博士(神学) / Doctor of Theology / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University

My dissertation analyzes the status of mixed offspring in the Hebrew Bible and Second Temple texts to understand the diverse ways children from intermarried couples were presented in pre-Mishnaic Jewish literature. Prior to the Mishnah (m. Qidd 3:12), there is no evidence of a monolithic ruling to regulate the status of mixed progeny. My goal, therefore, is to examine the different ways mixed offspring were treated, and to better understand whether they endured any social repercussions due to their mixed lineage. In turn, I explore the diverse ways Jewish identity was constructed in antiquity, and how matters like gender, lineage, and geography were used to establish social boundaries. Within contemporary scholarship, the study of mixed progeny in antiquity has been incidental to other research topics, including the expulsion narrative in Ezra 9–10, genealogical purity, and the matrilineal principle in Judaism. To date, no comprehensive approach has been undertaken to trace the status of mixed progeny in pre-Mishnaic Jewish literature. My dissertation seeks to fill this lacuna. Following a brief introduction in chapter 1, my subsequent chapters are divided into four time periods: the pre-Persian period (chapter 2); the Persian period (chapter 3); the Hellenistic period (chapter 4); and the early Roman period (chapter 5). Within each chapter, I analyze texts generally dated to those eras that include some information about mixed offspring. In my concluding chapter, I reveal three main factors that impacted the status of mixed progeny in antiquity: genealogy, residential location, and piety. I also provide a heuristic framework to categorize my findings of mixed offspring. While there were two main responses towards mixed progeny in antiquity (accepted or rejected), not every case fits nicely into these two classifications. Therefore, the treatment of mixed progeny must be understood on a spectrum to better appreciate the nuance within each text. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Une épidémie généralisée de VIH/sida est attestée en Éthiopie dès le début des années 1990. Répartie de façon très hétérogène d’une région à l’autre du pays, l’épidémie est restée essentiellement concentrée dans les villes où le taux de séroprévalence est à son maximum parmi les jeunes femmes adultes. Diverses formes de privation économique et sociale se produisent au sein de la population urbaine et plus particulièrement parmi les femmes, en lien avec une mobilité géographique interne à dominante féminine et une instabilité conjugale très marquée. Facteur aggravant ces formes de privation économique et sociale, le VIH/sida a été à l’origine d’une mobilisation de malades socialement défavorisés qui se sont rassemblés autour de leurs afflictions afin de faire face à leur condition par la recherche de différentes formes d’aides et d’un soutien psycho-social auprès de différentes organisations non- gouvernementales et humanitaires. Cette mobilisation s’est par la suite amplifiée se structurant autour des stratégies globales de lutte contre l’épidémie en même temps que celle-ci a conduit à un investissement sans précédents dans le système sociosanitaire éthiopien en termes de ressources économiques, humaines, techniques et biomédicales. Les politiques d’accès gratuit et généralisé aux ARV que l’Éthiopie a mises en place grâce au développement de partenariats avec des organisations d’aide multilatérale, des pays engagés dans la coopération bilatérale, et des instances globales de la santé, se sont de fait progressivement inscrites à différents titres dans le champ de la lutte contre la pauvreté. Elles ont plus particulièrement facilité la prise en charge globale de femmes séropositives au sein de la population considérée pauvre sur la base de leur condition médicale alors que le ciblage de cette population est imparfaitement atteint par les politiques de réduction de la pauvreté. En s’appuyant sur les données recueillies au cours d’enquêtes ethnographiques réalisées en Éthiopie entre 2007 et 2010, cette thèse se propose plus précisément d’étudier l’impact que les politiques d’accès aux soins ont eu sur la représentation sociale de la pauvreté féminine en Éthiopie tant par le développement de diverses formes de solidarité parmi des citoyens les plus marginalisés que par la facilitation de leur accès à diverses ressources matérielles et symboliques. Se constituant comme un observatoire privilégié du processus historique d’évolution de l’État éthiopien sous l’angle de ses pratiques dans une situation de forte extraversion, la lutte contre le VIH/sida se donne plus spécialement à voir comme l’espace de nouvelles expériences de citoyenneté de la part de femmes malades socialement marginalisées en lien avec diverses formes de mobilités sociales engendrées par leur participation en tant qu’actrices profanes au fonctionnement des dispositifs sociosanitaires dévolus à l’endiguement de cette épidémie. / A widespread HIV/AIDS epidemic was confirmed in Ethiopia at the beginning of the 1990s. The epidemic is distributed very unevenly between one region of the country and another, but is essentially concentrated in the towns where the HIV prevalence rate is at its highest level among young adult women. Various forms of economic and social deprivation are observed among urban population and more particularly among women consistent with a predominantly female internal geographic mobility and very significant levels of marital instability. HIV/AIDS was an aggravating factor in these forms of economic and social privation marginality, and gave rise to a mobilization of socially underprivileged sick people who grouped together around their afflictions in order to confront their condition by seeking different forms of aid and psychosocial support from the various non-governmental and humanitarian organisations. This mobilisation then expanded, and was structured around global strategies for facing the epidemic, and at the same time led to unprecedented levels of investment in the Ethiopian healthcare system in terms of economic, human, technical and biomedical resources. The strategies for widespread free access to ARVs that were implemented in Ethiopia thanks to the development of partnerships with multilateral aid organizations, the countries involved in bilateral cooperation and global health organisations gradually became involved in different ways in the struggle against poverty. More particularly, they facilitated the global care of HIV positive women from the population that was deemed to be poor based on their medical condition, whereas targeting of this population is only imperfectly obtained through policies to reduce poverty. By the use of data gathered during the ethnographic studies carried out in Ethiopia between 2007 and 2010, the precise aim of this thesis is to study the impact that policies of access to care have had on the social representation of female poverty in Ethiopia through the development of a variety of forms of solidarity among the most marginalised citizens and their access to various material and symbolic resources. As a privileged observatory of the historical process of development of the Ethiopian State from the perspective of its practices in a highly extraversive situation, the struggle against HIV/AIDS results in a space for new citizenship experiences on the part of socially-marginalized HIV-positive women, in relation to the various forms of social mobility engendered by their participation as lay actors in the functioning of the social and health care devices dedicated to containing this epidemic.

