Thesis (M.S.)--University of Kentucky, 2004. / Title from document title page (viewed June 21, 2004). Document formatted into pages; contains x, 63 p. : ill. Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-62).

Ruwe manier describes loose painting, characterized by visible brushwork that is casually or even crudely exposed. Although Rembrandt did not invent ruwe manier, his late style is practically synonymous with highly developed surface texture. The goal of this study is to help develop historical context for understanding Rembrandt’s characteristic approach to thick paint, as well as to attempt to locate what is so distinctive about Rembrandt’s expressive brushwork. The ruwe manier is particularly prominent in Rembrandt’s 1658 Self-Portrait housed in the Frick Collection in New York City. The Frick Self-Portrait thus operates as a case study and as a point of departure from which to discuss notions of the rough manner in this period. Through detailed formal analysis and primary texts, I propose how the emotional impact of impasto, as understood in Rembrandt’s time, might have served as motivation for Rembrandt’s painting approach in his later years. In the last section, I apply these discussions about Rembrandt’s ruwe manier to a current neuroscience research about visual and tactile perception. This final, exploratory chapter is more of an inquiry of neuroaesthetic methodology than of Rembrandt’s painting. I ultimately suggest that the assertion of self is manifest not only in the Rembrandt’s presentation of himself as a subject, but also as it is imbued on a conscious and fundamental level—in the very tactility of the paint itself. / text

Underlying all my work is a tension between the painter and the builder. I love to paint. I love the lie inherent in paint: that it can make a picture plane masquerade as light, space, or recognizable place with recognizable figuration. I love how paint—particularly oil paint—can rest in gloppy piles, how it can drip, splatter, spread, or how it can squeeze out of paint tubes in long, stringy beads. I love how paint changes how we see an interior space or a three-dimensional form. Yet I also love building things—usually out of wood—measuring and cutting, fastening things together—all to serve a function or solve a problem. In every studio I have had, there has always been an arms race between my fine art supplies and my tools. My work during my three years at the Department of Art and Art History at the University of Texas at Austin has undergone some dramatic changes. In large part this paper will elaborate and evaluate the trajectory of these changes. Yet, in spite of these changes, the competing impulses to paint and to build have remained constant. This report will leave unanswered the question whether these two impulses can or should be reconciled, kept separate, or whether one should be sacrificed in favor of the other. The artist writing this report does not know at this point in time, and cannot hope to answer this question without making more work in a new context. This report instead will reveal how I arrived at the work I am making at the time of writing this report, and why I regard this new body of work as being about the “paint gap.” I define the “paint gap” as the distinction—mild or strong—between paint itself and the object or surface upon which paint is applied. / text

