A prestação privada de serviços públicos constitui atividade essencial do Estado contemporâneo. O objeto deste trabalho é o exame das formas de prestação privada de serviços públicos no Brasil. De início, analisa como pressuposto para o desenvolvimento do tema central a atividade administrativa estatal prestada nos três níveis da Federação (União, Estados, Distrito Federal e Municípios), na qual se insere a atividade administrativa material de prestação de serviço público. A seguir, analisa a evolução e as motivações da passagem da execução do serviço público, de início apenas feita pelo próprio Poder Público, para os particulares. O exame dos fundamentos constitucionais do serviço público, plantados na Constituição de 1988, aplicáveis aos três níveis de poder federativo e o estudo das formas de delegação de serviço público aos particulares previstas nos artigos 175, 223 e nos incisos XI e XII do artigo 21 da Constituição Federal completam a análise. O tema central do estudo é tratado em seguida, que cuida especificamente das formas de serviço público que permitem sua prestação por particulares e que são admitidas no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Demonstrado que a delegação de serviços públicos para a iniciativa privada, consoante determina a Constituição de 1988, se realiza sob três formas, a concessão, a permissão e a autorização, o trabalho se debruça inicialmente no exame da concessão de serviços públicos rotulada de tradicional. Por se tratar da primeira das fórmulas de execução privada de serviços públicos, detém-se o texto no estudo dos vários aspectos que envolvem essa modalidade de prestação de serviços públicos, aspectos que vão servir de parâmetro para a análise das demais espécies de delegação de serviços públicos aos particulares. Assim, após um breve histórico dos antecedentes da concessão de serviços públicos, examina, além de outros pontos, o significado da expressão e sua natureza jurídica, a exigibilidade de licitação e as formas de extinção da relação decorrente da concessão. As características da concessão são desenvolvidas sob a ótica tríplice do que se denomina de \"participantes\" ou \"atores\" na relação de concessão: a Administração Pública, o concessionário e o usuário e, a partir delas, busca extrair uma conceituação da concessão de serviços públicos adequada aos objetivos do trabalho. Nesse tópico, ponto relevante do tema é o que diz respeito ao exame das espécies de concessão admitidas pela doutrina e pelo ordenamento jurídico brasileiro: a concessão patrocinada, ou as parcerias público-privadas e a concessão administrativa, os consórcios público-privados e a franquia. As outras modalidades constitucionais de delegação de serviços públicos, a permissão e a autorização, constituem tema de estudo dos tópicos seguintes. Considera na análise dessas modalidades, particularmente no que diz respeito à autorização, a problemática apontada pela doutrina contemporânea quanto à sua inserção, dentre as formas de delegação de serviços públicos e a sua efetiva aplicabilidade na estrutura administrativa dos três níveis da Federação brasileira. / Providing public services is an essential duty of the modern state. The purpose of this study is to analyse the manners in which the private sector in Brazil provide public services. First it analyses as a precondition to develop the central theme, the state\'s administrative activities throughout Brazil\'s three constitutional levels (the union, states, federal district and the cities) in which the public services are provided. Then it analyses how public services have developed since they were first offered by the State, to their transformation in being offered by the private sector. There then follows a study of artides 175, 223 and 21(XI) and (XII) of Brazil\'s Constitution of 1988, which provide the grounds for the offering of public services throughout the levels of the federation. It closes with a study of how public services are delegated to the private sector. After it analyses the central theme of this study; the different types of public services that Brazilian law states may be delegated to the private sector. The study explains that under the 1988 Constitution, public services may be delegated to the private sector using three different forms: concessions; permissions, and authorisations. The text first examines the traditional method of delegating public service: the granting of concessions. The study then analyses the different forms of concession, which will act as a parameter for the other types of delegation. After a brief history of public service concessions, the study examines the legal meaning of \"concession\" under Brazilian law, the need for a public tender and how concessions are terminated. The characteristics of the concession are developed using three perspectives from what are called \"participants\" or \"actors\" in the concession relationship: the government, the concessionaire and the user of the services. The study then attempts to define a concept of a public services concession that ties in with the purposes of this study. In this context, the study then considers legal scholarship and the Brazilian legal system: sponsored concessions, or the public-private partnership (PPPs) the administrative concessions, the public-private joint venture and franchises. The study progresses to an analysis of the other types of delegated public services - the permissions and authorisations. In analysing these types of delegation - and especially the authorisation - the problem arising from modern legal scholarship is considered in the context of its relation with the other types of delegations of public services, and how it actually applies throughout the three constitutional levels.

