The aim of this work is to implement a workplace that will simulate the network infrastructure of industrial automation protocols. In this work we focus on and perform analysis of industrial protocols ModBus, Profibus, Profinet, EtherCAT, CANopen. Furthermore, the network infrastructure with PLC with selected protocols will be operated. The output of the work will be a workplace that will be able to simulate real communication of two selected protocols between two and more devices. Another part of the work will be the simulation of three types of equipment occurring in an industrial environment.

Inom processindustrin får fältbussar en allt viktigare funktion. Moderna distribuerade styrsystem kopplas ihop med avancerade ändnoder såsom smarta ställverk och frekvensomriktare, som i många fall har egna inbyggda styrsystem. Detta ställer höga krav på säker och tillförlitlig datakommunikation inom en processindustri. Idag används till största del två sorters fältbussteknologier: Seriell kommunikation via RS-485 samt paketbaserad kommunikation baserad på IEEE 802.3, även mer känt som Ethernet. Seriella fältbussar dominerar marknaden än idag trots att det är en föråldrad teknologi jämfört med Ethernet. Anledningarna till detta är flera: Då seriella fältbussar har varit i drift inom processindustrin i över 25 år så är det beprövat och kompetensen att underhålla och felsöka systemet finns ofta ute på industrierna. Driftsäkerhet prioriteras högt och tröskeln att gå över till ett nytt system är hög. En annan anledning är att processerna som styrs generellt sett är långsamma, oftast räcker cykeltider på 1s, samt att datamängden som överförs är relativt liten, så den långsammare transmissionshastigheten i en seriell fältbuss har inte utgjort någon begränsning. Ethernetbaserade fältbussar besitter dock intressanta fördelar över seriella men har även begränsningar som måste beaktas. I början på denna uppsatsundersöks en processindustris generella krav på en fältbuss. Därefter studeras för- och nackdelar med ethernetbaserade fältbussar samt det undersöktes om ett av de protokoll som används för fältbusskommunikation över ethernet, Profinet IO, levt upp till de krav som ställts. En fördel som framkommit med ethernetbaserade fältbussar är att det går att upprätta väldigt robusta nätverk med de protokoll som finns att tillgå. En nackdel är svårbestämd fördröjningstid på grund av best effortprincipen i paketförmedlade nätverk. Profinet IO löser detta genom synkron dataöverföring direkt ut på länklagret.Avslutningsvis så genomfördes ett praktiskt upprättande av en ethernetbaserad fältbuss där ett styrsystem kommunicerar med en frekvensomriktare över ett redundant ringnätverk. / Fieldbuses plays an increasingly more important function in the process industry. Modern distributed control systems coupled with advanced end nodes such as "smart" substations and frequency converters which in many cases have their own internal control systems. This places high demands on secure and reliable data communication within a process industry. Today mainly two types of fieldbus technologies are used: Serial communication via RS-485 and packet based communication based on IEEE 802.3, also known as Ethernet. Serial field buses dominate the market today, even though it is an obsolete technology compared to Ethernet. There are several reasons for this: Serial field buses have been in operation in the process industries for over 25 years, it a proven technology and the skills to maintain and troubleshoot the system are often found out on the floor. Process industries prioritize reliability and the threshold to move to a new system is high. Another reason is that the processes that are controlled are generally slow, usually a cycle time of 1s is sufficient, and that the amount of data transferred is relatively small so the slower transmission rate in a serial field bus has not been a limitation. Ethernet-based field buses, however, possess interesting advantages over serial buses but also has limitations that must be considered. At the beginning of this paper the process industry's general requirements on a fieldbus is examined. Then the pros and cons of Ethernet-basedfield buses are studied. After that it was investigated if one of the protocols used for fieldbus communication over Ethernet, Profinet IO, lived up to the requirements. One advantage that emerged with Ethernet-based field buses is that very robust networks can be established with the protocols that are available. A disadvantage is that it’s difficult to determine the delay due to the best effort principlein packet switched networks. Profinet IO solves this by synchronous data transfer directly out the link layer. Lastly there’s a practical implementation of an Ethernet-based fieldbus, where a control system communicates with a frequency converter over a redundant ring network.