Dans la floraison d’écrits monastiques produits au IVe siècle, les Ascetica attribués à Basile de Césarée ont tenu une place particulière, qui est bien connue. Pourtant, la formation du corpus asceticum, le processus d’éditions multiples dont il a été l’objet, mais aussi les options doctrinales qu’il diffuse n’ont pas été éclaircis de façon satisfaisante. Sur la base d’éléments textuels jusqu’ici négligés, le présent travail se propose de réécrire l’histoire du texte et d’interroger la paternité basilienne de la collection. Il existe, en effet, depuis le Ve siècle au moins et jusqu’à l’époque moderne, un courant minoritaire qui doute de l’opportunité d’attribuer le « livre ascétique » au grand Basile et préfère lui donner pour auteur un autre évêque du IVe siècle, Eustathe de Sébaste, moins estimé de la tradition ecclésiastique. Si le doute sur la paternité basilienne des Ascetica est permis, alors il convient de réévaluer la place de Basile de Césarée dans l’histoire littéraire du mouvement monastique. C’est ce que nous nous proposons de faire dans cet ouvrage, en relisant de près des pièces littéraires qui, jusqu’à présent, n’étaient présentées que comme des « annexes » au dossier des Ascetica. / The Ascetica transmitted under the name of Basil of Caesarea have a special importance among the numerous monastic writings which emerged in the 4th century. If this point is very well-known, the gathering of the corpus asceticum, the multiple antique editions of the collection, and the doctrinal options which are found in this sum have not been really enlightened. On the basis of neglected textual and paleographic evidence, the present work aims at rewriting the history of the text and questioning the basilian paternity of the collection. From the 5th century to the Modern Times, some readers refused the attribution of the Ascetica to Basil the Great and preferred to ascribe them to another (but problematic) bishop of the 4th century: Eustathius of Sebasteia. If there are good reasons to reject the basilian paternity of the collection, it is necessary to reevaluate the role played by Basil of Caesarea in the literary history of the monastic movement. In the present volume, I try to re-read some literary texts which, until now, were just regarded as appendices to the dossier of the Ascetica.

