Bakgrund: Vårdrelaterade infektioner är vanligt förekommande över hela världen.Det innebär en hög kostnad, ökat lidande och medför fler vårddygn för patienten.God handhygien är den viktigaste påverkbara faktorn för att minska vårdrelateradeinfektioner. Det är sjuksköterskans ansvar att säkerställa rutiner för en godhandhygien. Syfte: Syftet är att beskriva vårdpersonalens följsamhet till riktlinjer för handhygien. Metod: En litteraturstudie där datainsamlingen valdes att göra från 10 olikakvantitativa studier. Genom analysen gjordes en sammanställning av de resultat somsvarade på vårt syfte och frågeställningar. Resultat: Resultatet redovisas i tre stapeldiagram med tillhörande text. Förstarubriken är följsamhet till riktlinjer för handhygien medel %. De två andradiagrammen är följsamhet till riktlinjer för handhygien före och efter patientkontaktsamt sjuksköterskor och läkares följsamhet till riktlinjer för handhygien. Huvudfynden i litteraturstudien visade att följsamhet till handhygien varierar i allastudier och att det är statistiskt säkerställt att fler vårdpersonal utför handhygienefter patientkontakt än före samt att fler sjuksköterskor än läkare följde riktlinjer förhandhygien. Konklusion: Det finns brister i följsamhet till handhygien. Kunskapen omsmittspridning och handhygien mellan olika arbetsmoment i den patientnära vårdenär otillräcklig. Ytterligare forskning behövs och alla länder måste sträva efter sammamål.

Typical hospital setups comprise units such as clinics, inpatient wards, outpatient services, casualty services, operating theatres, laboratories, medical schools (for university hospitals) and out-reach medical camps. Healthcare professionals are required to support these different units hence the need to be constantly mobile in undertaking their duties. These duties require that they frequently consult colleagues, receive handover from previous duty staff or share information on previous work undertaken. Successful use and adoption of handheld devices such as PC tablets, PDAs and smartphones integrated to health information systems can minimize the physical mobility. Information sharing using M-health solutions in complex and diverse healthcare settings draw focus beyond the spatiality gains to the coordination of the teams, processes and shared artefacts in healthcare. CSCW research abounds with various concepts that can be useful in characterizing mobility and communication amongst collaborating health workers. Design for mobile health solutions, therefore, provides an opportunity to further ground theoretical frameworks from exemplary studies on health information systems. The overall objective of the study is to propose design suggestions that target successful information sharing in the deployment and use of M-health solutions. To achieve this objective, the thesis investigates and analyses factors influencing the use and adoption of M-health solutions. A qualitative literature review is used in the study to explore significant factors in the acceptance and use of health information systems. A questionnaire developed from these key factors is used to determine the perceptions of healthcare professionals on M-health solutions based on related literature and on a field study. Finally, the findings are discussed using concepts from CSCW literature namely, mobility, common information spaces, temporality and cognitive and coordinative artefacts. As a result, a conceptual model integrating constructs from the Technology acceptance model (TAM) and IS Success model was developed that can be useful in investigating perceptions in the use of M-health solutions. Design suggestions were proposed for the development of future M-health solutions that aim to achieve successful information sharing amongst healthcare professionals.

No description available.

<p>This study elucidates the feelings and the experiences by working with the complex of problems of self-injurious behaviour, of six professionals. The purpose with this study has been to examine the feelings and the experiences of the professionals, coming up when they meet and treat young girls with self-injurious behaviour. The empirical basis of this study is built on interviews of six female professionals, working in the County of Kalmar. The statements of the informants were analyzed out of Goffman’s Role Theory and the norm perspective on social behaviour. Through the interviews we saw that the professionals act out of the rolls that they are expected to. There are expectations from the colleagues, from the clients and from the community that every professional handles in an individual manner. The way they handle the problematic situations varies between persons and depends on the character of the circumstances. The result shows that the work of the professionals arouses many feelings. It varies what kind of feelings they experiences but they do feel fear, powerlessness, sadness, happiness and most of all frustration. They handle their feelings through tutorial, support from the co-workers and through reflection.</p>

No description available.

