This thesis studies the effects of specific community- driven developer programmes run in Evaton West over the past three years (200011 to 200314) on poverty in the area. These programmes were targeted at poverty reduction and community development in Evaton West, driven by the Eindhoven municipality and COL~AP~A'@. The relationship between the Eindhoven Municipality and the Ernfuleni Municipality started as a result of the twinning of Tilburg and Eindhoven cities in the Netherlands with the erstwhile LekoaNaal Local Metropolitan Council. Evaton West was chosen as a pilot site for Eindhoven to run practical IDP programmes at, as an example of what can be achieved from properly run community-based programmes. COL~AP~Aw' as introduced to Evaton West by the Vaal University of Technology's Community Service department. Its programmes were aimed at poverty alleviation through small-scale business initiatives coupled with leadership training in the area. The approach in the thesis is to define poverty, measure it and determine the profile of the poor. This is done firstly employing household-level indicators and secondly employing community-level indicators. At household level, some of the following tools are used: the poverty line (HSL), headcount index, the poverty gap, dependency ratio, the Lorenz curve and the Gini coefficient. Unemployment is also used to determine poverty levels. At community level, the thesis employs tools such as community characteristics, community assets, principal services, education, health and environmental issues. The thesis ends with specific recommendations. In particular, formation of co-operatives and the introduction of the basic income grant (BIG) are proposed. The thesis shows that compared to Bophelong, which is approximately similar to Evaton West in terms of age and composition of residents (especially based on age analysis), Evaton West is worse-off judging by poverty and welfare at household level. It proposes that one of the problems is Evaton West's geographical displacement. The thesis also shows that compared to three years ago, Evaton west is marginally better-off judging from the community indicators applied. It ascribed such improvement to the application of the above-stated community-driven development projects in Evaton West. Finally, the thesis suggests that one of the major solutions in dealing with poverty is to consider small-scale, home-based industries that allow for easy entry. Such projects can only succeed if they are approached in an integrated manner in which local authorities are fully involved. Labour absorption capacity of large industries is declining. This forces policy-making to be redirected to alternative sources of employment. The thesis contributes ways in which community-driven development programmes may be assessed at household and community levels. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Economics))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2004.

This thesis studies the effects of specific community- driven developer programmes run in Evaton West over the past three years (200011 to 200314) on poverty in the area. These programmes were targeted at poverty reduction and community development in Evaton West, driven by the Eindhoven municipality and COL~AP~A'@. The relationship between the Eindhoven Municipality and the Ernfuleni Municipality started as a result of the twinning of Tilburg and Eindhoven cities in the Netherlands with the erstwhile LekoaNaal Local Metropolitan Council. Evaton West was chosen as a pilot site for Eindhoven to run practical IDP programmes at, as an example of what can be achieved from properly run community-based programmes. COL~AP~Aw' as introduced to Evaton West by the Vaal University of Technology's Community Service department. Its programmes were aimed at poverty alleviation through small-scale business initiatives coupled with leadership training in the area. The approach in the thesis is to define poverty, measure it and determine the profile of the poor. This is done firstly employing household-level indicators and secondly employing community-level indicators. At household level, some of the following tools are used: the poverty line (HSL), headcount index, the poverty gap, dependency ratio, the Lorenz curve and the Gini coefficient. Unemployment is also used to determine poverty levels. At community level, the thesis employs tools such as community characteristics, community assets, principal services, education, health and environmental issues. The thesis ends with specific recommendations. In particular, formation of co-operatives and the introduction of the basic income grant (BIG) are proposed. The thesis shows that compared to Bophelong, which is approximately similar to Evaton West in terms of age and composition of residents (especially based on age analysis), Evaton West is worse-off judging by poverty and welfare at household level. It proposes that one of the problems is Evaton West's geographical displacement. The thesis also shows that compared to three years ago, Evaton west is marginally better-off judging from the community indicators applied. It ascribed such improvement to the application of the above-stated community-driven development projects in Evaton West. Finally, the thesis suggests that one of the major solutions in dealing with poverty is to consider small-scale, home-based industries that allow for easy entry. Such projects can only succeed if they are approached in an integrated manner in which local authorities are fully involved. Labour absorption capacity of large industries is declining. This forces policy-making to be redirected to alternative sources of employment. The thesis contributes ways in which community-driven development programmes may be assessed at household and community levels. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Economics))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2004.