A prestação privada de serviços públicos constitui atividade essencial do Estado contemporâneo. O objeto deste trabalho é o exame das formas de prestação privada de serviços públicos no Brasil. De início, analisa como pressuposto para o desenvolvimento do tema central a atividade administrativa estatal prestada nos três níveis da Federação (União, Estados, Distrito Federal e Municípios), na qual se insere a atividade administrativa material de prestação de serviço público. A seguir, analisa a evolução e as motivações da passagem da execução do serviço público, de início apenas feita pelo próprio Poder Público, para os particulares. O exame dos fundamentos constitucionais do serviço público, plantados na Constituição de 1988, aplicáveis aos três níveis de poder federativo e o estudo das formas de delegação de serviço público aos particulares previstas nos artigos 175, 223 e nos incisos XI e XII do artigo 21 da Constituição Federal completam a análise. O tema central do estudo é tratado em seguida, que cuida especificamente das formas de serviço público que permitem sua prestação por particulares e que são admitidas no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Demonstrado que a delegação de serviços públicos para a iniciativa privada, consoante determina a Constituição de 1988, se realiza sob três formas, a concessão, a permissão e a autorização, o trabalho se debruça inicialmente no exame da concessão de serviços públicos rotulada de tradicional. Por se tratar da primeira das fórmulas de execução privada de serviços públicos, detém-se o texto no estudo dos vários aspectos que envolvem essa modalidade de prestação de serviços públicos, aspectos que vão servir de parâmetro para a análise das demais espécies de delegação de serviços públicos aos particulares. Assim, após um breve histórico dos antecedentes da concessão de serviços públicos, examina, além de outros pontos, o significado da expressão e sua natureza jurídica, a exigibilidade de licitação e as formas de extinção da relação decorrente da concessão. As características da concessão são desenvolvidas sob a ótica tríplice do que se denomina de \"participantes\" ou \"atores\" na relação de concessão: a Administração Pública, o concessionário e o usuário e, a partir delas, busca extrair uma conceituação da concessão de serviços públicos adequada aos objetivos do trabalho. Nesse tópico, ponto relevante do tema é o que diz respeito ao exame das espécies de concessão admitidas pela doutrina e pelo ordenamento jurídico brasileiro: a concessão patrocinada, ou as parcerias público-privadas e a concessão administrativa, os consórcios público-privados e a franquia. As outras modalidades constitucionais de delegação de serviços públicos, a permissão e a autorização, constituem tema de estudo dos tópicos seguintes. Considera na análise dessas modalidades, particularmente no que diz respeito à autorização, a problemática apontada pela doutrina contemporânea quanto à sua inserção, dentre as formas de delegação de serviços públicos e a sua efetiva aplicabilidade na estrutura administrativa dos três níveis da Federação brasileira. / Providing public services is an essential duty of the modern state. The purpose of this study is to analyse the manners in which the private sector in Brazil provide public services. First it analyses as a precondition to develop the central theme, the state\'s administrative activities throughout Brazil\'s three constitutional levels (the union, states, federal district and the cities) in which the public services are provided. Then it analyses how public services have developed since they were first offered by the State, to their transformation in being offered by the private sector. There then follows a study of artides 175, 223 and 21(XI) and (XII) of Brazil\'s Constitution of 1988, which provide the grounds for the offering of public services throughout the levels of the federation. It closes with a study of how public services are delegated to the private sector. After it analyses the central theme of this study; the different types of public services that Brazilian law states may be delegated to the private sector. The study explains that under the 1988 Constitution, public services may be delegated to the private sector using three different forms: concessions; permissions, and authorisations. The text first examines the traditional method of delegating public service: the granting of concessions. The study then analyses the different forms of concession, which will act as a parameter for the other types of delegation. After a brief history of public service concessions, the study examines the legal meaning of \"concession\" under Brazilian law, the need for a public tender and how concessions are terminated. The characteristics of the concession are developed using three perspectives from what are called \"participants\" or \"actors\" in the concession relationship: the government, the concessionaire and the user of the services. The study then attempts to define a concept of a public services concession that ties in with the purposes of this study. In this context, the study then considers legal scholarship and the Brazilian legal system: sponsored concessions, or the public-private partnership (PPPs) the administrative concessions, the public-private joint venture and franchises. The study progresses to an analysis of the other types of delegated public services - the permissions and authorisations. In analysing these types of delegation - and especially the authorisation - the problem arising from modern legal scholarship is considered in the context of its relation with the other types of delegations of public services, and how it actually applies throughout the three constitutional levels.

Presentation. Critical Librarianship & Pedagogy Symposium, February 25-26, 2016, The University of Arizona. / While critical practice involves challenging systems and structures, many librarians function in the “messy middle” - making choices in everyday practice which may both support and challenge privileged academic structures. This workshop will take participants through a series of questions based on privilege as a lens for reflection on our choices, limitations, and opportunities as librarians within academic systems. The aim of the workshop is to help identify points of friction or frustration in our practice, areas for closer examination or opportunities for change, and to provide a more intentional understanding of our values and how they relate to practice.