Bakgrund: Schizofreni kännetecknas av en förvrängd verklighetsuppfattning, och att man haft en psykos som varat längre än sex månader. Framträdande är ett desorienterat tänkande och röstahallucinationer, även om störningen huvudsakligen är kognitiv så yttrar den sig oftast på beteendemässiga och känslomässiga plan. Attityderna gentemot schizofrena har under de senare åren generellt förbättrats i det svenska samhället och inom sjukvården. Men ändå är negativa attityder fortfarande vanligt förekommande. En attityd är en uppfattning som man bildar sig gentemot ett visst fenomen, en persons medvetna eller omedvetna inställning till en person eller ting och kan vara positiv eller negativ. En bättre förståelse för vilka faktorer det är som påverkar attityder och hur de uppkommer kan bidra till att de negativa attityderna minskar, då vårdpersonalens attityder är färgade historiskt av att se patienten som en karaktär snarare än en individ. Syfte: Att beskriva syn på och aspekter av attityder gentemot patienter med schizofrenidiagnos. Metod: Elva kvantitativa artiklar analyserades för att se vilka faktorer som bidrar till utveckling av attityder, sökningen av artiklarna gjordes i ett flertal olika vårdvetenskapliga och medicinska databaser. Artiklarna bearbetades sedan för att få fram gemensamma huvudteman. Resultat: Attitydernas uppkomst och förekomst skiljer sig åt mellan vårdinrättningar och nationer, där etnisk och kulturell bakgrund, kön, utbildningsnivå hos personalen, arbetsplats samt arbetslivserfarenhet är faktorer som starkt påverkar attityderna, både på ett positivt och negativt sätt. Samt att vårdpersonalen upplever patienterna som farliga och opålitliga. Diskussion: Sjuksköterskans attityd gentemot patienter med diagnosen schizofreni är högst personlig och påverkas av olika sociodemografiska faktorer.  Detta diskuteras utifrån Travelbees Human-To-Human Relationship Model och omvårdnadsvetenskapens konsensusbegrepp miljö. / Background: Schizophrenia is characterized by a distorted perception of reality, where a person must have had a psychosis that lasted longer than six months. Dominant in the disorder is disoriented thinking and voice hallucinations, even if it´s primarily a cognitive disease and it manifests itself mostly on a behavioral and emotional level. Attitudes towards schizophrenics have in recent years generally improved in the Swedish society and in health care departments. Yet negative attitudes are still prevalent. An attitude is a perception that forms itself against a certain phenomenon, a person's intentional and unintentional feeling toward a person or thing, and it may be positive or negative. A better understanding of the factors that influence attitudes and how they occur may contribute to that the negative attitudes decrease. Objective: To describe the approach to and aspects of attitudes towards patients with a schizophrenia diagnosis. Method: Eleven quantitative articles were analyzed to see which factors contribute to the development of attitudes, the search of articles were made in a variety ofnursing science and medical databases. The articles were then processed to obtain common key themes. Results: Showed that the attitudes of the emergence and prevalence differ between health care institutions and between nations. Where ethnic and cultural background, gender, education levels, workplace and work experience of the staff are factors that strongly influences attitudes, both in a positive and negative way. Caregivers also perceive patients as dangerous and untrustworthy. Discussion: Nurse's attitude towards patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia is a highly personal and a person's individual attitude, which is influenced by various socio-demographic factors. This is discussed from Travelbees Human-To-Human Relationship Model and the nursing science consensus concept environment.

