. As a biological membrane, we have chosen skin from pig´s earlobe. Experiments of transdermal absorption and absorption through synthetic membranes were conducted through vertical (Franz´s) cells. Selected substances contained in the extract from black elder were rutin and chlorogenic acid. The main focus of this work was to determine how readily, or if at all, these two selected phenolic substances penetrate the skin and selected synthetic membranes. The percentage of absorbed amount of the substance was determined by HPLC analysis.

This Ph.D. thesis deals with the deep analysis of polyphenols effects toward vascular disorders. This work provides a number of experimental results of studying both the effects of natural bioactive compounds in red wines and potatoes, and their application to the experiments which includes experimental animal models with spontaneous hypertension. Methods and equipment used in experimental studies allowed us to make several new statements regarding the universal nature of the relationships between the antioxidant capacity and the polyphenolic content in examined foodstuffs. Besides this it is also recognized that food is a source of minerals which also contribute to the total antioxidant capacity and therefore may have influence the endogenous antioxidant enzyme system by providing the essential cofactors. Experimentally we have found that the concentrations of magnesium known for its therapeutic action in wine and red wine extract are comparable to the mineral waters recommended for the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Moreover, synergistic interactions between selected minerals have been found. The key issue of bioavailability of polyphenols for supporting the idea of the beneficial effects of diet rich in fruits and vegetables toward vascular disease prevention...

Harmonic distorted voltage waveforms can lead to excessive heat in the insulation of electrical equipment. The prospectively increasing number of power electronic devices in electrical grids requires the careful examination of the conse- quences of harmonics, which are introduced due to the operating principle of the semiconductor switches. Investigations of the thermal breakdown of solid dielectrics that may occur as a consequence of harmonic distortion on the voltage waveform of electrical grids are presented in this contribution. A thermo-electrical multi-frequency model allows the calculation of the overtemperature in the material. The calculations are confirmed by breakdown experiments of phenolic paper and epoxy resin. Generally, the additional dielectric losses due to the harmonic voltage distortion increase the possibility of exceeding the thermal equilibrium. However, modern insulation materials like the investigated epoxy resin have very low loss factors which is favourable for good thermal performance even with severely distorted voltages.

Vanliga fenoliska antioxidanter som används i polymerer orsakar färgändringar i polymeren. Detta arbete berör antioxidanter med jämförelsevis begränsad färgändring, med fokus på att utveckla metoder för analys av dessa. UV-stabilisatorerna UV2, UV5, UV1, UV4, UV3 och UV6 är också inkluderade i detta arbete. Metodutvecklingen involverade både kapillärelektrofores och ”matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry” (MALDI-TOF). Den bästa metoden för analys av de flesta av additiven inkluderade MALDI-TOF med 2’,6’-dihydroxyacetophenon (10 mg/ml) i TA50 som matris och hexafluoroisopropanol som lösningsmedel. När en metod för detektion av analyterna hade tagits fram, så inleddes utveckling av en metod för extraktion av additiv från polymera material. Extraktion av UV5 var framgångsrik vid användning av toluen vid 80 °C i ultraljudsbad i tre timmar. Det extraherade UV5 detekterades sedan med metoden som hade utvecklats för det rena additivet. / Ordinary phenolic antioxidants used in polymers give rise to color formations. This work concerns antioxidants with limited color-formations in comparison, with the focus being development of methods for analysis of these. Also included in this work are the high molecular weight UV-stabilizers UV2, UV5, UV1, UV4, UV3 and UV6. The method development involved both capillary electrophoresis and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF). The best method for analysis of most additives involved using MALDI-TOF with a matrix consisting of 2’,6’-dihydroxyacetophenone (10 mg/ml) in TA50 and with hexafluoro isopropanol as the solvent. When a method for detection of the analytes had been obtained, a method for extraction of the additives from polymers was developed. UV5 was successfully extracted using toluene as the extracting solvent at 80 °C under sonication for three hours. The extracted UV5 was then detected using the method developed for the pure additive.

The biochemical factors affecting post-harvest preservation in apples indicated that well-preserved varieties of apples had increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity initially and the activity declined during later storage as apples deteriorated. The SOD link to better preservation correlated with higher phenolic content and free-radical scavenging linked antioxidant activity. Well-preserved varieties were able to maintain a more stable pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) (measured by the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, G6PDH) throughout the storage period. Proline content increased in all varieties with an increase in proline dehydrogenase (PDH) activity in the initial period indicating proline catabolism supporting potential ATP synthesis. During later storage succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity increased while PDH activity declined indicating a shift to tricarboxylic acid cycle and likely NADH generation for ATP synthesis. This shift coupled with the declining SOD activity coincides with rapid deterioration. The guaiacol peroxidase activity (GPX) activity generally declined in late stages indicating post-harvest deterioration. Increasing number of studies have shown that regular intake of fruits and vegetables have clear links to reduced risk of chronic diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The beneficial effects in many cases have been attributed to the phenolic and antioxidant content of the fruits and vegetables. Apples are a major source of fiber and contain good dietary phenolics with antioxidant function. Previous epidemiological studies have indicated that intake of apples reduces the risk of developing Type II diabetes. Our studies indicate that this reduced risk is potentially due to modulation of postprandial glucose increase by phenolics present in apples via inhibition of a-glucosidase. Phenolic content was evaluated during 3 months of post-harvest storage of four varieties of apples and results indicated positive linkage to enhanced post-harvest preservation and a-glucosidase inhibition. These in vitro results along with existing epidemiological studies provide strong biochemical rationale for further animal or human clinical studies.

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This thesis includes two studies: The first examined developmental changes that take place in the physiology of aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) and to characterize developmental influences on patterns of phenotypic trait variation among different aged ramets within the aspen clones. We surveyed eight clones, each with 8 distinct age classes ranging from 1 to 170 yrs in age. Using regression analysis we examined the relationships between ramet age and expression of functional phenotypes. Eight of the phenotypic traits demonstrated a non-linear relationship in which large changes in phenotype occurred in the early stages of ramet development and stabilized thereafter. Water and nutrient concentration, leaf gas exchange and phenolic glycosides tended to decrease from early to late development, while sucrose and condensed tannin concentrations and water use efficiency increased with ramet age. We hypothesize that ontogenetically derived phenotypic variation leads to fitness differentials among different aged ramets, which may have important implications for clone fitness. Age-related increases in phenotypic diversity may partially underlie aspen's ability as a species to tolerate the large environmental gradients that span its broad geographical range. Fire is an essential component of many forest ecosystems and fire exclusion policies and other anthropogenic factors have significantly altered disturbance regimes, which has lead to increased aspen succession to conifers. The second study examined how post-fire aspen regeneration success is influenced by increasing conifer abundance under longer fire return intervals. 66 sites were selected from the Sanford prescribed fire complex located in the Dixie National Forest. Slope, aspect, sucker regeneration heights, soil samples, and post and prefire stand densities were measured. Results from this study demonstrated that pre-disturbance conifer abundance and aspen densities are good predictors of aspen sucker regeneration success. Results also found that although conifer densities don't change across aspects, aspen densities are different on north facing slopes. We hypothesize the high levels of aspen regeneration came from a large disturbance size which overwhelmed the high levels of herbivores.

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