While people all over the world are vulnerable to natural disasters, the available data clearly demonstrate a great deal of cross-country variance in the impact of catastrophic events. For example, while Hurricane Mitch took an estimated 13,000 lives when it struck Honduras and Nicaragua, the stronger Hurricane Andrew took only 26 lives when it impacted the United States. What factors explain this difference? Thus far, disaster researchers have emphasized economic and social vulnerability as determinants of disaster impact; the conventional wisdom accepts that poor and underdeveloped countries are more vulnerable than wealthy, developed countries. I argue that the political institutions of a country also matter and then examine the relative importance of political vulnerability as a determinant of disaster impact. I present evidence from case studies and large-N statistical analysis that demonstrates that, like social and economic vulnerability, political vulnerability is an important determinant of the impact of a natural disaster.

This work deals with the current situation of cities, government and their problems with the number of population which still rises. The cities appeal maintenance high-quality of services, content of citizens, economic growth and competitive advantage. The goal of this work is to show how works the vision Smarter Cities, which helps with setting the right strategy for the city. This work is composed of two parts. The first part is describing the situation in the cities and the state of information technology in public service. Than, it introduces the tools for investors and cities which use the Smarter Cities principles. The second part is talking how to implement these tools and principles in a real city. I received the document Information strategy for years 2011-2011 and Communication strategy for the city of Plzen (Pilsen). Value Tree and Actionable Smarter Cities tools were used to analyze the above mentioned documents. The output of this work is the recommendation for the city of Plzen (Pilsen) - which applications to use in respect for the city's strategy and at the same time, how to continue with Smarter City implementation.

Le principe de continuité du service public fait partie de ces grands principes du droit administratif que l'on ne songe guère à reconsidérer. Son identité est établie, sa valeur juridique acquise. Toutefois, dans son rapport au droit de grève, l'étude de ses manifestations laisse rapidement entrevoir ses limites. En effet, s'il apparaît en théorie comme le pendant du droit de grève des agents, il n'est en réalité effectif que dans les cas particuliers où la grève est susceptible de porter atteinte à l'ordre public. Cette conception minimaliste est la conséquence du processus d'édification du principe. Perçu à l'origine comme un rempart au développement des conflits collectifs dans la fonction publique régalienne, sa finalité s'est rapidement confondue avec les nécessités de l'ordre public. Et bien que son assise se soit progressivement renforcée, qu'il se soit diffusé à la quasi-totalité des branches du droit administratif, il s'est toujours cantonné à ce fondement.Le principe de continuité du service public est ainsi figé dans une acception étroite, et son champ d'application demeure restreint. De fait, l'équilibre qui aurait dû procéder de la conciliation du droit de grève et du principe de continuité n'a jamais été atteint, malgré leur égale valeur constitutionnelle.L'analyse des caractéristiques du principe de continuité renseigne pourtant sur son aptitude à dépasser les limites qui lui ont été assignées. Il apparaît notamment que toutes ses virtualités n'ont pas été exploitées, le législateur n'ayant pas su en imposer une vision plus conforme à l'évolution contemporaine du service public et des rapports entre l'Administration et ses administrés. Pour y parvenir, la relation du service public avec l'usager doit être pleinement intégrée à l'objectif de conciliation du droit de grève et du principe de continuité. Enrichi de cette nouvelle dimension, le principe de continuité du service public est susceptible de fonder un nouveau régime de la grève dans les services publics, plus équilibré, qui induit aussi d'en adapter le champ d'application à l'importance des activités d'intérêt général considérées. / The principle of continuity of public service is one of those great principles of administrative law that we seldom think to reconsider. His identity is established, its acquired legal status. However, in its report to the right to strike, the study of its manifestations leaves quickly glimpse limitations. If it appears in theory like the opposite of right to strike, it is in actual fact only in special cases where the strike is likely to undermine public order. Frozen in the narrow sense, its scope remains limited . In fact, the balance that should have made the reconciliation of the right to strike and the principle of continuity was never reached , despite their equal constitutional value. Analysis of the characteristics of the principle of continuity information yet its ability to overcome the limitations that have been assigned. Particular, it appears that all his potential has not been exploited, the legislature has not been able to impose a more consistent vision of the contemporary evolution of public service and the relationship between the Administration and its citizens. To achieve this, the relationship of public service with the user must be fully integrated with the objective of reconciling the right to strike and the principle of continuity. Enriched with this new dimension, the principle of continuity of public service is likely to start a new strike system in public services, more balanced, which also leads to adapt the scope of the importance of activities public interest consideration.

