In the modern competitive business environment, government institutions need to embrace information communications technology to remain competitive. Procurement has been recognized as a priority government agenda by many public sector agencies worldwide. In the same line the Government of Rwanda has taken several initiatives to streamline its public procurement system to bring it into line with the fundamental principles of transparency, competition, economy, efficiency, fairness, and accountability. Seminega the director of Rwanda public procurement authority stated that e-procurement can help the Government of Rwanda to reach to the above-mentioned principles .E-procurement can be described as an electronic way of procuring goods and services as well as other procurement process activities with the help of internet and other information and communication technologies systems. Before the adoption of e-procurement in some institutions in Rwanda, all the procurement activities were done traditionally in their institutions and this procurement method has been criticized for having many deficits, that contributed to huge losses in public funds and lacks transparency, accountability, and fair competition. In this regard, the government of Rwanda decided to adopt an e-procurement system in its public institutions. the e-procurement system was launched in August 2016. The pilot stage started with eight public institutions, ministry of finance and economic planning is one of them and it is a case study used in this thesis research. it has been selected by the researcher because it is a cross-cutting ministry in the procurement process. Different forms of e-procurement have been discussed as well as benefits and challenges associated with the adoption of e-procurement. the purpose of this research study is to examine how the e-procurement system is used and explore the benefits and challenges associated with its adoption in Rwanda’s public institution. Qualitative research was chosen, and a case study was conducted in the ministry of finance and Economic planning. The source of data for the empirical is from personal interviews and second data. The findings of the present study demonstrate that the adoption of the e-procurement system brought several benefits to MINECOFIN but also it presents challenges associated with the adoption of e-procurement

Masters in Public Administration - MPA / Small enterprises (SMME) have become central to South Africa's efforts to create jobs, alleviate poverty and develop the economy. SMMEs, however, face a wide range of problems, with "market access" one of the key bottlenecks. This centres (i.a.) around the ease of access to outsourcing markets of larger corporations and public-sector procurement opportunities. To address some of these specific challenges in the Western Cape, the Business Opportunity Network (Bon) was established in 1995 as an NOO. It was at that stage a path-breaking institution in the Western Cape, paralleled by only a few in the rest of the country. It is the purpose of this minithesis to assess the role, operation and evolution of the Bon. This study examines the background and particular factors that lead to the establishment of the Bon as a business-linkage organisation. Then critically assess the actual process of how the Bon attempted to facilitate SMME access to corporate and public-sector procurement in the Western Cape's metropolitan and platteland areas from 1994 to 2004. Thereafter moving toward the evaluation of the process, an assessment of the effectiveness of Bon's business-linkage efforts in the light of a continuously changing and evolving procurement environment. It is also the intention to reveal and assess how Bon's procurement support relates to BEE efforts unfolding in the Western Cape

This master thesis is focusing on SAP implementation within purchase department. In thesis will be compared currently used ERP system Helios Orange and newly proposed SAP. As next will be described implementation project step by step. Also will be mentioned problems which can occur during implementation and can have direct impact on purchase department. In last chapter will described material cut-off of both systems with as minimal impact as possible on continuous production process.

This graduation theses focususes on improvement of logistician acquisition in company, which operates in machine industry. The theses solves this problem with application of internal audits and by use of system which valuates reliability of individual suppliers.

Most South Africans die without their organs being harvested for transplantation. In a country where motor vehicle accidents or violent crime are often the cause of death, presumably leaving most of the organs fit for transplantation, it is astounding that the offer of organs doesn’t meet the demand. The aim of this dissertation is to find a practical solution for the current shortage of transplantable human organs in South Africa. This is achieved by critically discussing current South African legislation regulating organ transplantation, considering alternative organ procurement methods, as well as the impact that bioethics and the Constitution might have on the success of an organ procurement system. This dissertation is concluded with the realisation that although the current organ procurement method needs to be changed to required request, relieving the organ shortage will only be achieved by combining several proposed legislative changes, including, but not limited to, creating a national donor as well as a national waiting list; launching an educational campaign; limiting the role of relatives; and expanding the definition of death for the purpose of organ harvesting. KEY TERMS: organ procurement methods; National Health Act; Constitution; organ shortage; bioethics; autonomy; dignity; required request. / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Public Law / unrestricted