This report is a result of master thesis in network forensics at Halmstad University during spring term 2018. Industrial engineers are becoming aware of the importance of network security. In today's industrial system, attacks on industrial control system are becoming more commonplace. The availability of industrial specific search engine which can reveal system to anyone interested, has made it easier to target vulnerable systems. Years ago, the networks that are not connected to a public network were considered "Safe". Today these networks are inter-connected, and the challenge is how to make them secure. To protect industrial control systems, monitoring of the industrial network is required to find abnormal activities. There are many open source intrusion detection systems available we have chosen SNORT for our project work since SNORT is a powerful open source intrusion detection system and has many default sets of rules also communitybased rules can be implemented. SNORT has features such as real-time traffic analysis, logging packets and content searching ability. SNORT has limited capability in understanding the PROFINET protocol and the aim of our project is to modify SNORT application to read PROFINET packets so that it can be used in industrial networks running on PROFINET protocol and create rules for PROFINET by examining the data captured from the lab environment.

Este trabalho propõe o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia para o cálculo do volume de tráfego durante o período de inicialização de uma rede Profinet. O tráfego de dados é um dos indicadores de desempenho criados para garantir a qualidade dos protocolos baseados em Real Time Ethernet (RTE). Neste contexto, buscou-se na literatura uma forma de classificar o tráfego de acordo com a sua magnitude e mensurar seu efeito na comunicação. Dados provenientes de redes criadas em laboratório foram coletados e aplicados a uma Rede Neural Artificial visando generalizar o conhecimento adquirido. O uso dado a RNA foi de estimação da função de interesse. Os resultados obtidos após o processamento dos dados reais são considerados satisfatórios e condizentes às expectativas dessa dissertação, já que se buscou, por razões inerentes ao problema estudado, um erro relativo inferior 3%. Conclui-se que a metodologia apresentada é factível e aplicável ao meio industrial, podendo ser parte de uma ferramenta mais completa, como os analisadores de redes Profinet. / This paper suggests the development of a methodology to calculate the traffic volume during the starting period of a Profinet network. The data traffic is one of the development indicators created to guarantee the protocols quality based on Real Time Ethernet (RTE). In this context, a way of classifying the traffic according to its magnitude and of measuring its effect in the communication was searched in the literature. Data deriving from networks created in laboratory were collected and applied into an Artificial Neural Network aiming to generalize the acquired knowledge. The ANN was used to estimate the function of interest. The results obtained after the real data processing are considered satisfactory and suitable to the expectations of this dissertation where the relative error inferior to 3%, for reasons intrinsic to the studied problem, was searched. It is concluded that the methodology presented is feasible and applicable in the industrial field, where it can be part of a more complete tool, as the Profinet network analyzers.

Este trabalho propõe analisar o desempenho de redes de comunicação industrial em aplicações de acionamentos de motores elétricos trifásicos. Compara-se o desempenho da tecnologia Profibus DP em relação à Profinet. O desempenho é verificado a partir de especificações técnicas de ambos protocolos e experimentos práticos para coleta de dados e análise dos seguintes indicadores de desempenho: tempo de ciclo, jitter e ocupação de largura de banda. Adicionalmente, é verificado o desempenho de uma aplicação de controle de posição, utilizando estes protocolos na malha de controle, através do tempo de acomodação do sistema. Conclusões mostram que a rede Profibus DPV0 é a mais rápida quando possui menos dispositivos, porém o Profinet RT consegue manter baixos valores de tempo de ciclo mesmo com grande quantidade de dispositivos e possui maior determinismo na topologia em barramento. No que diz respeito ao controle de posição estudado, as tecnologias apresentam desempenho similar para tempo de acomodação do sistema, porém o Profinet IRT foi o mais determinístico. / This work proposes a performance analysis of industrial communication networks in applications of electric AC motor drives. It compares the performance of Profibus DP technology in relation to Profinet. Performance is verified from technical specifications of both protocols and practical experiments for data collection and analysis of the following performance indicators: cycle time, jitter and bandwidth occupation. Additionally, the performance of a motion control application is verified, by using these protocols in the loop control, through the settling time of the system. Conclusions show that Profibus DPV0 is faster when there is less devices in the network, but Profinet RT manages to maintain low values of cycle time even with large number of devices and has higher determinism when installed in line topology. Regarding the motion control application studied, the technologies have similar settling time for the system performance, but the Profinet IRT was more deterministic.

