Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:59:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 453973.pdf: 2336011 bytes, checksum: e45d181e32c66485902e3a8c18713209 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-22 / Due to the growing concerns with the environmental problems caused by the use of heavy fuel oil, is increasingly the incentive to clean fuels, mainly in the field of transport. In this study, emissions of a truck of garbage collection in route in the city of Porto Alegre fuelled with CNG and biogas were monitored. A truck from the ELCD? database moved by diesel was used for comparison of this fuel. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology was used to assess the environmental impacts of CNG and biogas in phase of use in this vehicle. For the majority analyzed situations for the CNG, the global warming potential was approximately 10 kg CO2-Eq. /km rotated, the acidification potential and terrestrial eutrophication were 0.5 and 0.04 m? /km rotated, respectively. The database truck moved by diesel had less potential for global warming and acidification and greater potential for eutrophication terrestrial, when compared to CNG; and better performance in all categories front to biogas. The study enabled to identify the main responsible for impacts, and observe the emissions profile in different traffic conditions. / Devido ?s crescentes preocupa??es com os problemas ambientais causados pelo uso de combust?veis pesados, ? cada vez maior o incentivo aos combust?veis limpos, principalmente no setor de transportes. Nesse trabalho, foram monitoradas as emiss?es de um caminh?o de coleta de lixo em rota na cidade de Porto Alegre abastecido com GNV e biog?s. Um caminh?o da base de dados ELCD? movido a diesel foi utilizado para compara??o desse combust?vel. A metodologia da Avalia??o de Ciclo de Vida (ACV) foi utilizada para avaliar os impactos ambientais do GNV e do biog?s na fase de uso nesse ve?culo. Para a maior parte das situa??es analisadas para o GNV, o potencial de aquecimento global foi de aproximadamente 10 kg CO2-Eq./km rodado, os potenciais de acidifica??o e eutrofiza??o terrestre foram de 0,5 e 0,04 m?/km rodado, respectivamente. O caminh?o da base de dados movido a diesel teve menor potencial de aquecimento global e acidifica??o e maior potencial de eutrofiza??o terrestre, quando comparado ao GNV; e melhor desempenho em todas as categorias frente ao biog?s. O estudo possibilitou identificar os principais respons?veis pelos impactos, e observar o perfil das emiss?es em diferentes condi??es de tr?fego.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-03-22T19:43:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaCarlaDosSantosGomes_TESE.pdf: 2045836 bytes, checksum: ff6c9c41b7e51898c5fe7a829858ce04 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-03-28T20:29:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaCarlaDosSantosGomes_TESE.pdf: 2045836 bytes, checksum: ff6c9c41b7e51898c5fe7a829858ce04 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-28T20:29:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaCarlaDosSantosGomes_TESE.pdf: 2045836 bytes, checksum: ff6c9c41b7e51898c5fe7a829858ce04 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-06 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / O clima e a polui??o do ar, dentre outros, s?o fatores respons?veis pelo aumento da vulnerabilidade da sa?de das popula??es residentes nos grandes centros urbanos. Altera??es clim?ticas combinadas a altas concentra??es de poluentes atmosf?ricos est?o associadas a doen?as respirat?rias e cardiovasculares. Neste sentido, o objetivo principal da pesquisa ? modelar de diferentes formas a rela??o clima e sa?de, especificamente para a popula??o de crian?as e idosos residentes em S?o Paulo. Para tanto, foram utilizados dados de vari?veis meteorol?gicas, poluentes atmosf?ricos, interna??es e ?bitos por doen?as respirat?rias e cardiovasculares no per?odo de 11 anos (2000 a 2010). Por interm?dio de Modelos via equa??es de estima??o generalizadas, estimou-se o risco relativo. Com a regress?o din?mica, foi poss?vel prever o n?mero de ?bitos por meio das vari?veis atmosf?ricas e por meio do modelo beta-binomial-poisson estimouse o n?mero de ?bitos e foi poss?vel projetar cen?rios. Os resultados mostraram que o risco das interna??es por asma aumenta aproximadamente duas vezes para crian?as expostas ?s altas concentra??es do material particulado do que crian?as que n?o s?o expostas. O risco de morte por infarto agudo do mioc?rdio de idosos aumenta em 3%, 6%, 4% e 9% devido ?s concentra??es de CO, SO2, O3 e PM10, respectivamente. Com rela??o ? modelagem via regress?o din?mica, os resultados mostraram que os ?bitos por doen?as respirat?rias podem ser previstos de forma consistente. O modelo betabinomial-poisson conseguiu retratar o n?mero m?dio de ?bitos por insufici?ncia