The preferential procurement policy objective of granting SMMEs preference in the allocation of government contracts is to guarantee a level playing field by granting access to the market. Yet, it is unclear what the current position of SMMEs is in participating in preferential procurement. SMMEs face obstacles that arise from inadequate resources availability in participating in preferential procurement. The purpose of this research report is primarily to explore the perceptions of the owner/and manager of SMMEs regarding significant resources that are required to influence involvement and participation in preferential procurement. Furthermore, to also explore the impact of participation in preferential procurement on employment generation.This descriptive quantitative research looks at a sample of 100 SMMEs from Gauteng that have been involved in preferential procurement at least once within a period of three years to date of participation in this study.The self administered web-based questionnaire was used to investigate perception of SMMEs on significance of resources that influence involvement and participation in preferential procurement and how their participation impacted employment generation.The results of the study indicated that SMMEs perceive administrative and supply capacity resources as the most significant resources to participate successfully. It further provided evidence of positive impact participation has on SMMEs growth in relation to employment generation.In contrast, the findings suggest that information resource is the least significant resource required to participate in preferential procurement. Lastly the results suggested that micro enterprises place less significance on supply capacity resource. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

Great Zimbabwe was the centre of an ancient Shona state from AD1200- 1700. It is known for its magnificent architecture and involvement in long-distance (intercontinental) and local (inter-regional) trade. In this society, cattle were vitally important in social, economic and political spheres. However, the origins and herd management strategies of cattle from Great Zimbabwe have never been explored using empirical evidence, although researchers have proposed seasonal transhumance between upland and lowland regions. In this thesis, measurements of 87Sr/86Sr, δ 18O, δ13C and δ15N profiles in serial samples of tooth enamel and dentine from 27 archaeological cattle teeth enable investigation of several aspects of cattle procurement and management. Taken together, the isotope measurements show that cattle at Great Zimbabwe came from a broad geographical area. Some cattle were raised (for the first year of life) less than 40kms away from Great Zimbabwe, most were raised in the lowveld of the country between 40 and 120kms south of the site and some may have moved between the two areas. Cattle fed mainly on C4 grass throughout the period from AD1300 to 1600, although some also consumed limited amounts of browse. Heterogenous δ 13C profiles indicate that animals derived from different environments, and that calves were born at different times of year. This study emphasises the advantages of using multiple isotopes to extract maximum information from archaeological tissues. In combination with the distribution of material culture, particularly from sites coeval with Great Zimbabwe, this study contributes to our understanding of the flow of key resources within the Zimbabwe state, enhancing knowledge of relationships between sites and regions. This study emphasises how economically connected the landscape was during the thriving of the Zimbabwe state. It makes a significant contribution to our hitherto very limited knowledge of the flow of regional (as opposed to imported) commodities. Future work should target lesser studied Zimbabwe-type sites in southern Zimbabwe to further explore interactions and relationships between hinterland sites and their centres.