Este trabalho propõe analisar o desempenho de redes de comunicação industrial em aplicações de acionamentos de motores elétricos trifásicos. Compara-se o desempenho da tecnologia Profibus DP em relação à Profinet. O desempenho é verificado a partir de especificações técnicas de ambos protocolos e experimentos práticos para coleta de dados e análise dos seguintes indicadores de desempenho: tempo de ciclo, jitter e ocupação de largura de banda. Adicionalmente, é verificado o desempenho de uma aplicação de controle de posição, utilizando estes protocolos na malha de controle, através do tempo de acomodação do sistema. Conclusões mostram que a rede Profibus DPV0 é a mais rápida quando possui menos dispositivos, porém o Profinet RT consegue manter baixos valores de tempo de ciclo mesmo com grande quantidade de dispositivos e possui maior determinismo na topologia em barramento. No que diz respeito ao controle de posição estudado, as tecnologias apresentam desempenho similar para tempo de acomodação do sistema, porém o Profinet IRT foi o mais determinístico. / This work proposes a performance analysis of industrial communication networks in applications of electric AC motor drives. It compares the performance of Profibus DP technology in relation to Profinet. Performance is verified from technical specifications of both protocols and practical experiments for data collection and analysis of the following performance indicators: cycle time, jitter and bandwidth occupation. Additionally, the performance of a motion control application is verified, by using these protocols in the loop control, through the settling time of the system. Conclusions show that Profibus DPV0 is faster when there is less devices in the network, but Profinet RT manages to maintain low values of cycle time even with large number of devices and has higher determinism when installed in line topology. Regarding the motion control application studied, the technologies have similar settling time for the system performance, but the Profinet IRT was more deterministic.

Este trabalho propõe o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia para o cálculo do volume de tráfego durante o período de inicialização de uma rede Profinet. O tráfego de dados é um dos indicadores de desempenho criados para garantir a qualidade dos protocolos baseados em Real Time Ethernet (RTE). Neste contexto, buscou-se na literatura uma forma de classificar o tráfego de acordo com a sua magnitude e mensurar seu efeito na comunicação. Dados provenientes de redes criadas em laboratório foram coletados e aplicados a uma Rede Neural Artificial visando generalizar o conhecimento adquirido. O uso dado a RNA foi de estimação da função de interesse. Os resultados obtidos após o processamento dos dados reais são considerados satisfatórios e condizentes às expectativas dessa dissertação, já que se buscou, por razões inerentes ao problema estudado, um erro relativo inferior 3%. Conclui-se que a metodologia apresentada é factível e aplicável ao meio industrial, podendo ser parte de uma ferramenta mais completa, como os analisadores de redes Profinet. / This paper suggests the development of a methodology to calculate the traffic volume during the starting period of a Profinet network. The data traffic is one of the development indicators created to guarantee the protocols quality based on Real Time Ethernet (RTE). In this context, a way of classifying the traffic according to its magnitude and of measuring its effect in the communication was searched in the literature. Data deriving from networks created in laboratory were collected and applied into an Artificial Neural Network aiming to generalize the acquired knowledge. The ANN was used to estimate the function of interest. The results obtained after the real data processing are considered satisfactory and suitable to the expectations of this dissertation where the relative error inferior to 3%, for reasons intrinsic to the studied problem, was searched. It is concluded that the methodology presented is feasible and applicable in the industrial field, where it can be part of a more complete tool, as the Profinet network analyzers.

