Measures of pain tolerance and threshold were obtained for 100 male and female subjects in a pretest treatment posttest experiment using the cold pressor test. Subjects were divided into five treatment groups with an equal representation of males and females in each group. In addition each group was divided into high and low locus of control, resulting in a 2 X 5, locus of control-by—treatment, experimental design. Treatment groups received one of the following five sets of instructions: prescribed pleasant imagery, prescribed angry imagery, self-generated pleasant imagery, self-generated angry imagery, and expectancy control. Credibility checks were obtained on all groups, and an ANOVA revealed no significant differences in credibility ratings among the groups.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between personality and pain perception in healthy adults. Thirty participants completed the study. All participants were asked to scan a QR code and fill out a survey on their phones that included demographic questions and the Eysenck personality inventory (EPI). The demographics section included questions on age, sex, job activity level, and physical activity level. The researcher then evaluated their pressure pain threshold (PPT) using a handheld pressure algometer. The algometer was applied to the regions of the right paravertebral (PVM), quadratus lumborum (QL), and piriformis (PF) muscles perpendicular to the skin based on standardized palpation procedures. The participants were instructed to report when the sensation changed from “comfortable” to “mildly unpleasant pressure.” Results suggest that there was a positive correlation between PPT applied to the different muscles but there was no strong correlation found between the participants extraversion score and neuroticism score and their PPT at different muscles. This study aids in the understanding of the relationship between personality and pain sensitivity by providing a better view on which tools are the most beneficial in assessing personality and how it relates to pain in a clinical setting.

Alcohol intoxication has been associated with deliberate self-harm (DSH). However, the mechanisms underlying this relationship are poorly understood. The primary purpose of this study was to examine pain tolerance (PT) as a potential mechanism underlying the relationship between alcohol intoxication and DSH. The secondary aim was to determine if borderline personality (BPD) features moderate the mediational model. This model was tested using secondary data of 210 non-alcohol dependent men and women (Mage = 26; SD = 6.97) who consumed a drink containing sufficient alcohol to produce average blood alcohol concentration (BAC) ranging from .000 through .100. Participants then engaged in a validated laboratory self-harm task (The Self-Aggression Paradigm). Results supported the notion that PT mediates the relationship between BAC and DSH. BPD moderated the indirect path between PT and DSH but not BAC and PT. This effect was prominent for men versus women. Clinical implications and future directions are discussed.

For the Diploma work we chose the theme: ``Algesia and pain tolerance across cultures``. We chose it because due to globalisation and migration of inhabitants cultures from the whole world reside in the Czech Republic. We decided for three the most numerous cultural groups in the Czech Republic, which are Czechs, Romanies and Vietnamese. These cultures, despite living in one territory, have a different history, different customs and traditions and approach differently to health and disease. They perceive pain differently, it has a different importance for them and they use different ways of calming the pain. To get to know these cultures closer in the area of pain and to describe differences between Czechs, Romanies and Vietnamese is the essential for a good quality professional and especially multicultural care. For better lucidity and coherence we divided the theoretical part into four sections. The first one is devoted to basic information about pain, its history, factors that affect algesia and its treatment. Other sections are focused gradually on each culture separately. We mention brief history of the relevant culture, pain treatment in the past and especially pain symptoms in the relevant culture, algesia and tolerance of pain. For the empirical section there were defined three targets and five hypotheses. We should find out and compare the differences in calming pain in Romany, Vietnamese and Czech culture in domestic and hospital environment. We should further find out whether the designated cultures consider pain a part of their lives and the last target was to find out the effect of pain on normal activity leading to initiation of activities for pain calming. The targets were established based on the assumption that members of nation minorities in the Czech Republic, in this work specially Romanies and Vietnamese, prefer non-pharmacological ways of calming pain to the pharmacological ones and that Czechs do not consider pain a part of their life unlike members of the nation minorities in the Czech Republic. Other assumption was that a church person bears pain better than an atheist. And last two assumptions were that Romanies have lower pain tolerance than Czechs and that Vietnamese higher. The research was carried out at a selected sample of representatives of all three cultures in form of questionnaires. On the basis of results it is possible to say that the work targets were met. The first two hypotheses were not proved and the last three were.

No description available.

De genusrelaterade skillnaderna inom fenomenet smärta är en aspekt som måste betraktas i omvårdnadsarbetet. Många faktorer påverkar smärtupplevelsen och sjuksköterskan måste ta hänsyn till dessa för att kunna göra en korrekt bedömning. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om det fanns skillnader i män och kvinnors smärttröskel och smärttolerans, samt om skattningen av den upplevda smärtan skiljer sig mellan könen. En inriktning mot akut fysisk smärta har gjorts i detta arbete. Arbetet har utförts som en litteraturstudie som använt sig av databassökning för att inskaffa det vetenskapliga materialet. Studien har följt SBU:s steg för att finna de tio artiklar som har används för att besvara syftet. Artiklarna har kvalitetsbedömts efter en modifiering av Carlsson & Eimans (2003) ursprungliga kvalitetsbedömningsmall. Resultatet av studien visar på skillnader i både smärttröskel och smärttolerans, samt hur de olika könen skattar sin smärta. Enligt underlaget har män högre smärttröskel och smärttolerans än kvinnor, de rapporterar även mindre smärta och skattar sin upplevda smärta lägre. Det fanns även signifikanta siffror som visar att män rapporterar mindre smärta till en kvinna än till en man. Efter att ha djupare analyserat dessa fynd kan det ses att de olika studiernas resultat i vissa avseende talar emot varandra. / The gender related differences within the phenomenon pain is an aspect that must be considered in the nursing care. Many factors influence the experience of pain and the nurse has to regard these to be able to make a correct assessment. The aims of this study was to examine if there is any difference in pain threshold and pain tolerance between men and women, and if there is any gender difference in reporting experienced pain. A choice has been made to direct this study against acute, physical pain. The method that has been used for the study is a literature review, and to obtain the scientific material searching through databases has been made. The study has followed SBU’s steps for finding the ten articles that have been used to respond to the aims that were set. The quality of the articles was estimated with an evaluation form created by Carlsson & Eiman (2003) that was modified by the authors. The results of this study show differences in both pain threshold and pain tolerance, and in how pain is rated by the different genders. According to the material men have higher pain threshold and pain tolerance than women, and they also report less pain and rate the pain they experienced lower. There were also significant numbers showing that men report less pain to someone of the female sex then to the opposite. After having done a deeper analysis of these findings it can be seen that the results of the different studies used, in some aspects speak against each other.

No description available.