The study was developed after research with older women suffering urinary symptoms showed that many had tolerated social, psychological and hygiene effects on their lives for some time. There is evidence that some symptoms in later life may originate from pregnancy and childbirth. However, whist there is evidence that pelvic floor muscle exercises can be effective in the short term, there is a paucity of research on the reasons why women tolerate symptoms in the postnatal period rather than seek help. It was also unclear what significance the interactions with health professionals had in aiding or suppressing help-seeking. The aim of this qualitative study was to use grounded theory methodology to describe women’s experiences and knowledge of urinary symptoms in the postnatal period and the perceptions of health professionals. Fifteen women were interviewed in the postnatal period, and one woman was interviewed twice. From the interviews and observations of antenatal clinics and postnatal groups three categories emerged; messages women receive, seeking and understanding information and responding to the messages. Views and knowledge of health professionals were obtained through two focus groups of five. From the analysis of the findings the following five categories emerged; clarifying pathways of care, clarifying education, improving communication, understanding actions and serious issues. The core category arising from this; overcoming barriers to facilitate empowerment, revealed barriers that women and health professionals must overcome in order to approach the issue of urinary incontinence collaboratively. This study identified that there can be problems with communication at all levels between women and health professionals, resulting in poor communication regarding urinary symptoms and accessing treatment. Furthermore, superficial education regarding pelvic floor muscle exercises and dysfunction, both in the antenatal and postnatal periods, coupled with difficulties with disclosure on a sensitive subject could be disempowering for women and health professionals. In particular, women found the possibility of an examination so soon after delivery worrying. Normalisation was a negative but powerful influence on women, encouraged by friends and family. It is suggested that, by developing interventions that enable women and health professionals to overcome the barriers of communication and knowledge exchange, women could be empowered in relation to their physical health after childbirth to manage their urinary symptoms. Empowerment for women, therefore, with regard to postnatal urinary symptoms means being able to believe that looking after the pelvic floor is normal rather than accepting urinary symptoms after childbirth as inevitable.

People with learning disabilities constitute about 2% of the general population. Epilepsy is more prevalent among people with learning disabilities compared with the general population. Effective communication is central to the management of people with learning disabilities and epilepsy. It has both therapeutic and health promotion functions including psycho-social benefits to the individual and their carers. Carers play vital roles in supporting individuals who live in the community to manage their conditions and the need for effective communication between service users and health care professionals is crucially important. Effective communication may not only lead to improved quality of life but may reduce mortality through the promotion of better understanding of seizures and encouraging efficient use of medication. Despite this communication regarding community-based adults with mild learning disabilities has not been fully studied, in particular the service users‘ views and experiences regarding communication has been a neglected area. Yet, the service users‘ views may be the best source for the definition of effective communication. This study was triggered by the paucity of research that investigated service users‘ views and experiences regarding communication. Furthermore, numerous health policies have been formulated that emphasise the involvement of patients as consumers in the provision and delivery of health services. This study is purported to bridge this communication gap by offering service users a rare opportunity for them to express their views and experiences regarding communication to inform health policies and clinical practice. This study adopts a naturalistic qualitative approach and employs in-depth semi-structured interviews to solicit service users‘ and their carers‘ views and experiences regarding communication. The interviews also investigated service users‘ and carers‘ perspectives in regard to communication with health care professionals‘. Carer communication diaries were used to supplement the carers‘ interview data and also to endorse the credibility of the study findings. Six main findings emerged from this study that described service users‘ and carers‘ views and experiences regarding communication: communication needs and expectations; ‗engagement‘ as a predictor of effective communication; strategies of communication; facilitating factors of communication; methods of communication; barriers to communication. This study suggests that effective communication with people with learning disabilities and epilepsy requires a reflective model that incorporates self-assessment and awareness of the individual‘s communication needs and expectations. The model and recommendations that emerged from this study may be a useful resource for health and social care professionals.

Class of 2012 Abstract / Specific Aims: To identify and assess cultural competency courses for healthcare professionals that are available to pharmacy students. Methods: A literature review was performed to identify research articles discussing pharmacy courses in health care disparities. Additionally, a systematic review of all curricula for ACPE accredited schools of pharmacy was conducted and these syllabi were subsequently evaluated. Main Results: The search identified XXX articles focusing on specific health disparities curricula in schools of pharmacy and XXX syllabi about specific courses. Out of those articles and syllabi XXX were included in the analysis. Results are pending. Conclusions: Anticipated results will be utilized to design effective health disparities curricula at the University of Arizona College of Pharmacy.

This thesis explores the strong support for collaboration in schools’ while synthesizing literature already conducted on the subject. The primary objectives of this thesis is to discuss possible scenarios as to why educators are not collaborating, explore characteristics and implementations of collaboration with three specific groups including colleagues, stakeholders, and practicing professionals, and identify four key benefits of collaboration which include improved health, pedagogy, autonomy, and time. Evidence supports the idea that teachers who work in isolation can hinder growth within their profession. Additional evidence provides conclusive evidence that supports the benefits of collaboration by adding responsibilities to key contributors by holding them accountable for student learning.