card?aca. Na regi?o de Santo Amaro o n?mero observado foi de 2,462 e o simulado de 2,508 na regi?o da S?, o observado foi de 4,308 e o simulado de 4,426 o que possibilitou a gera??o de cen?rios que possam servir como par?metro para a an?lise destinada ? tomada de decis?o. A partir dos resultados obtidos, ? poss?vel contribuir com metodologias que possam auxiliar a compreens?o da rela??o clima e sa?de fornecendo subs?dios aos gestores no planejamento de pol?ticas de sa?de p?blica e ambiental. / Climate and air pollution, among others, are responsible factors for increase of health vulnerability of the populations that live in urban centers. Climate changes combined with high concentrations of atmospheric pollutants are usually associated with respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. In this sense, the main objective of this research is to model in different ways the climate and health relation, specifically for the children and elderly population which live in S?o Paulo. Therefore, data of meteorological variables, air pollutants, hospitalizations and deaths from respiratory and cardiovascular diseases a in 11-year period (2000-2010) were used. By using modeling via generalized estimating equations, the relative risk was obtained. By dynamic regression, it was possible to predict the number of deaths through the atmospheric variables and the betabinomial-poisson model was able to estimate the number of deaths and simulate scenarios. The results showed that the risk of hospitalizations due to asthma increases approximately twice for children exposed to high concentrations of particulate matter than children who are not exposed. The risk of death by acute myocardial infarction in elderly increase in 3%, 6%, 4% and 9% due to high concentrations CO, SO2, O3 and PM10, respectively. Regarding the dynamic regression modeling, the results showed that deaths by respiratory diseases can be predicted consistently. The beta-binomial-poisson model was able to reproduce an average number of deaths by heart insufficiency. In the region of Santo Amaro the observed number was 2.462 and the simulated was 2.508, in the S? region 4.308 were observed and 4.426 simulated, which allowed for the generation of scenarios that may be used as a parameter for decision. Making with these results, it is possible to contribute for methodologies that can improve the understanding of the relation between climate and health and proved support to managers in environmental planning and public health policies.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-12-01T11:46:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 476511 - Texto Completo.pdf: 5427207 bytes, checksum: 7ee3e833bdd0c3bf519e352e332d5b93 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-01T11:46:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 476511 - Texto Completo.pdf: 5427207 bytes, checksum: 7ee3e833bdd0c3bf519e352e332d5b93 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-25 / Objective: To describe the levels of pollution in public schools from the city of Porto Alegre. Methods: Thus, the aim of this work was to investigate the relationship between weather conditions an air quality of some public schools in Porto Alegre. Indoor and outdoor particulate matter concentrations were measured and analysed throughout the four seasons. Mobile devices were used to measure particulate matter concentrations in nive microenvironments near schools and in the routes used by students. Temperature, humidity and wind were also measured. Results: The particulate matter concentrations in the nine microenvironmets were similar and mostly higher than the tolerated level recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Conclusion: It was observed that only in the autumn season the particulate matter concentrations remained close to the exposure levels recommended by WHO for 24 hours. / Materiais e m?todos: Foram inclu?das nove escolas p?blicas de ensino fundamental da cidade de Porto Alegre-RS, que foram georreferenciadas e demarcadas tr?s rotas para realizar a coleta de material particulado em dois turnos em quatros esta??es do ano. Resultados: Foram avaliadas concentra??es de material particulado de 2.5 micrometros em movimento, em tr?s rotas de nove microambientes em quatro esta??es clim?ticas, e tamb?m dois pontos fixos no interior de salas de aula. As concentra??es de pico de material particulado foram realizadas em momento de criticidade de aumento de deslocamento em que as crian?as ficam expostas ao se deslocarem para escola. Os valores de pico no nove microambientes diferenciaramse entre si e mantiveram-se elevados em tr?s esta??es clim?ticas diferenciando-se no outono. Conclus?o: Os resultados do presente estudo demonstram achados similares nas concentra??es de pico de material particulado de 2.5 nos nove microambientes indoor e outdoor.