Möjligheternas nation? Ida Hansson KällAbstractTitle: A Student Nation of Possibilities? A qualitative study of the image and the positioningof Norrlands nation (Möjligheternas nation? En kvalitativ studie av Norrlands nations imageoch positionering)Number of pages: 41 (43 including enclosures)Author: Ida Hansson KällTutor: Peder Hård af SegerstadCourse: Media and Communication Studies 30hpPeriod: Fall 2008University: Division of Media and Communication, Department of Information Science,Uppsala UniversityPurpose/Aim: The purpose of this essay is to identify what students in Uppsala and themanagement of Norrlands nation think of the activities at the nation's daily schedule. Theimage of Norrlands nation will be compared to the nation's profile and identity, its currentlyprofile and position in Uppsala. Proposals of preventive measures will also be presented.Material/Method: I've done two interviews with the management of Norrlands nation andtwo focus group interviews with three students in each group. During the interviews I havefocused on the image, profile and identity of Norrlands nation and its strengths, weaknesses,threats and opportunities to compare in a SWOT-analysis. I've used a semantic differential tocompare Norrlands nation to the two second biggest nations in Uppsala.Main results: Norrlands nation is mostly aware of its strengths and weaknesses that thestudents accentuated during the interviews. The results also show that the nation should try toget stronger at making sure the information about its activities reaches out to the students.Keywords: Image, profile, identity, positioning, student, nation2

Over the last 20 years, navigation has almost become synonymous with satellite positioning, e.g. the Global Positioning System (GPS). On land, sea or in the air, on the road or in a city, knowing ones position is a question of getting a clear line of sight to enough satellites. Unfortunately, since the signals are extremely weak there are environments the GPS signals cannot reach but where positioning is still highly sought after, such as indoors and underwater. Also, because the signals are so weak, GPS is vulnerable to jamming. This thesis is about alternative means of positioning for three scenarios where gps cannot be used. Indoors, there is a desire to accurately position first responders, police officers and soldiers. This could make their work both safer and more efficient. In this thesis an inertial navigation system using a foot mounted inertial magnetic mea- surement unit is studied. For such systems, zero velocity updates can be used to significantly reduce the drift in distance travelled. Unfortunately, the estimated direction one is moving in is also subject to drift, causing large positioning errors. We have therefore chosen to throughly study the key problem of robustly estimating heading indoors. To measure heading, magnetic field measurements can be used as a compass. Unfortunately, they are often disturbed indoors making them unreliable. For estimation support, the turn rate of the sensor can be measured by a gyro but such sensors often have bias problems. In this work, we present two different approaches to estimate heading despite these shortcomings. Our first system uses a Kalman filter bank that recursively estimates if the magnetic readings are disturbed or undisturbed. Our second approach estimates the entire history of headings at once, by matching integrated gyro measurements to a vector of magnetic heading measurements. Large scale experiments are used to evaluate both methods. When the heading estimation is incorporated into our positioning system, experiments show that positioning errors are reduced significantly. We also present a probabilistic stand still detection framework based on accelerometer and gyro measurements. The second and third problems studied are both maritime. Naval navigation systems are today heavily dependent on GPS. Since GPS is easily jammed, the vessels are vulnerable in critical situations. In this work we describe a radar based backup positioning system to be used in case of GPS failure. radar scans are matched using visual features to detect how the surroundings have changed, thereby describing how the vessel has moved. Finally, we study the problem of underwater positioning, an environment gps signals cannot reach. A sensor network can track vessels using acoustics and the magnetic disturbances they induce. But in order to do so, the sensors themselves first have to be accurately positioned. We present a system that positions the sensors using a friendly vessel with a known magnetic signature and trajectory. Simulations show that by studying the magnetic disturbances that the vessel produces, the location of each sensor can be accurately estimated.

The aim of this study is to fill the gap in mathematics education research concerning the relationship between identity and positioning in mathematical collaboration in groups. This study elaborates on the relationship between how pupils see themselves as math students in sixth grade, how they show their identities as math students, in contrast to how they position themselves reflexively in group collaboration while engaging in mathematical problem solving. The theoretical concepts linked to this study are discourse, identity and positioning. Discourse is used to describe and form the setting and context of the study. Identity is seen as a transient and elusive concept formed by the students own perceptions of self through narratives. The reflexive form of positioning, where the students choose to position themselves in discourse, is derived from acts and speech in group collaboration. This form of positioning is then used as comparison to the narratives of identity to explore the relationship between these two concepts. Data has been collected through participative observation and dialogue, and discourse analysis is partially used to identify the relationship. The results may have implications for future structuring and planning of mathematics education in our classrooms, and the findings provide a narrowing of the gap in mathematics education research within this area. The findings also open up new questions concerning the social constructions of identity among children. Finally, the findings related to the need of reflexive positioning among children in their early teens, and how educators can benefit from this need, are other aspects worth further research.