Akivaizdu, kad dėl didelės apdailos medžiagų bei pastatų funkcinės ir architektūrinės paskirties įvairovės, sunku pasirinkti geriausią fasado apdailą. Todėl baigiamojo magistro darbo tikslas yra apdailos medžiagų variantų palyginimas ir efektyvaus varianto parinkimas. Baigiamajame darbe išnagrinėtos kelios galimos apdailos alternatyvos, kurios pasižymi įrengimo technologijos paprastumu, nedidelėmis darbo sąnaudomis ir kitais privalumais. Palyginti trys gyvenamųjų, visuomeninių ir pramoninių pastatų išorės sienų (fasadų) apdailos įrengimo būdai: tinkavimas, dažymas, dengimas gatavais elementais. Išnagrinėti keli techniniu – ekonominiu požiūriu skirtingi apdailos medžiagų variantai iš kiekvieno apdailos įrengimo būdo. Naudojantis daugiakriteriniais vertinimo metodais bei programos paketu SPS_DS, nustatyti trys racionalūs apdailos medžiagų variantai. Atsižvelgiant į vieno ar kito apdailos medžiagų varianto įgyvendinimo tikslingumą gyvenamojoje, visuomeninėje ar pramoninėje statyboje pateiktos išvados bei pasiūlymai. Darbą sudaro įvadas, 4 skyriai, išvados, literatūros sąrašas. Pirmame skyriuje pateikti bendrieji reikalavimai apdailai, antrame pagrindo dekoratyviniai apdailai paruošimo technologijos analizė, trečiame apdailos įrengimo būdų analizė, ketvirtame racionalaus išorės apdailos varianto parinkimas. Darbo apimtis – 87 p. teksto be priedų, 24 iliustr., 14 lent., 43 bibliografiniai šaltiniai. Atskirai pridedami darbo priedai. / It is quite obvious, that due to broad variety of finishing materials and functional and architectural purpose of buildings, it is difficult to choose the best façade finishing. Therefore, the topic of master thesis is comparison of finishing materials, and selection of the most effective option. Several possible finishing options were surveyed in the diploma job. Such options are remarkable by its’ technological simplicity, low labour expenditures and other advantage. Three types of inhabitant, public and industrial buildings façades finishing were compared: plastering, painting and coverage with pre-fabricated materials. Several technicallyeconomically different finishing options for each type of finishing were surveyed. Multicriteria evaluation method using SPS-DS software package was used for indicating of three rational finishing options. With regard to the expedience of usage of certain finishing material in private, public and industrial constructions, conclusions and proposals are presented. Thesis consists of Introduction, 4 chapters, Conclusions, References. First chapter includes general requirements for finishing works, second – analysis of preparation of the base for decorative finishing, third – analysis of finishing installation processes, fourth – rational choice between outside finishing options. Scope of thesis – 87 pages of text w/t Annexes, 24 pictures, 14 tables, 43 references. Annexes attached separately.

The US Navy spends around $75 million on maintenance and rework of corroded structures, especially in the ballast tanks of ships. The Navy will profit immensely with better surface coating and quality at source with real time inspection system. The approach taken to improve the coating is the use of optically active paint system. This kind of paint will fluoresce with an incident UV light. The fluorescence or glow can be used to detect holidays or defects on the surface. The inspection prototype developed uses a high end camera and intense UV light source. The paint and additive properties are characterized with the help of ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV Vis) to study the behavior and to help formulate a theory. The holidays or missed spots in the painted surface will appear dark and non-fluorescing which is enhanced with the use of commercial filters.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wyoming, 2007. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on Nov. 5, 2008). Includes bibliographical references.

Résumé. Le sujet de ce mémoire d'arts plastiques est d'étudier « le branle du statut de l'image » selon l'expression d' Anca Vasiliu , mais d'une image contemporaine par le biais d'une peinture de recherche. Cette étude passe par le paradigme de l'aura Benjaminienne puis son application rapportée à la notion de matrice (chôra Platonicienne) en condition de lumière particulière (le diaphane). Une forme sans forme, celle d'une « chôra diaphane » , comme volumétrie transparente du tableau est déduite et s'agrège autour d'un volume reformulant son percept.C'est ainsi que l'analyse étudie les propriétés d’un subjectile devenu biface pour le plasticien et le regardeur où la couleur incorpore la rétention lumineuse singulière d’un châssis. L'étude débouche sur un constat plastique, celui d'un dispositif cathartique hybride nécessitant un travail de synthèse : la percolation du feuil peint par le regard où des plans (toiles) complexes sont explorés. La conclusion se porte alors sur l'évolution du médium Peinture en direction de ce subjectile à l'aura reformulée dans l'ensemble du champ dit « postmoderne ». / Abstract. The subject of this visual arts dissertation is to study "the motion of the status of the image", a contemporary image through a painting of research. This study goes through the paradigm of the Benjaminian aura and its application related to the notion of matrix (platonic chôra) in particular light condition (diaphanous). A formless form, that of a « diaphanous chôra », as a transparent volumetry of the painting is deduced and aggregates around a volume reformulating its percept. This is how the analysis studies the properties of a substrate that has become biface for the visual artist and the viewer where color incorporates the singular luminous retention of a frame. The study leads to a plastic finding, that of a hybrid cathartic device requiring a synthesis : the percolation of the film painted by the look where complex plans (canvases) are explored. The conclusion then turns on the evolution of the painting medium in the direction of this substrate to the reformulated aura throughout the "postmodern" field.