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:33:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 453650.pdf: 939779 bytes, checksum: 7364d093228e0b61e9c071e815ee401a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-08 / Objective : To describe the levels of pollution in of public schools from the city of Porto Alegre, as well as to estimate the behavior of the different methodologies used to evaluate the concentration of pollutants. Methods : We measured the levels of pollutants that students are exposed in public schools from Porto Alegre. The distance from schools and homes to the avenue of higher vehicle traffic was estimated, and the levels of particulate matter of 2.5μm (MP2.5) in the microenvironments of the schools were measured, both at selected and moving points. Conclusion : This study indicates that a significant number of schools in the city of Porto Alegre and students residencies are located in places with air pollution levels considered risky to health according to the World Health Organization and the level of agreement between the methods used for pollution evaluation, were lower than expected. Results : Nine public schools of Porto Alegre were included and a total of 196 students. Thirty three percent of schools were within 400 meters of distance to a big avenue, a distance considered risky; the number of students living within 400 meters to a big avenue was 96 (49%). Eighty two students (42%) were exposed to MP2.5 levels above 25 mcg / m?, considered risky to health, during their pathway from home to school; at the indoor environment, 29 students (15%) and 53 students to outdoor environment (27%). The agreement between the methods used at the most polluted places Kappa values ranged from -0.443 (measured indoor) to 0.422 (measured outdoor).Conclusion : This study indicates that a significant number of schools in the city of Porto Alegre and students residencies are located in places with air pollution levels considered risky to health according to the World Health Organization and the level of agreement between the methods used for pollution evaluation, were lower than expected. / Objetivo : descrever os n?veis de polui??o atmosf?rica no ambiente de escolas p?blicas da cidade de Porto Alegre, assim como avaliar o comportamento das diferentes metodologias utilizadas para avalia??o da concentra??o de poluentes. M?todos : Foram aferidos os n?veis de poluentes ao quais est?o expostos os alunos das escolas p?blicas de Porto Alegre. Foram utilizados os dados das dist?ncias das escolas e das resid?ncias dos escolares com a avenida de maior tr?fego de ve?culos mais pr?xima; e ainda avaliaram-se os n?veis de material particulado 2.5μm (MP2.5) nos microambientes das escolas com avalia??es em movimento e avalia??es pontuais. Resultados : Foram inclu?das nove escolas da rede p?blica de Porto Alegre e um total de 196 alunos. A dist?ncia m?xima de 400 metros, considerada de risco, entre avenida e escola teve um total 33% e entre avenida e resid?ncia um total de 96 alunos (49%). Os n?veis de MP2.5 acima de 25μg/m?, considerado risco para sa?de, s?o 82 alunos para as rotas de pesquisa (42%), 29 alunos para ambiente indoor (15%) e 53 alunos para ambiente outdoor(27%). As concord?ncias entre os m?todos utilizados quanto aos locais mais polu?dos os valores de Kappa oscilaram de -0,443 (medida indoor) a 0,422 (medida outdoor) Conclus?o : O presente estudo indica que um n?mero expressivo de escolas do munic?pio de Porto Alegre e de escolares reside em locais com os n?veis de polui??o atmosf?rica considerados de risco para sa?de segundo a Organiza??o Mundial da Sa?de e que a concord?ncia entre os m?todos de avalia??o da polui??o utilizados tiveram valores inferiores ao esperado.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-06-02T22:45:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CynthiaGabriellaCunhaDaSilvaSoares_DISSERT.pdf: 2870039 bytes, checksum: 0a6d737e1a73e74bce478efa0dd78957 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-06-09T19:22:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 CynthiaGabriellaCunhaDaSilvaSoares_DISSERT.pdf: 2870039 bytes, checksum: 0a6d737e1a73e74bce478efa0dd78957 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-09T19:22:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CynthiaGabriellaCunhaDaSilvaSoares_DISSERT.pdf: 2870039 bytes, checksum: 0a6d737e1a73e74bce478efa0dd78957 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-22 / Para compreender os processos de emiss?o de poluentes para a atmosfera, assim como consequentes transforma??es qu?micas e eventual contamina??o da atmosfera, ? importante monitorar o ar buscando identificar e quantificar as diferentes esp?cies qu?micas presentes, principalmente em ?reas influenciadas pela a??o do homem, atrav?s das atividades industriais, transporte e gera??o de energia. Estes setores geram emiss?es massivas de gases e material particulado para a atmosfera. Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar o material particulado suspenso no ar em um local representativo do Vale do A?u exposto, entre outros, a emiss?es de queima de biomassa, onde foi quantificado o material particulado total atrav?s de an?lise gravim?trica, e a composi??o qu?mica e a an?lise morfol?gica do material particulado foi feita atrav?s da Microscopia Eletr?nica de Varredura (MEV) equipada com detectores de Energia Dispersiva de Raios-X (EDS). A coleta das amostras foi realizada no Instituto Federal de Educa??o Ci?ncias e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte, campus Ipangua?u, por um per?odo de dois meses (25/05/2016 ? 25/06/2016 e 01/11/2016 ? 30/11/2016), cada m?s referente ? esta??o seca e ?mida, respectivamente. Para a coleta foram utilizados dois amostradores, um de material particulado grosso (AGV-MP10) e outro de part?culas totais em suspens?o (HANDI-VOL). As coletas foram realizadas de acordo com as Normas da Associa??o Brasileira de Normas T?cnicas (ABNT), descrita para o Amostrador de Grande Volume (AGV) e para Part?culas Totais em Suspens?o (PTS). Posteriormente realizou-se an?lise de gravimetria durante a qual foi realizado o c?lculo de concentra??o desse material atrav?s da diferen?a entre a massa do filtro antes e ap?s a coleta. Os resultados mostram que as m?dias di?rias de concentra??o de massa do MP10 para o m?s de junho variaram de 10,13 a 86,48 ?g/m3. J? as concentra??es m?dias di?rias de PTS variaram de 29,86 a 146,05 ?g/m3 no per?odo de junho, em novembro essas concentra??es variaram de 44,37 a 81,25 ?g/m3. Os resultados das concentra??es dos poluentes foram relacionados estatisticamente com vari?veis meteorol?gicas para obter rela??o sobre os efeitos dessas vari?veis na concentra??o desses poluentes. A partir da an?lise por MEV (EDS), foi poss?vel identificar part?culas com forma de aglomerados, esf?ricas e placas, com os elementos qu?micos com maior concentra??o presentes nos filtros sendo: S, K, Si, Al, Cl, Fe, Ba, Ca, Na, Mg e Zn. Finalmente, foram feitas simula??es para identificar a origem deste material particulado, usando o modelo de retro-trajet?rias HYSPLIT. / To understand the emission processes of pollutants to the atmosphere, as well as their chemical transformation and, consequently, eventual contamination of the atmosphere ,monitoring is important to seek identifying and quantifying the present different chemical species, mainly in the anthropogenically influenced areas influenced by industrial and transportactivities, and generation of energy. These sectors produce massive emissions of gases and particulate matter into an atmosphere. This work aimed at characterizing the suspended particulate material at a representative location of the A?u Valley exposed, among others, to biomass burning emissions, where total particulate matter was analyzed through gravimetric analysis, and chemical and morphological analysis of the particulate material were assessed through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) equipped with X-ray Dispersive Energy (EDS) detectors. Sampling was carried out by the Institute of Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Ipangua?u, for a period of two months (May 25, 2016 to June 26,2016 and November 1-30, 2016), each month referring to the dry and humid season, respectively. Two samplers were used: one for coarse particulate matter (HVS-MP10) and one for Total suspended Particulate Matter (HANDI-VOL). Samples were taken according to the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards (ABNT), describing the High Volume Sampler (HVS) and Total Suspended Particles (PTS). Subsequently, the gravimetric analysis was carried out, where the concentration of material was calculated through the difference between the filter massbefore and after collection. The results show that average daily PM10 mass concentrations for the month of June ranged from 10.13 to 86.48 ?g/m3. Mean daily mass concentrations of PTS varied from 29.86 to 146.05 ?g/m3 in June, while in November mass concentrations ranged from 44.37 to 81.25 ?g/m3. The pollutants concentration results were statistically related to meteorological variables to obtain a relation of the effects of those variables on pollutant concentrations. By the SEM analysis, it was possible to identify particles in agglomerated, spherical, and plaque formats. The major chemical elements of the collected samples were: S, K, Si, Al, A, S, K, Si, Al, Cl, Fe, Ba, Ca, Na, Mg and Zn. Finally, simulations of the area of origin of this particulate material were performed by using the HYSPLIT backward trajectory model.