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Titel: Att förpacka ett pris Examination: 2012-04-21 Ämne/kurs: Kandidatuppsats, Medie- och Kommunikationsvetenskap, 15 hp Författare: Johan Ahlstrand & Patrik Olsson Handledare: Mikael GullikssonNyckelord: Förpackningsdesign, prispositionering Syfte: Syftet är att undersöka tre specifika förpackningar och hur detre visuella elementen typografi, bild/illustration och formpåverkar konsumenternas prisuppfattning av produkten. Uppsatsen undersöker också om konsumenter som oftahandlar I ett specifikt produktsegment är bättre på att avgöraprispositioneringen på våra utvalda förpackningar änkonsumenter som sällan eller aldrig handlar frånproduktsegmentet. Metod: Detta är en kvantitativ undersökning, utförd med endatorstödd enkät. Teoretiska perspektiv: Studien använder sig av teorier från Marknadskommunikation med vikt på Strategisk Positionering samt Konsumentbeteende och Förpackningsdesign. Slutsats: Våra resultat visar att form i vår studie har varit det mestinflytelserika elementet när det gäller att påverkakonsumentens prisuppfattning. De visar också att konsumentersom sällan eller aldrig handlar från vårt valda produktsegment är praktiskt taget lika duktiga på att avgöra en produktsprispositionering baserat på förpackningsdesignen som dekonsumenter som handlar ofta.

The organic food market in Sweden has grown continuously in the last decades. This led many retailers and small stores to start selling organic food as well as extending their organic food assortment and variety extensively. In this thesis our purpose was to analyse the Swedish organic food market in terms of competition and business level strategy. The two main players in the market (ICA and Coop) were chosen to be analysed in more detail as well as a local store (Bikupan). The results of the local store were generalized for other small and local stores in Sweden. This was done to get a better picture of the market and about how the companies in the Swedish organic food market compete with each other. Our data was collected by doing three semi-structured interviews, two with Coop and one with Bikupan. Furthermore, we sent out one questionnaire to ICA. In the case of Coop, we interviewed the manager for sustainable development and one specific Coop store due its interesting concept “Green Room” where almost only organic food is sold. The answers were then linked with our general findings about the market as well as our theoretical framework and the following findings were made: ICA and Coop are the main competitors followed by Axfood there are not many differences between ICA and Coop competition is to some extent based on price increasing pressure on small, local stores due to the main players’ ever increasing market coverage ICA is closest to be the cost-leader, whereas Coop is somewhat more focusing on differentiation. Small, local stores are truly differentiated compared to Coop and ICA.

Abstract The gross value of service industry in Taiwan has reached 63.3% of the GDP in 1998, and the percentage of the employed population in the service industry also accounted for over 50% (Central Statistics Service, 2000). In the service industry, the gross value produced by chain stores reached a market size of NT$18,190million in year 2002, and the proportion of chain management in the industry as was high as 33.62% (Department of Commerce, MOEA, 2003). Chain-Bookstores should plan for a marketing mix suitable to the needs of the corporation, establishing a differentiated yet high level of quality service so that in the process of making purchases, the customers will deeply remember the consumption experience, thereby strengthens the image of the brand name and loyalty of the customers. These are key issues that chain bookstores need to carefully evaluate and consider in developing a marketing mix strategy to effectively meet the trends and changes in the market. In light of the above discussion, the objectives of this study are to discuss the following: I.The development history and contemporary status of chain bookstores in the country. II.The application of primary marketing mix strategies in the chain bookstores of the country. III.Case study of the content of corporate marketing mix strategy, and conduct a comparative analysis and make recommendations on the feasibility of developing a chain bookstore marketing mix strategy. In respect of the chain bookstore market in the country, Eslite and Kingstone bookstores are used as case studies. Through literature review and in-depth interview, the marketing mix of the case study bookstores were reviewed, the results of the study are as follows: I.Management methodology: Strengthen the ability of distribution channel and reposition the brand name; make use of the price negotiation advantage to promote book sale through the mailing system. II.STP strategy: Expand the market segment to the Asia and Chinese region; conduct differentiated marketing in different regions; design marketing activities and product mix appropriate to the needs of local customers in the different regions. III.Marketing mix strategy: 1.Product: In order to grasp the trends of consumer tastes, product mix should be diversified and cross-discipline business cooperation should be encouraged. 2.Pricing: Market related products by value rather than by price. 3.Distribution channel: Combine local culture, to create differentiation in store designs. 4.Promotion: Make use of theme exhibitions, extended readings and community activities, and connect with the community-based living functions. 5.Staff: Promote the internal values of staff, which is helpful to the creation of brand image. 6.Physical evidence: Create a service environment and marks of tangible goods, which is helpful in the creation of a consumer environment and identifying a clear distinguished corporate image. 7.Service process: Strengthen the virtual distribution channel service, and effectively integrate corporate resources in the direction of customized service. Based on the results of the study, the following recommendations were made: I.Emphasize the professional niche of the bookstore to distinguish the differences in the corporate brand name and the marketing ability. II.In positioning the brand and executing the marketing strategy, the virtual website management model should be an integral part of the overall corporate considerations. III.Promote the efficiency of the logistics system, and strengthen the electronic business transaction service, so as to effectively decrease the cost of marketing and distribution. IV.Develop the extended niche of the brand, so as to strengthen the virtual and personalized customer service. Keywords¡GChain-Bookstores¡BMarket Positioning¡BMarketing Mix