This dissertation studies how organized crime and corruption can penetrate the legal economy. In the first chapter I document the infiltration of organized crime in public procurement auctions in the aftermath of natural disasters. I focus on recent earthquakes that occurred in Italy between 2008 and 2016 and I utilize investigative data on participation in procurement auctions of firms associated with the mafia (in short, "mafia firms''). I show that criminal firms increase their participation in public procurement auctions in emergency-designated municipalities, particularly after relief status is declared over. Emergency status leads to a temporary increase in monitoring efforts, but a permanent positive shock to affected municipalities' reconstruction budgets, thus explaining the lagged effect. Using information on awarding procedures, I show that after the emergency the participation of mafia firms increases only in auctions with minimum discretion, suggesting it is not the result of collusion with local administrators. In Chapter 2, I investigate whether windfalls from natural resources increase corruption and how this varies across countries with different institutions. I utilize leaked information on the beneficiaries of secret offshore entities to construct a measure of malfeasance. I find that countries respond to a rise in the price of the commodities they export with increased incorporation of offshore entities in tax havens. However, such a relationship exists only for autocratic regimes. In Chapter 3, I develop a theoretical model to explain the role of political brokers in mediating clientelistic transactions between parties and voters. Brokers enjoy an informative advantage over parties: they observe the electorate's political preferences as well as their need for a private good (hospital beds) provided by the government. A party hires the broker to make a deal with the voters. The broker insures them against the risk of not receiving the private good when in need (sick) in exchange for their vote. The presence of the broker reduces aggregate welfare if parties focus on the electoral benefits coming from the provision of the private good and thus reduces the amount of public good (schools) below the optimal level. On the other hand welfare increases if private goods are delivered to citizens in need who would have not received them, had the broker not been present.

As companies find better ways of dealing with creating value and cost efficiencies in their Procurement areas, one key trend is the concept of Category-led Supply Management (CLSM). CLSM is a concept that takes a cross-functional team that leads a category of services and/or products towards developing sourcing strategies that comply with the corporate objectives through the logical grouping of similar expense items. Each group is driven to satisfy the unique sourcing, contract, payment, performance, and attributes of each spending category. In this process, CLSM creates a strong partnership with suppliers and an ongoing Supplier Relationship Management (SRM) that will satisfy business needs while maximizing the value delivered through the supply base. Considering that the Supplier is always one critical factor present from the start to the end of the ongoing Strategic Sourcing process, seeing the Supplier as a Lifecycle Management process can help companies recognize their suppliers as a prime source of value to the organization that plays a central row in the success of the Procurement Strategy.The following thesis will analyze, in a research method of a case study, a specific Category in a company and explore the relationship that existed between the supplier and the company to illustrate the importance of Strategic Sourcing and how it is implemented in practice by companies. The case study helped understand the importance of involving Supplier Relationships in a Strategic Sourcing process. Finally, the Case study enlightened how having a milestone-by-milestone methodology helped understand how a business operates and how procurement activity impacts upon them when capturing savings by managing a Category.

To meet the challenges created by the increasingly complex and fragmented state of today ’s construction industry, project actors need to adapt their way of working. The techniques of adapting to the changing industry are numerous and it can often be difficult to identify the appropriate method. More complex projects with many actors involve a lot of risk and partnering can be one way of managing such risks. According to literature, partnering reduces adversarial relations between project stakeholders, it increases collaboration, it spreads the risk between stakeholders and it encourages them to align their goals. With that said, the implementation of partnering has faced some difficulties. The reasons for these difficulties can be various, some of the explanations might be unclear definitions of the concept partnering, non-matching expectations and a reluctance of adapting to new ways of working. Recent studies have revealed that clients are not as satisfied with the outcome of partnering projects as might be expected. Because of this, the authors felt that a deeper knowledge about the effects of partnering was needed. In order for the partnering concept to mature and the industry to understand its implications, more research on specific partnering cases is needed. The research discovered three categories of practical implications for partnering. These categories contain cultural, collaborative and contractual aspects that cover both positive and negative effects in the projects. The cultural aspects that are affected by partnering are e.g. the division of responsibility and the atmosphere. The collaborative aspects that are affected are e.g. communication, involvement of stakeholders, transparency and problem solving. The contractual aspects that are affected are e.g. flexibility and risk management. The improved joint problem solving and innovation was perceived as beneficial for time, cost and quality while other factors such as work environment and environmental impact was believed to be less affected. In order to improve the project result with the help of partnering the researchers´ recommend to embrace the openness, encourage new work habits, remove predefined views, make use of the improved joint problem solving, develop a contractual framework for partnering and create incentives and bonuses that are S.M.A.R.T (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Timely).