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-02-22T18:59:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 EdicleDeSouzaFernandesDuarte_DISSERT.pdf: 4138983 bytes, checksum: df01c5170db549f67ecd82cd96196064 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-03-06T18:52:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 EdicleDeSouzaFernandesDuarte_DISSERT.pdf: 4138983 bytes, checksum: df01c5170db549f67ecd82cd96196064 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-06T18:52:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EdicleDeSouzaFernandesDuarte_DISSERT.pdf: 4138983 bytes, checksum: df01c5170db549f67ecd82cd96196064 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-28 / Este trabalho teve como objetivo elaborar uma caracteriza??o qu?mica de aeross?is atmosf?ricos s?lidos finos (MP2.5) coletados por um Impactador Harvard na cidade de Natal, capital do estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. A amostragem foi feita diariamente, utilizando filtros de quartzo de 37 mm. Utilizaram-se t?cnicas de gravimetria, quantifica??o de Black Carbon (BC) e an?lise de Fluoresc?ncia de Raio-X para a an?lise destes filtros. A amostragem de MP2.5 ocorreu de forma cont?nua no per?odo de 03 de mar?o de 2015 a 31 de Dezembro de 2015. Tamb?m foram feitas simula??es de dispers?o e deposi??o deste material particulado usando o modelo de trajet?rias HYSPLIT com o objetivo de identificar a origem e o destino desses poluentes na atmosfera. Os resultados mostram que as concentra??es de massa m?dias mensais variaram de 2,98 a 14,43 ?g/m3 para o MP2.5 no per?odo analisado. J? as concentra??es m?dias di?rias de MP2.5 variaram de 0,25 a 62,79 ?g/m3 no mesmo per?odo. As an?lises de BC mostraram que o m?s de junho apresentou o maior pico de concentra??o de 3,42 ?g/m?. Atrav?s da an?lise de concentra??o do BC para os dias da semana foi poss?vel observar nos gr?ficos box plot que as concentra??es no s?bado e domingo tendem a ser menores que nos demais dias da semana, isto pode estar associado ao efeito da diminui??o do tr?fego de ve?culos nestes dias. Os dias de semana, de segunda a sexta-feira, apresentaram as maiores dispers?es de valores de concentra??o de BC em que o intervalo interquartil foi superior aos dias de s?bado e domingo, mostrando que as concentra??es de BC s?o maiores durante a semana do que nos finais de semana tendo em vista que o tr?fego de ve?culos ? mais intenso. A partir das coletas obtidas pelo amostrador de particulado fino e an?lise por Fluoresc?ncia de Raio-X (EDX) foi poss?vel identificar os elementos com maior concentra??o presentes nos filtros: o S, K, Si, Al, Cl, Fe, P, Ca, Mn e Ca. A maioria dos componentes ? de origem antropog?nica de acordo com o fator de enriquecimento, sendo Na, Mg, Sn, Zn, Al, Fe e Ti proveniente de fontes naturais. Os resultados das concentra??es de MP2.5 foram relacionados estatisticamente com vari?veis meteorol?gicas para obter informa??es sobre os efeitos dessas vari?veis sobre a concentra??o de MP. / This study had as objective a chemical characterization of PM 2.5 aerosol collected by a Harvard Sampler in Natal, capital of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Sampling was performed daily using a 37 mm quartz filters. Gravimetric techniques were used, as well as quantification of Black Carbon (BC), and X-ray fluorescence analysis. Also, simulations were made to understand dispersion and deposition of the particulate matter using trajectories of the HYSPLIT model in order to know the origin and fate of these pollutants in the atmosphere. The sampling of PM2.5 occurred continuously for the period from March 03, 2015 to December 2015. The results showed that the monthly averages ranged from 2.98 a 14.43 ?g/m3 for the analyzed PM2.5 period, while the daily average concentrations ranged from 0.25 a 62,79 ?g/m3 for PM 2.5 during the same period. The BC analysis showed that the month of June showed the highest peak of BC concentration of approximately 3.42 ?g/m3. Through the BC concentration analysis by weekdays it was observed in the box plot graphs that the concentrations on Saturday and Sunday tend to be smaller than the other days of the week. This can be associated with the effect of the reduction in vehicle traffic during these days. The days from Monday through Friday, showed the highest dispersion of BC concentrations in which the interquartile range was greater than the days of Saturday and Sunday, showing that BC concentrations are larger during the week than on weekends since vehicle traffic is more intense. From the samples obtained by the fine particulate sampler and analysis by X-ray fluorescence (EDX) it was possible to identify the elements with the highest concentration present in the filters: S, K, Si, Al, Cl, Fe, P, Ca, Mn and Ca. Most of these components were of anthropogenic origin according to the enrichment factor, and Na, Mg, Sn, Zn, Al, Fe and Ti are from natural sources. The results of PM2.5 concentrations were statistically related to meteorological variables for information about the effects of these variables on the concentration.