UA Open Access Publishing Fund / Introduction: Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) provides significant relief for lumbosacral radiculopathy refractory to both medical and surgical treatment, but historically only offers limited relief for axial low back pain (LBP). We aim to evaluate the response of chronic axial LBP treated with SCS using a surgically implanted epidural paddle lead. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective review of a consecutive series of patients with exclusive LBP or predominant LBP associated with lower extremity (LE) pain evaluated and treated with SCS using an implanted paddle lead within the dorsal thoracic epidural space. Baseline LBP, and if present LE pain, were recorded using the visual analogue scale (VAS) at an initial evaluation. At a follow-up visit (a minimum of 12 months later), LBP and LE pain after a spinal cord stimulator implantation were again recorded using the VAS. Patients were also asked to estimate total LBP pain relief achieved. Results: Patients with either exclusive (n=7) or predominant (n=2) axial LBP were treated with SCS by implantation of a paddle lead at an average spine level of T9. The baseline VAS score for LBP was 7.2; after a follow-up of 20 months, the score decreased to 2.3 (P=0.003). The LE pain VAS score decreased from 7.5 to 0.0 (P=0.103). Patients also reported a subjective 66.4% decrease of their LBP at follow-up. There were no surgical complications. Conclusions: Axial LBP is refractory to many treatments, including SCS. SCS using a surgically implanted paddle electrode provides significant pain relief for chronic axial LPB, and is a safe treatment modality

A two-scintillator paddle muon telescope with variable angular acceptance at the earth's surface was used to study correlations between flux distribution and barometric pressure. The detector was placed in 2 different locations around Georgia State University with varying paddle separations of 0, 7, and 14 inches. Correlation and anti-correlation analyses were conducted by using the muon count from the detector along with the barometric pressure, surface temperature, stratospheric temperature and solar activity. It was observed that there was a short and long-term variation relationship between cosmic ray counts and barometric pressure and also cosmic ray counts and temperature. No significant relationship was found between cosmic ray flux and solar activity. A new two-scintillator paddle telescope with larger detecting area was constructed in order to observe a stronger correlation between cosmic ray flux and pressure.

Halmstad University is currently equipped with an Echo-free chamber to perform EMC testing, but no reverberation chamber. The construction of a paddle stirrer to be utilized in Halmstad University would drastically reduce the time required to perform EMC testing, since reverberation chambers are more efficient than Echo-free chambers for these kind of tests. The goal of this project was to design and develop a paddle stirrer structure and a control system able to rotate the stirrer to specific repeatable absolute angles with an accuracy of a tenth of a degree,holding a mass up to 70kg and rotating a mass up to 20 kg distributed on a 1x1m surface. To achieve this goal the system has been designed using a metal base structure, bearings to hold the lower shaft in its axes reducing its friction, a stepper motor connected to the gears to increase its holding torque, a magnetic rotary encoder and a control system with a double feedback from interrupts and from the encoder to improve the accuracy and reliability of the system. The resultis a completely working prototype, which fulfils all the requirements except for the speed. The target speed has not been achieved due to the insufficient holding torque of the available stepper motor. / Halmstad Högskola är för närvarande utrustad med en Ekofri kammare för att utföra EMCtestning, men ingen modväxlande kammare. Konstruktionen av en paddle-omrörare för användning i Halmstad Högskola skulle drastiskt minska tiden som krävs för att utföra EMC-testning, eftersom modväxlande kammaren är effektivare än en ekofri kammare för dessa typer av tester.Målet med detta projekt var att designa och utveckla en paddle-omrörare, både strukturen samt ett styrsystem som kan rotera den till specifika repeterbara absoluta vinklar med en noggrannhet av en tiondel av en grad, hantera en massa upp till 70 kg och rotera en massa upp till 20 kg fördelad på en 1x1m yta. För att uppnå detta mål har systemet konstruerats med en basstruktur gjord av metall, lager har placerats i axeln för att reducera friktion, en stegmotor är anslutentill kugghjul för att öka vridmomentet, en magnetisk roterande sensor och ett styrsystem med en dubbel återkoppling från interrupts och från sensorn för att förbättra systemets noggrannhet och tillförlitlighet. Resultatet är en helt fungerande prototyp som uppfyller alla krav, förutom hastigheten. Målhastigheten har inte uppnåtts på grund av otillräckligt vridmoment hos stegmotorn.

Ein zentraler Nachteil der meisten Koordinationspolymere ist, dass sie elektrische Isolatoren sind. In dieser Arbeit wurden konjugierte Koordinationspolymere auf ihre Leitfähigkeit untersucht, die eine Rhodium-Paddle-Wheel-Struktur besitzen. Die Beschichtung auf einer funktionalisierten Oberfläche im Vorfeld der C-AFM-Messung wurde mittels eines selbstgebauten Dip-Coaters realisiert. Koordinationspolymere, die das [Rh2(ac)4]-Paddle-Wheel enthalten, sind unabhängig von den untersuchten Linkern Isolatoren. Werden die Acetatliganden mit drei oder vier Acetamidatliganden ausgetauscht, so ist das entstandene Koordinationspolymer leitfähig. Temperaturabhängige C-AFM-Messungen ergeben eine für hohe Feldstärken konstante Aktivierungsenergie, die je nach Koordinationspolymer zwischen 0,3 eV und 0,7 eV beträgt. Anhand der Ergebnisse wurde gezeigt, dass der Ladungstransport durch einen Hopping Mechanismus dominiert wird. C-AFM ist eine aussagekräftige Methode zur Charakterisierung leitfähiger Koordinationspolymere auf der Oberfläche.

