La recherche s’insère de façon réflexive et critique, dans le cadre théorique de l’analyse sociologique, législative, politique et institutionnelle de type comparatif, c’est-à-dire une reconstruction du cadre unitaire et organique de l’univers carcéral de deux pays européens qui sont très proche historiquement et culturellement : la France et l’Italie. C’est une représentation de la dimension carcérale quotidienne des détenus, une réalité articulée et variable qui constitue un des thèmes les plus controversés dans les débats politiques et sociaux actuels au niveau européen. Un travail de recherche focalisé sur cinq thématiques principales : la santé, l’école et l’éducation, le travail, le relations avec la famille, le rôle du volontariat. Ce travail se propose d’enquêter la réalité, les processus et les perspectives, les modèles cohérents et incohérents de réhabilitation au-delà des stéréotypes les plus diffus et bien établis. Dans le fond, la thèse consiste à définir et comprendre comment un individu peut socialiser par le moyen de parcours, de rencontres et d’expériences significatives dans un endroit clos, techniquement désocialisé, dégradé et extrêmement envahissant telle la prison. C’est-à-dire comment la prison, dispositif étatique autoritaire et dogmatique éloigné de la société, puisse constituer un organe de socialisation positive qui permette au prisonnier de surpasser la dépersonnalisation au travers de motivants et dynamiques constructives, développant une nouvelle prise de conscience, une morale intégrée et une comparaison enrichissante avec des modèles externes; le tout lui permettant d’interrompre son parcours de délinquant et d’assumer un nouveau style de vie. / The theoretical context of this work is the comparative analysis of the sociological, legislative, political and institutional aspects of the prison universe in two European countries which are very close, historically and culturally, France and Italy. The aim is to provide a representation of the everyday dimension of the prison, an articulated and variable reality that is one of the most controversial themes in the current political and social debate in Europe. The research work focuses on five main themes: health, school and education, work, relationship with the family, the role of volunteering. This work aims at investigating the reality, the processes and the perspectives, the coherent and incoherent models of rehabilitation beyond the most diffuse and well-established stereotypes. Essentially, the thesis consists in defining and understanding how an individual can socialize through meaningful paths, encounters and experiences in a closed, technically de-socialized, degraded and extremely invasive place such as prison. That is to say, how prison, an authoritarian and dogmatic state facility far removed from society, can constitute a positive means of socialization that allows the prisoner to overcome depersonalization through motivating and constructive dynamics, developing a new awareness, a moral integrity and a rewarding comparison with external models. All this allows him to interrupt his career as a delinquent and assume a new lifestyle.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the cooperation between two parts of the Swedish prison and probation service, the prison and the probation office. More specifically its aim was to find the attitudes and the different work models surrounding this cooperation. To find my result I had interviews with six probation officers in two probation offices in south of Sweden. My questions were general and I choose follow-up questions during the interviews. The analysis was based on a cooperation theory. The conclusions of the study were that there are work models that have been brought in by the head office of the organization, that does not work properly and they are not popular by the staff. This keeps the probation officers from having a good cooperation with the staff from the prisons. The probation officers also have some attitudes toward the prison staff that keeps them from having a good cooperation. These attitudes are clearly shown during the prison and probation service’s staff education and somewhat continues to show up during the probation officers every day work. These problems can be explained through the cooperation theory as a lack of perquisite for a good cooperation.

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Le milieu carcéral enferme le détenu dans une sensorialité particulière. La proximité permanente des murs, l’odeur carcérale, les fouilles comme toucher quotidien, le brouhaha permanent et les saveurs invariables s’imposent chaque jour aux personnes incarcérées. Les sens en sont perturbés et doivent s’adapter. Les conséquences psychologiques, physiques et financières sont alors non négligeables. Le corps-sujet du détenu ayant disparu, le corps-objet tente tant bien que mal de trouver des stratégies pour lutter contre ces sous-stimulations ou stimulations répétitives. Les détenus pourraient rêver de leur sortie, mais celle-ci est bien moins idéale que celle imaginée. Mais qu’en pensent les soignants de la prison ? Ne peuvent-ils pas faire quelque chose pour les détenus ? Sont-ils au moins conscients de ces troubles ? C’est à ces questions que nous tenterons de répondre dans ce mémoire, grâce à des entretiens semi-directifs menés auprès de psychiatres, médecins généralistes et infirmières pratiquant dans ce milieu.