Denna rapport beskriver ett examensarbete som gjordes på företaget Motion Control i Västerås AB. Rapporten följer projektets utvecklingssteg och beskriver hur arbetet med att ta fram elektronik och inbyggd programvara för en kommunikationsmodul har framskridit. Kommunikationsmodulen ska fungera som en länk mellan en styrenhet och en I/O-enhet.   De inledande delarna av rapporten tar upp undersökningar på kommunikationsprotokollen PROFIBUS och PROFINET som är vanliga kommunikationsmetoder inom industrin. Undersökningarna låg till grund för vilket protokoll som skulle användas i modulen. PROFIBUS valdes och en sådan modul togs fram utifrån de krav som ställdes. Vidare beskriver rapporten hur hårdvara samt den inbyggda programvaran har utvecklats. Vid testerna av modulen verifierades om alla krav och önskemål var uppfyllda.   Projektet som helhet var lyckat och efter några mindre hårdvaruförändringar skulle modulen kunna användas i produkter som företaget säljer där PROFIBUS-kommunikation önskas. / This report describes a master thesis which was done at the company Motion Control i Västerås AB. The report follows the project development stages and describes how the process of developing electronics and embedded software for a communication module has progressed. The purpose of the communication module is to serve as a link between a controller and an I/O device.   The initial parts of the report consist of studies about the communication protocols PROFIBUS and PROFINET which are standard communication methods in the industry. The studies formed the basis for which protocol to be used in the module. PROFIBUS was chosen and a module was designed based on the determined requirements. Furthermore, the report describes how the hardware and firmware have been developed. The module was tested to verify that all requirements were met.   Overall the project was successful and after some minor hardware changes the module could be used in products where PROFIBUS communication is desired.

Framväxten av antalet smarta enheter som är integrerade med Internet har lett till att behovet av Internet-of-Things ökar i olika tillämpningar, nämligen inom industrier fabrikstillverkning. Projektets huvudsakliga syfte är att implementera ett styrsystem med hjälp av Industrial Ethernet och användningen av Profinet protokoll som användargränssnitt. Denna studies huvudsakliga uppgift är undersöka prestandan av detta system och vilken skalbarhet man kan få ut ur den, dessutom utföra olika typer av tester för att mäta responstiden hos detta system med hjälp av real-time system. Studien lyfter upp IIoT funktionalitet, dess featureprogram och möjligheten att den implementeras på bred tillgänglig hårdvara. Det slutliga resultatet av tidmätningarna kunde i genomsnitt visa hur lång tid det tar för en signal att skickas inom ett Profinet-Nätverk. Mer speciellt, så tar en signal i genomsnitt 0,97ms. , vilket är relevant kort tid i förhållande till projektanpassningar inom industrier. Den beräknade standardavvikelsen visar på de erhållna värdenas noggrannhet, då den visade hur utspridda värdena är och hur mycket håller de sig till de beräknade medelvärdena. Utförande av Stresstesten bidrog till att dra slutsatser om systemets prestanda. Då de olika medelvärdena visade hur antalet signaler skiljer sig i förhållande till Cykel-tidsändringen. Resultatet av denna test visade också maximala antalet paket/signaler som kan skickas inom en begränsad tid. Dessutom presenterade resultatet gränsvärdet av det minimala antalet signaler som kan skickas oavsett hur mycket Cykel-tiden ökas eller minskas. Mer specifikt, visade detta system att det kan skicka 3250 signal inom en begränsad tid (60 s) vid Cykel-tid (1), och det kan skicka minst 1500 signaler inom samma begränsade tid. Det slutliga resultatet förslog ett par framtida arbete, det första var att utföra ett Profinet-system med hjälp av trådlösa fältbussar, och jämföra det med denna studies resultat för mer pålitlig implementation. Den andra var utreda säkerhet och krypteringen av Industrial Ethernet, detta skulle ge oss en bild om hur säkert att adoptera denna teknik. / The growth of the number of smart devices that are integrated into the Internet has led to an increase in the need for Internet-of-Things in various applications, namely in industries and manufacturing plants. The main purpose of the project is to implement a control system using Industrial Ethernet with the use of Profinet protocol as a user interface. This study will mainly examine the performance of this system and what scalability can be obtained from it, in addition to, performing various types of tests to measure the response time of this system by using real-time systems. The study highlights IIoT functionality, its feature program and the possibility that it is implemented on readily available hardware. The final results of time measurements could show on average how long a signal takes to be sent within a Profinet Network. More specifically, a signal takes an average of 0.97ms. The calculated standard deviation indicates the accuracy of the values obtained, as it showed that they scattered to the calculated mean values. Performing the Stress Test helped to draw conclusions about the performance of the system. These calculated different averages showed how the number of signals differs in relation to the Cycle time change. The result of this test also showed the maximum number of packets / signals that can be sent within a limited time. In addition, the result presented the limit values of the minimum number of signals that can be sent regardless of how much the “Cycle Clock” is increased or decreased. More specifically, this system showed that it can send 3250 signals within a limited time 60 (s) at Cycle time 1, and it can send at least 1500 signals within the same limited time. The final result suggested a couple of future work, the first was to perform a Profinet system by using wireless fieldbuses and compare it with the results of this study for more reliable implementation. The second was to investigate the security and encryption of Industrial Ethernet, this would give us an idea of how secure to adopt this technology.