Abstract This paper reports about a precision positioning XY stage utilizing flexure hinges and piezoelectric actuators. XY stage was designed with the aim of reducing the stress-concentration of flexure hinges and the low interference between two actuating axes. Utilized the expression of matrix to figure out the properties of the bellow-type flexure hinges, and proved these by mathematical software. Experiments demonstrated that the stage actuated by a stairstep driving signal with maximum displacement 1.3£gm and interference 50nm along X axis; along Y axis with maximum displacement 0.8£gm and interference 11nm. The stage actuated by a ramp signal with maximum displacement 1.2£gm and interference 45nm along X axis; along Y axis with maximum displacement 0.9£gm and interference 35nm. The finite element method (FEM) was used to analyse the stress-concentration of the stage. and the simulated results were compared with the experiments. Referred to the testing results, the target object could be moved in the aimed position accurately.

In this thesis, the positioning accuracy of the techniques in Taiwan¡¦s environment can be estimated by using the existing positioning algorithms. The satellite interferer location techniques for geostationary satellites can produce an error ellipse by measuring time difference of arrival (TDOA) and frequency difference of arrival (FDOA) between two signals which pass through the different uplink and downlink path of two satellites. In order to reduce the positioning error of the TDOA/FDOA technique, we proposed a method that using a helicopter to achieve the multibeam antenna (MBA) positioning. Using angle measurement, the positioning is carried out by fitting the measured power ratio of the interference signals received by the multibeam antenna to the gain ratio of the beams as a function of the incoming angle. This hybrid positioning technique was shown to reduce the positioning error and search area of the error ellipse.

Due to the rapid transition of our society and the economic, the local governments have to keep extending the development and the construction. While they are proposing more plans and more clear perspective to their citizens, are they aware of or consider about some practical questions, such as if their scheduled goals suit popular need? If the direction will follow up people¡¦s demand? How their policy is acknowledged by the citizens? Or if everyone knows the effect and the potential developing of those policy being carried out? This research is trying to understand how the difference between peoples¡¦ and governments¡¦ perception and viewpoients in the respects of the urban positioning, urban development policy. The citizens¡¦ multi-political attitude can be analyzed by the six elements: governmental belief, political equality, governmental satisfactory, political efficacy consciousness, public affair involvement and public affair participation. And the questions regarding to the urban positioning recognition is an unitary level. Apparently, The conclusion of this research shows that different general background of the citizens cause different multi-political attitude that influent which urban positioning recognition. Obviously, the levels of governmental belief, governmental satisfactory, political efficacy consciousness and public affair participation are positively related. This research reveals to develop multi-political attitude will help positive growth for people to recognize the position of the city and affirmative attitude toward the government. Furthermore, this research proposes the suggestions that how to improve peoples¡¦ multi-political attitude and how to enhance the citizens¡¦ recognition of the city¡¦s position in order to lead the development and the position of Kaohsiung City be acknowledged by their citizens and to raise the consciousness and the level that the citizens in Kaohsiung City to participate in the public affairs.