Four adult attachment styles that have been extensively reported in the literature have been labeled secure, dismissing, preoccupied, and fearful. Unfortunately, there are no existing published studies that measure attachment styles of incarcerated women. This study used responses from 158 women incarcerated at a federal prison on the Relationship Questionnaire, Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III), and Record of Maltreatment Experiences to examine several facets of the association of attachment styles with childhood abuse and scales on the MCMI-III. The inmates who survived abuse endorsed the fearful and preoccupied attachment styles more, and the secure style less, than did the women who did not acknowledge a history of abuse. There was no statistically significant finding among attachment styles based on physical or sexual abuse. Inmates who were abused by a family member were more likely to endorse the fearful attachment style. The depressive, sadistic, and dependent MCMI-III scales were determined to be more highly associated with fearful or preoccupied attachment styles than with dismissing or secure styles. Finally, the inmates endorsed the anxious/ambivalent (fearful and preoccupied) attachment style more, and the secure style less, than non-incarcerated individuals as reported in the literature.

The purpose of this study was to determine if there was a difference in the resources and library services in men's and women's state prison facility libraries, and to determine to what extent the librarians who administer services to inmates in prisons believe the resources available are adequate in giving library service to the inmates. A questionnaire was sent to the librarians in charge of the library in all women's institutions in the United States and to a random sample of men's institutions. A total of seventy-three questionnaires were completed and returned; thirty-nine from male institutions, twenty-three from female institutions, and eleven from co-ed institutions. The data from the questionnaires were tabulateds-using the Statistical Package of the Social Sciences (SPSS-PC). Major comparisons between the male and female institutions included: 1) the size of the institutions with the size of the library collection, 2) the size of the institutions with the resources available to inmates, and 3) the comparison of resources and services between the men's and women's institutions. Based on the results of the study, the following conclusions were reached: 1) men's institutions had much larger inmate populations than women's institutions, 2) men's institutions had only slightly more books and journals than women's institutions, and 3) because there were fewer females per institution, females had many more resources available per inmate than men. A second analysis was performed to compare male and female institutions within categories of similar size to determine whether or not the differences in the materials and services which were found to be outstanding or significantly different in the first analysis would remain valid. Data from both analyses indicated that women's institutions, in most cases, had more resources and services available than men's institutions regardless of the size of the institution. The majority of librarians in both men's and women's institutions believed they were able to support their goals and objectives, and most were satisfied with the services they were able to provide. A review of the literature indicated that similar problems have existed in prisons from the early 1800's to the present. Those problems, still recurrent, are theft, insufficient funding, overcrowding, and lack of administrative support for prison libraries. / Graduation date: 1991

The purpose of this research study was to address the gap in the research literature that existed concerning the absence of qualitative data addressing relapse and recidivism in Texas. Numerous quantitative studies dealt with these issues. However, gaps in the literature existed because accounts and opinions of specific participants regarding these conclusions were absent. Consequently, we lacked specific direction. The perspective of the individual, the insider, was missing. This study helped determine the meaning of "making it" for the parolee/addict attempting to assimilate into the general population and avoid relapse and recidivism. To achieve the research objectives, an ethnographic interview methodology was utilized. The population engaged in the study included male parolees who live in Harris County Texas. All men gained parole between 1992 and 1994, hold positions as professionals in substance abuse counseling, and reported ten years or more of drug free and crime free living. The literature review established the documented need and importance for a qualitative study. The literature defined recidivism according to Texas state officials. The literature considered achievement of parolees who attended the Windham School District. The final section of literature considered the development and operation of the In Prison Therapeutic Community (IPTC) program. The findings from the interviews determined that "making it" consisted of working the twelve-step program of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), meeting with parole officers, dealing with risky behaviors, and remaining committed to a drug free and crime free life. Study participants expressed that state record keeping appeared inaccurate and presented a false picture regarding the actual number of drug related arrests and the actual long-term recidivism rate. The participants noted that the Windham School District exhibited a major influence in making a conscious decision to turn toward positive outcomes. It was recommended that the role of the Windham School District be expanded due to the record of achievement. Other recommendations included the establishment of a longitudinal study of Texas parolees to exceed five years in duration to check long-term recidivism rates and an ethnographic study that focused on the members of the Winner's Circle.

Four adult attachment styles that have been extensively reported in the literature have been labeled secure, dismissing, preoccupied, and fearful. Unfortunately, there are no existing published studies that measure attachment styles of incarcerated women. This study used responses from 158 women incarcerated at a federal prison on the Relationship Questionnaire, Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III), and Record of Maltreatment Experiences to examine several facets of the association of attachment styles with childhood abuse and scales on the MCMI-III. The inmates who survived abuse endorsed the fearful and preoccupied attachment styles more, and the secure style less, than did the women who did not acknowledge a history of abuse. There was no statistically significant finding among attachment styles based on physical or sexual abuse. Inmates who were abused by a family member were more likely to endorse the fearful attachment style. The depressive, sadistic, and dependent MCMI-III scales were determined to be more highly associated with fearful or preoccupied attachment styles than with dismissing or secure styles. Finally, the inmates endorsed the anxious/ambivalent (fearful and preoccupied) attachment style more, and the secure style less, than non-incarcerated individuals as reported in the literature.