Die wachsende Leistungsfähigkeit moderner Automatisierungssysteme hat einen prägenden Einfluss auf den geforderten Funktionsumfang sensorischer Feldgeräte. Diese müssen über moderne Kommunikationsstandards mit überlagerten Ebenen des Steuerungssystems kommunizieren. Im Kontext der Prozessindustrie ist das Industrial Ethernet Protokoll Process Field Network (PROFINET) mit dem PA-Profil auf Basis des Ethernet Advanced Physical Layer (APL) als bedeutsamer Standard zu nennen. Im Rahmen der angewandten Forschung und Entwicklung im Bereich der Prozessindustrie entwickeln die Technische Hochschule Aschaffenburg und der Feldgerätehersteller WIKA Alexander Wiegand SE & Co. KG (WIKA) gemeinsam einen Demonstrator eines zukunftsfähigen Feldgerätes, das PROFINET über APL unterstützt. Der Hauptfokus in diesem Projekt liegt darauf, das PA-Profil 4.0 auf dem Demonstrator zu implementieren. Das PA-Profil definiert über die PROFINET-Funktionalität hinaus generisch die Grundfunktionalität und das Verhalten von Geräten im Feld der Prozessindustrie wie beispielsweise Anwendungs-, Diagnose-, Wartungs- und Engineeringparameter für verschiedene definierte Einsatzgebiete. Bei der Entwicklung des Demonstrators steht insbesondere eine zukunftsfähige Systemarchitektur im Vordergrund. Die technische Grundlage ist dabei ein APLEvaluationsboard inkl. eines Mikrocontrollers sowie ein bestehendes Sensormodul der Firma WIKA. Dieser Beitrag stellt den Stand der Technik des Einsatzes von Industrial Ethernet im Kontext der Prozessindustrie mit Fokus auf PROFINET over APL dar und erläutert die konkrete Umsetzung am Beispiel eines Demonstrators. Die praktische Anwendung verdeutlicht die Zukunftsfähigkeit und den Mehrwert der vorgestellten Technologie für Feldgeräte der Prozessindustrie. Im Ausblick wird auf das Konzept der offenen Systemarchitektur der Interessengemeinschaft Automatisierungstechnik der Prozessindustrie e.V. (NAMUR) verwiesen.