Virginia City once exemplified the cutting edge of culture and taste in the Rocky Mountain mining frontier. Weathering economic downturns, mining booms and busts, and the loss of the territorial capital to Helena, Virginia City survives today as a heritage tourism site with a substantial building stock from its period of significance, 1863-1875. However, the poor physical condition and interpretation of the town offers tourists an inauthentic experience. Without paint analysis, the Montana Heritage Commission, state-appointed caretakers of Virginia City cannot engage in rehabilitation. As of 2017, no published architectural finishes research exists that provides comparative case studies for the Anglo-American settlement of the American West between 1840-1880, for American industrial landscapes, or for vernacular architecture in Montana. This thesis offers a case study of five buildings to add to the body of scholarly architectural finishes research, provide rehabilitation recommendations, and provide a published, baseline study for future research.

Submitted in the fulfilment of the requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy: Chemistry, Durban University of Technology, 2016. / The work conducted in this study comprised three aspects: syntheses, characterizations, and multi-component liquid-liquid extractions. The main objectives of the project were: (1) to evaluate the efficacy and efficiency of ionic liquids to extract aromatic components from catalytic reformates and paint solvent wastes, and (2) to validate the method(s) used in this project to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the aromatic molecules (BTEX) in multi-component mixtures. Therefore, this research critically investigated the major effects of the chosen ionic liquids as extractive solvents for the recovery of BTEX components from model and industrial organic mixtures. The project was concerned with the nature of solvents currently used in most industries for the separation by extraction of aromatic hydrocarbons from non-aqueous or organic mixtures. Most solvents currently employed for this purpose are highly volatile; hence they contribute significantly towards environment pollution. In addition, the extraction efficiency of these conventional solvents is limited only to mixtures containing aromatic hydrocarbons of 20% or more. Furthermore, conventional solvents are organic compounds which are generally toxic, flammable, and expensive to recover or regenerate from extract phases due to methods which involve several steps. In addition, they demand high energy input for the distillation steps. used in the analysis of aromatic components were evaluated for validity. According to the literature no such work was carried out by previous researchers. The study targeted four ionic liquids, namely, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl sulphate [EMIM][ESO4], 1-ethyl-3-methylpyridinium ethyl sulphate [EMpy][ESO4], 1- Butyl-1-methyl-2-pyrrolidonium bromide [BNMP][Br], and 1,1-Dimethyl-2- pyrrolidonium iodide [MNMP][I] in an attempt to address this concern. These ionic liquids were synthesized and characterized in our laboratories using previously accepted methods. After synthesis and purification, they were characterized by techniques including FTIR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR. The densities and moisture content of both the synthesized and standard ionic liquids were also determined using density meters and Karl-Fischer apparatus, respectively. The extractions were carried out on both the model and industrial mixtures using ionic liquids. Each ionic liquid was mixed with a target mixture in a water-jacketed vessel and then stirred vigorously at constant temperature achieved by a thermostatically controlled water-bath. After a selected period of time the operation was stopped and the resulting mixture was left to stand overnight to allow phase equilibration to be reached. The two phases were then separated and analyzed for the content of individual aromatic components in each phase using GC-FID calibrated with external standards of the components present in the mixtures being investigated. According to the results obtained from the synthesis and characterization methods the percentages yield of ionic liquids were reasonably high (> 95%). In addition, spectral studies showed high purity with fewer traces of impurities based on the observed relative intensities. Results from GC-FID indicated a relatively lower concentration of aliphatic hydrocarbons in the extract phase. On the other hand, the concentrations of aromatic II components in the extract phase were relatively higher than those of aliphatic hydrocarbons. The results obtained from the three extraction stages showed the total recovery of greater than 50% for the aromatic components. This suggests that at least six extraction stages would be required in order to achieve a total recovery of 100% aromatic components which is an indication of good efficiency. Also noticeable was that the first extraction stages for all ionic liquids recovery values were much higher than those values obtained from successive stages which showed approximately the same extraction results. In most experiments, 1-ethyl-3-methylpyridinium ethyl sulphate gave higher recovery values than the other three ionic liquids. It was also noted that the recovery values obtained from the extractions performed on model mixtures of the entire concentration range (0.5 – 25%) of individual aromatic components did not show any significant difference. Proportional difference in recoveries occurred across the entire concentration range of model mixtures. The results also indicated that the solubility of aromatic hydrocarbons in the ionic liquids decreases in the order: benzene > toluene > ethyl benzene >xylenes. This phenomenon is attributed to a decrease in π-π, cation- π, cation- anion interactions occurring between the ionic liquid and each of the aromatic molecules in this order. The recovery values for BTEX ranged from 80 to 120 % by volume for the three extraction stages. This is in line with results previous research studies carried out on liquid-liquid extractions involving ternary systems containing only one aromatic component in each mixture. Therefore this study shows that ionic liquids are capable extraction solvents for simultaneous recovery of the aromatic components from any organic mixtures containing low to high BTEX concentrations. In addition, the outcomes of this project have proved that ionic liquids are economically viable as potential extraction solvents since they can be easily recycled and reusable many times without any noticeable degradation. The results of this study are envisaged to make significant contributions to the current research efforts aimed at achieving greener environments and minimization of global warming. The findings of this project are also geared to boost the economy of our country through job creation using economically viable methods. / D