The Thesis Based on the Example of the Hluboká nad Vltavou Manor, Adam Franz of Schwarzenberg´s Residential Strategy at the Beginning of the 18th Century deals with research of usage ways of the Hluboká nad Vltavou manor in the era of Adam Franz of Schwarzenberg. The core of the debate is the commentary on the three mansions demonstrably used by the aristocracy ? the Hluboká nad Vltavou castle, Ohrada hunting mansion, and Libníč spa complex. The study, built up on the analysis of correspodence, prime-source plan and accounting documents, has proved that the Hluboká nad Vltavou manor was the main Czech property of the family before inheriting Eggenberg´s property in 1719. Its importance, given among others by the geographical position, was emphasized by building of the Ohrada hunting mansion. This served, among others, as a storage of hunting tools that were demonstrably used in other South Bohemian manors as well. I consider extensive adjustments of the castle area as further evidence of the prominent status of the Hluboká nad Vltavou Castle; especially building of the votive chapel in the expanded Libníč spa that served to the inhabitants of all the concerned manors. After gaining Eggenber property, the centre of Schwarzenberg´s stays in South Bohemia moved to Český Krumlov; and the Hluboká mansion lost its priviliged status after Adam František of Schwarzenberg´s death.

La place des jeux vidéos dans la culture populaire n’est plus à démontrer. Consommés avidement par un public de plus en plus large, ils s’intéressent à une variété d’objets, notamment le passé. Parmi les discours de l’histoire profane, les jeux vidéos sont sans doute les plus neufs. Cela étant, ils intéressent de plus en plus éducateurs et didacticiens qui s’interrogent à propos de leurs effets sur les apprenants et de leur intégration dans le cadre des cours de sciences humaines et sociales. Or, les écrits disponibles sur les jeux vidéos historiques ne sont pas nombreux et ne nous renseignent que sur certains jeux (Assassin’s Creed, Sid Meier’s Civilization). De plus, ils occultent presque totalement la question de la représentation de l’agentivité historique, alors même que les jeux vidéos se démarquent d’autres représentations profanes de l’histoire en favorisant une interaction avec le récit historique présenté. Notre recherche tente donc d’amener un éclairage nouveau en proposant une typologie de la représentation de l’agentivité au sein des jeux vidéos historiques, dans une perspective didactique. Pour ce faire, nous avons élaboré une méthodologie exploratoire et qualitative qui utilise l’étude de cas multiples. Notre corpus est composé de cinq jeux, tirés de différents archétypes vidéoludiques : Assassin’s Creed : Black Flag, Battlefield 1, Company of Heroes, Medieval 2 : Total War et Papers Please. Nous avons enregistré près de 56 heures d’extraits vidéos, répartis inégalement entre les cas de notre étude. Les extraits ont été analysés dans le cadre d’une analyse de contenu thématique à codage mixte. Les résultats de notre recherche montrent entre autres que la représentation de l’agentivité est directement liée à la nature et à la catégorie dans laquelle s’inscrit le jeu et que les récits historiques mis en scène adoptent une vision traditionnelle de l’agentivité historique. De plus, les facteurs de changements historiques sont liés aux contraintes qu’imposent les jeux vidéos en tant qu’objets techniques. / The place of video games in popular culture is well established. Consumed by an increasingly large audience, they are interested in a variety of subjects, notably the past. Among the discourses of popular history, video games are arguably the newest. However, they are of increasing interest to educators and didacticians who wonder about their effects on pupils and their integration into humanities and social science courses. However, available research on historical video games are not numerous and only tell us about certain games (Assassin’s Creed, Sid Meier’s Civilization). In addition, they almost completely avoid the question of historical agency, even as video games set themselves apart from other popular representations of history by fostering interaction with the historical narrative they present. Our research therefore attempts to shed a new light on the matter by designing a typology of the representation of agency within historical video games, from a didactic perspective. To do this end, we have developed an exploratory and qualitative methodology that uses a multiple case study. Our corpus is made up of five games, drawn from different video game archetypes : Assassin’s Creed: Black Flag, Battlefield 1, Company of Heroes, Medieval 2: Total War and Papers Please. We recorded nearly 56 hours of video clips, unevenly distributed between the cases in our study. The excerpts were analyzed as part of a thematic mixed-coded content analysis. The results of our research show, among other things, that the representation of agency is directly linked to the nature and the type in which the game falls and that the historical narratives staged adopt a traditional view of historical agency. In addition, the factors of historical change are linked to the constraints imposed by video games as technical objects.