Since doi moi, Vietnam has made remarkable achievements in many frontiers. However, much effort needs to be done to further improve social and economic sectors, particularly in the context of increasing the number of uncertainties. In analyses using household surveys from Vietnam, this dissertation finds that there are discrepancies between monetary and multidimensional measures of poverty in the same time period and as well as over time. The results also show that an additional shock is not always important but physical and human assets are vital determinants of a household's poverty dynamics. Additionally, coping strategies are useful for households to recover from shocks. However, it is not always easy to identify the effects of coping strategies independently from other effects. The findings of this dissertation contribute to the increasing discussion of the discrepancies between monetary and multidimensional poverty, of the vulnerability to poverty, and of the resilience against shocks. They are also useful for evaluation and assessment of poverty alleviating policies in developing countries.

Tem-se falado demasiadamente sobre a distribuição espacial do pobre. Quanto mais desagregado o mapa, mais perfeita é a sua visualização, maior a evidência da heterogeneidade da pobreza e melhor o entendimento da maneira com que ela é formada e como pode ser combatida a partir de políticas públicas localmente específicas. O Rio Grande do Sul apresenta a pobreza distribuída de forma heterogênea por todo o território gaúcho (medida pela proporção de pobres - PP - e pelo índice de pobreza humana municipal - IPH-M), o que é corroborado a partir dos mapas de pobreza apresentados. A hipótese de que há aglomeração ('clusterização') da pobreza e não-pobreza no Rio Grande do Sul é confirmada para os dados fornecidos pelo IPEAdata para o ano 2000. Para tanto se buscou apresentar as definições de pobreza e as formas mais usadas para a sua mensuração e as dificuldades e os benefícios do mapeamento da pobreza, chamando a devida atenção ao fato que as dimensões e características da pobreza se manifestam de forma diferente quando o espaço é considerado. / There has been a lot of debate about the space distribution of the poor. The more disaggregated the map, the more perfect the evidence of poverty; aggregated national-level poverty data may obscure considerable regional variation and can bias public policies to fight poverty. Rio Grande do Sul State has its poverty (measured by the headcount index and by the human poverty index) distributed in a heterogeneous way throughout the 'gaucho' territory, what is corroborated by the presented maps of poverty displayed in this study. The hypotheses that there is a cluster of poverty and non-poverty in Rio Grande do Sul is confirmed when using the data supplied by IPEAdata for the year 2000. The confirmation was possible thanks to the use of spatial econometrics tools. To achieve this goal we presented the definitions of poverty and the most used ways to measure it and also the difficulties and the benefits of poverty mapping, giving proper attention to the fact that the dimensions and the characteristics of poverty occur in a different way when space is considered.

Tem-se falado demasiadamente sobre a distribuição espacial do pobre. Quanto mais desagregado o mapa, mais perfeita é a sua visualização, maior a evidência da heterogeneidade da pobreza e melhor o entendimento da maneira com que ela é formada e como pode ser combatida a partir de políticas públicas localmente específicas. O Rio Grande do Sul apresenta a pobreza distribuída de forma heterogênea por todo o território gaúcho (medida pela proporção de pobres - PP - e pelo índice de pobreza humana municipal - IPH-M), o que é corroborado a partir dos mapas de pobreza apresentados. A hipótese de que há aglomeração ('clusterização') da pobreza e não-pobreza no Rio Grande do Sul é confirmada para os dados fornecidos pelo IPEAdata para o ano 2000. Para tanto se buscou apresentar as definições de pobreza e as formas mais usadas para a sua mensuração e as dificuldades e os benefícios do mapeamento da pobreza, chamando a devida atenção ao fato que as dimensões e características da pobreza se manifestam de forma diferente quando o espaço é considerado. / There has been a lot of debate about the space distribution of the poor. The more disaggregated the map, the more perfect the evidence of poverty; aggregated national-level poverty data may obscure considerable regional variation and can bias public policies to fight poverty. Rio Grande do Sul State has its poverty (measured by the headcount index and by the human poverty index) distributed in a heterogeneous way throughout the 'gaucho' territory, what is corroborated by the presented maps of poverty displayed in this study. The hypotheses that there is a cluster of poverty and non-poverty in Rio Grande do Sul is confirmed when using the data supplied by IPEAdata for the year 2000. The confirmation was possible thanks to the use of spatial econometrics tools. To achieve this goal we presented the definitions of poverty and the most used ways to measure it and also the difficulties and the benefits of poverty mapping, giving proper attention to the fact that the dimensions and the characteristics of poverty occur in a different way when space is considered.