This thesis develops our understanding of the roles and processes underlying the co-production of public services. The co-production concept encapsulates the joint contribution made by service users and service providers to the delivery of services, acknowledging the expertise, inputs and role of service users. There has been an expanding stream of literature within the public management field focusing on co-production, recently enhanced through combinatory insights drawn from the service management literature. The thesis builds on this perspective, and addresses a current gap in understanding regarding the processes and roles that underpin the concept of co-production. In particular the research questions consider: the factors that facilitate co-production; the features of co-production that are evident within everyday service interactions; how service users and employees interact within the processes of co-production; and how these impact upon the delivery of public services at an individual level. The research for the thesis is undertaken within the context of community health and social care services for older people, at two locations in Scotland. An interpretivist, constructionist approach is taken to the inductive study which adopts a qualitative case study methodology. The research findings are drawn from semi-structured interviews with managers, older people and employees delivering services, together with observations of meetings and service interactions. Extant research has often conflated the roles of employees and public service organisations, and equal attention is rarely paid to the co-productive roles of service users and employees. The study makes a theoretical contribution by: developing the concept of active co-production; highlighting the complexities of the roles and processes underpinning co-production; revealing the different types of learning occurring within co-production; and developing a model to explicate the processes that combine the expertise of older people and employees, during the delivery of public services. On a practical level the study also highlights how more advanced and ‘active’ forms of co-production have developed, and the impact this has on the delivery of health and social care services for older people in Scotland.

This thesis examines the changing nature of efficiency and tesponsiveness of Australian public services over the past century It will examine how over the past 100 years efficiency has been improved and assessed. It will also examine how, since the 1970s, efficiency has become synonymous with responsiveness. The main argument of this thesis is that the nature of efficiency and responsiveness has changed over the past century.. Reforms introduced fiom the 1970s where the rationale at the time was improved efficiency, were essentially designed to make the public service more accountable and thereby responsive to the political executive. The study will examine: 1. the measures governments employed to improve efficiency and assess their effectiveness; 2. how responsiveness became the corollary of efficiency; 3. the resultant changes assessment of government perfbrmance; and 4. the effect these changes had on the Westminster system in Australia. The thesis is in three parts. Part one deals with the nature of public service efficiency and responsiveness. It examines the literature surrounding the nature of the terms and provides a definition of each. Part two details and analyses how public service efficiency was measured and improved from the end of the nineteenth century to the beginning of the 1970s. It will detail the rise and decline in public service boards and commissions and how they were used to initially limit patronage and then to act as monitoring agencies to ensure that public service input costs were as small as they could be 1i will also detail how other factors, such as the training and education of staff and computerisation had an increasing role in improving efficiency. The third part deals with the changes that have occurred since the 1970s. This will examine how responsiveness emerged as an issue and how it became an essential companion to efficiency when promoting bureaucratic change.. It will examine how the nomenclature of efficiency has been applied when the political executive seeks to ensure greater responsiveness from the public service. This third part will examine the main apparatus that were employed by the political executive to improve efficiency and responsiveness: progr am budgeting, corporate planthng, efficiency audits and contracts with senior staff. Finally, I will demonstrate the inability or unwillingness of many ministers and governments to detail policy objectives and their reluctance to evaluate the effectiveness of spending. This was accompanied by a greater reliance on senior employment contracts as the main lever to improve efficiency and responsiveness of the service.

Our aim is to gain knowledge of some areas of public services available to unemployed youngpeople in Sweden and to study how these services are implemented in practical social work. It was toview that what services are conducted for unemployed young people, why these services conductedand the outcome. The mainly causes of unemployment, effects on unemployment and needs ofunemployed young people were also examined in this research. A qualitative research method waschosen in this study. Through four semi-structured interviews with social workers and intervieweesfrom Social Services and Swedish Public Employment Office, their experience and own optionsupon the subject were shared. The results of the study are presented in three themes and analysedfrom the perspective of empowerment theory and welfare theory. The main result of our study is thatservices conducted for unemployed young people as the implementation of public policy comprisesmulti-dimensions and social work professions played an important role to help with improvement oftheir situation by meeting their needs and solving the problems they have in various ways during theprocess of intervention. Outcome of the services showed both positive influence and negativelimitations need to be improved in future work.

The government serves must keep pace with the times, can draw close to populace's idea, meets populace's need. This study, which aims to investigate the satisfaction level of fishermen towards the public service of the Southern Coastal Patrol Office of the Coast Guard Administration on the five dimensions of PZB Gaps Model of service quality. Six suggestions based on the aforementioned results are proposed in the study as references for Coast Guard authorities to carry out an overall review,enabling the advantage coastal patrol services to create a bigger public interest, and the fisherman feel the coastal patrol institution's innovation and the progress.