Archaeology of the fortified manor in the Czech lands To the beginnings of the medieval fortified residences The work is dedicated to the medieval fortified manor in the Czech lands with regard to the need to formulate new questions. He marginally considers the questions of actual and historical terminology and its semantic content. To explore the functions of the fortified manors the structure of the associated settlement is discussed. A substantial testimony is attributed to some of selected written sources pointing to the legal-historical or jurisdictional context of "private" fortified settlements/residences. A separate chapter is devoted to the analysis of several examples of archaeological research from the Czech lands and from western parts of Europe, which revealed situations classifiable to fortified manor, respectively castles, which was preceded by much less or not at all fortified settlements, while maintaining close spatial continuity. So the questions concerning the beginnings of that type settlements are pronounced. With this packet of problems the work deals applying a comparative analysis that leads to some reassessment of the importance of the Romanesque church with the western tower as a kind of reduction of the castle model known from contemporary (12th century) Western European regions...

For a long time, the human bones that were found outside the classical graves/grave context during the late Bronze Age were severely overlooked in research. It was first during the 1990’s that research took place and archaeologist like Anders Kaliff och Joanna Brück started studying this severely overlooked phenomena. This paper aims at analyzing and discussing why human bones were used outside the classical graves/grave context. As well as what the human bones were used for and how the human bones were treated. In this study the grave concept will be discussed to understand the late Bronze Age human’s definition of grave and burial rites more fully. The distinction between what is sacred and what is profane in the handling and using of the human bones in non-classical graves/grave contexts will also be overseen. The study in this paper is focused on the East part of central Sweden and will be analyzed and supplemented by both national and international archaeological sites of similar character. The primal sites for the study are Broby in Börje parish, Apalle in Övergran parish, Ryssgärdet in Tensta parish and Ringeby in Kvillinge parish. The study is set in the late Bronze Age in Sweden (1100–500 BC). This paper is meant as an analytical research where former research and archaeologist interpretations will be compared and work as a discussion with the writer’s own interpretations of the late Bronze Age human’s use of human bones. With the writer’s own interpretation and with the help of former research, the human bones found in non-classical graves/grave contexts have been assessed with both sacred and profane contexts. The result shows that the distinction between the sacred and the profane are better left outside the context of handling and using human bones.

Актуальность диссертационной работы определяется сформулированными целевыми установками и общей логикой исследования: от описания религиозного стиля к анализу текстотипов на основе категориально-текстовой концепции и выявлении специфических особенностей экспликации категории темы в мусульманской проповеди. Первая глава основной части диссертации носит общетеоретический характер, вторая посвящена анализу экспликации категории темы в текстах мусульманской проповеди. / Dissertational work is determined by the formulated objectives and the general logic of the study: from the description of the religious style to the analysis of textual types on the basis of the categorical-textual concept and the identification of specific features of explication of the topic category in Muslim preaching. The first chapter of the main part of the thesis is of a general theoretical nature, the second is devoted to the analysis of explication of the topic category in the texts of the Muslim sermon.

<p>This thesis seeks to interrogate how Elie Wiesel’s <em>Night</em> and A. M. Klein’s <em>The Second Scroll</em> illustrate the spiritual journeys of their protagonists and depict dehumanization of the Jewish people. Through their interactions with sacred bodies, as well as profane, religious and sacred objects, both novels map the spiritual quests of the protagonists, revealing very different conclusions. Using Virginia Greene’s “‘Accessories of Holiness’: Defining Jewish Sacred Objects” as an analytic framework, I explore how both novels transform sacred bodies into profane “objects” to illustrate various forms of anti-Semitic subjugation and de-personification. I then interrogate how <em>The Second Scroll</em> “textualizes” these objectified bodies, as well as how Klein’s novel turns Israeli society into a sacred text. This “textualization” offers a space to re-affirm God’s providence in a post-Holocaust imagination—an imagination that strongly differs from the rejection of God in <em>Night</em>. Through this exploration of spirituality and dehumanization, both texts humanize those who have been dehumanized in the camps and re-face the victims whose personhood was stripped from them, inviting them to dwell in both the novels and the readers’ memory.</p> / Master of English