Tem-se falado demasiadamente sobre a distribuição espacial do pobre. Quanto mais desagregado o mapa, mais perfeita é a sua visualização, maior a evidência da heterogeneidade da pobreza e melhor o entendimento da maneira com que ela é formada e como pode ser combatida a partir de políticas públicas localmente específicas. O Rio Grande do Sul apresenta a pobreza distribuída de forma heterogênea por todo o território gaúcho (medida pela proporção de pobres - PP - e pelo índice de pobreza humana municipal - IPH-M), o que é corroborado a partir dos mapas de pobreza apresentados. A hipótese de que há aglomeração ('clusterização') da pobreza e não-pobreza no Rio Grande do Sul é confirmada para os dados fornecidos pelo IPEAdata para o ano 2000. Para tanto se buscou apresentar as definições de pobreza e as formas mais usadas para a sua mensuração e as dificuldades e os benefícios do mapeamento da pobreza, chamando a devida atenção ao fato que as dimensões e características da pobreza se manifestam de forma diferente quando o espaço é considerado. / There has been a lot of debate about the space distribution of the poor. The more disaggregated the map, the more perfect the evidence of poverty; aggregated national-level poverty data may obscure considerable regional variation and can bias public policies to fight poverty. Rio Grande do Sul State has its poverty (measured by the headcount index and by the human poverty index) distributed in a heterogeneous way throughout the 'gaucho' territory, what is corroborated by the presented maps of poverty displayed in this study. The hypotheses that there is a cluster of poverty and non-poverty in Rio Grande do Sul is confirmed when using the data supplied by IPEAdata for the year 2000. The confirmation was possible thanks to the use of spatial econometrics tools. To achieve this goal we presented the definitions of poverty and the most used ways to measure it and also the difficulties and the benefits of poverty mapping, giving proper attention to the fact that the dimensions and the characteristics of poverty occur in a different way when space is considered.

No abstract available. / Dissertation (MA (Theology))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Practical Theology / unrestricted

Thesis (LLM. (Development)) -- University of Limpopo, 2013 / The purpose of the investigation is to research the contribution of Fetakgomo Local Municipality in alleviating poverty through poverty alleviation projects. Poverty and inequality have reached unacceptable proportions and the most hit are people living in rural areas and as a results the gap between the rich and the poor continues to widen. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were used. Eighty respondents filled in the questionnaires. Interviews were conducted with Fetakgomo Local Municipality management and other relevant stakeholders. The research findings indicate that the communities around Fetakgomo Local Municipality specifically Nkwana, Nchabeleng, Strydkraal, Apel, Mohlaletse and Mashilabele are partly benefiting from Fetakgomo Local Municipality. The findings also show that Fetakgomo Local Municipality is partly contributing positively towards poverty alleviation within the municipality. The major findings of this research study are that poverty alleviation projects are partly effective in alleviating poverty, especially among needy families. The final results from the study show that most of the rural poverty alleviation projects are not sustainable. The main reasons leading to poor performance of rural poverty alleviation projects are lack of participation of key stakeholders, lack of financial management, inefficient management and lack of planning. The study recommends that committed stakeholders, individuals and poverty alleviation projects who take part in poverty alleviation projects should be considered for funding and training rather than providing state grants only to groups of people. Resources such as transport should be provided to poverty alleviation projects in local areas to access any type of market. All the local economic development projects should install palisade, surveillance systems and electric security fences around the projects to prevent theft. The study also recommends that a stipend of R1500.00 should be paid to each project member to encourage and attract those who are interested. The research study also recommends that there must be a continuous monitoring and evaluation of poverty alleviation projects on a regular basis by government officials.

No description available.

The main purpose of the study is to identify household characteristics which can 1) distinguish between the chronic poor and transient poor and 2) be feasibly implemented as targeting criterion in poverty interventions. Data for this study was drawn from Mozambique's 2008/09 Household Budget Survey and consisted of 10,832 observations. This study fills a gap in the literature by structurally determining the impact of common shocks (drought, floods and cyclones, agricultural pests, illness, death, and theft) on 1) food expenditures at the household level and 2) poverty rates at the national level. The results of the study indicate that shocks are one of the key determinants of household food expenditures. The expected impact of shocks in aggregate increases the national poverty rate by 9%. However, the impact of specific shocks on household food expenditures varies across regions and households. Further, the variables which are strongly correlated with chronic poverty differ from the variables strongly correlated with transient poverty. These results suggest the need to both more rapidly identify and enroll households exposed to shocks in short-term social protection programs and continue to improve methods targeting the chronic poor in long-term programs. / Master of Science