Thesis: M.S., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil Engineering, 1981 / Includes bibliographical references. / by Sacha Sethaputra. / M.S. / M.S. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil Engineering

This dissertation discusses several recently developed experimental techniques for controlling the motion of neutral atoms. While laser cooling and evaporative cooling have been extremely successful and have been in widespread use for many years, these techniques are only applicable to a few atomic species. Supersonic beams provide a general method of producing cold atoms in the co-moving frame, but their speeds are typically several hundreds of meters per second in the lab frame. Methods to slow and control atoms cooled by supersonic expansion are detailed. A method for controlling the velocity of a cold beam of ground state helium using specular reflection from single crystal surfaces is demonstrated. The velocity of the beam is shown to be continuously tunable, and beam velocities as slow as 265m/s are created from an initial beam speed of 511 m/s. Magnetism is a nearly universal atomic phenomenon, making magnetic control of atomic motion a very general technique. Magnetic stopping of supersonic beams of metastable neon and molecular oxygen is demonstrated using a series of pulsed electromagnetic coils. Neon is slowed from 446 m/s to 56 m/s, and oxygen is slowed from 389 m/s to 83 m/s, removing over 95% of the kinetic energy. The experimental technique is described in detail, and the theory and principle are discussed. An experiment for slowing and trapping of atomic hydrogen isotopes at around 100 mK using a room temperature apparatus is described. A method for further cooling of magnetically trapped hydrogen ensembles, single-photon cooling, is proposed. / text

This study explores the concept of ecotourism in terms of Honey’s (2008) seven principles of ecotourism (involves travel to natural destinations, minimizes impacts, builds environmental awareness, provides direct financial benefits to conservation, provides financial benefits and empowerment for local people, respects local culture, and supports human rights and democratic movements) and their application to the paddling industry of St. Lawrence Islands National Park (SLINP) and environs. SLINP and environs is located within the Thousand Islands Region of Eastern Ontario, and for the purpose of this research, includes all of the land and waterways along the St. Lawrence River extending as far as Jones Creek in the northeast to, but not including, Howe Island just southwest of Gananoque. The market and demand for paddle-based recreation in SLINP and environs is examined to determine if ecotourism is a feasible alternative to conventional tourism. Subsequently, Honey’s (2008) principles of ecotourism are applied to explore the role of paddle-based recreation within an ecotourism framework of the defined region. Specific recommendations were developed to better comply with these principles. General recommendations concerning the universal applicability of the principles were also prepared and included considerations for quality control measures and established tourism destinations. Ecotourism has traditionally been viewed as a panacea concept for developing countries to stimulate the economy, as well as, directly provide support for conservation efforts. This research instead examines the concept of ecotourism for a relatively sustainable, single activity within an established tourism destination of a developed country. If the recommendations are correctly implemented, the long term implications could include a reshaping of, first, the regional tourism industry and then, potentially the tourism industry at large, by encouraging a more holistic approach to tourism. / Thesis (Master, Environmental Studies) -- Queen's University, 2011-10-19 18:23:57.163

Tittle: Comparative analysis of addirect forward stroke perfomed on single canoe in flatwater canoeing and in paddle pool. Goals: The goals of study is to describe and compaq the movement pattern of a forvard paddle stroke on a canoe in flatwater and in the paddling pool. Methods: The work has mixed empirical-theoretical character, The study is a descriptive individual study. Muscle activity was measured using surface electromyography with synchronized video recording (kinematic analysis). Results: We found differences in muscles involved in the direct paddle stroke forward on canoe and paddle pool. The main differences are, that on the water the boat goes to the paddle and in the paddle pool, we push the water around us.In the first case the athlete push the boat towards to the paddle. However in the paddle pool the athlete just pulls paddle through the water. Another important difference is, that in the paddle pool we do not develop the "water feeling" and in the paddle pool does not have to keep balance. Canoeist is on solid grand all the time. For the winter season, we can recommend a paddle pool as a specific strengthening, but the paddling or ride on water on water does not replace it. Key words: Flatwater canoeing, paddle pool, elektromyography, forward stroke, canoe

The aim of the thesi being presented is to take down the development of table tennis and its impact on particular hit and gaming style techniques. Like in other sports, even in this field the reciprocal interconnection and conditional nature of these txo aspects is considered to be present. The thesis maps out the individual developmental stages in table tennis and, subsequently, to explicate the material equipment (paddle, ball, table, outfit) from the beginning of table tennis to the present and to analyze changes of their parameters in respect of changes to the rules during the development.

Log-boats within the Ertebölle culture have had a broad use in the society. From social usesas transport and communication devises to economical uses within hunting and fishing. Thelog-boats have been quite large, larger than log-boats in later periods. With a length of up to 10 meters and a width of 0,5-1 meter the log-boat have been big enough to carry a family andthere gear along the cost. Even though the long and narrow shape of the log-boat have made them mostly suitable for calm and shallow water they have still aloud the people of theErtebölle culture to cross major waters such as the sound between Denmark and Sweden.