Jusqu'à récemment, l'industrie chimique se contentait de développer des produits en répondant exclusivement à des contraintes de prix et de performance sans accorder d'importance à l'origine et à la toxicité des matières premières utilisées. Cependant, face à la diminution des ressources pétrolières et aux enjeux environnementaux, le développement de produits durables a connu un fort essor au cours des dernières années et confronte dorénavant les chimistes à de nouvelles contraintes sanitaires et environnementales. Dans ce contexte, la vieille chimie des peintures alkydes a été remise à l’ordre du jour, puisqu'utilisant un liant issu d'une polycondensation entre des matières premières renouvelables. Le séchage d’une peinture alkyde implique à l’heure actuelle un mécanisme oxydatif nécessitant d'être catalysé par des sels de Cobalt pour se produire en moins de 6 h. Ces catalyseurs sont potentiellement cancérogènes et soumis au règlement REACH. Après un état de l'art sur les alkydes et les alternatives aux sels de cobalt, trois mécanismes de réticulation ont été proposés afin d'offrir une alternative viable au séchage oxydatif. Ces trois mécanismes reposent sur une réaction chimique à température ambiante entre deux groupements fonctionnels. Plusieurs résines alkydes biosourcées et ainsi fonctionnalisées ont été synthétisées et caractérisées par mesures physico-chimiques. Leurs performances de séchage ont ensuite été évaluées et comparées au séchage oxydatif d'une résine alkyde conventionnelle par mesure de leur dureté Persoz, leur jaunissement dans le temps, leur brillance ou encore par mesure d'angle de contact. / Up to recently, the origin and toxicity of raw material were not a major concern for the chemical industry, the main drivers of innovation being cost and performance. Increasing awareness of sustainability, supported by both public opinion and governments, is now adding a new constraint for chemists to take into account the origin of the raw materials used. In this context, alkyd coatings are making a huge comeback, because based on a binder obtained by polycondensation reactions of renewable raw materials. Conventional alkyd paints chemically dry through an oxidative mechanism, which requires cobalt salt to occur in less than 6 h. Chemical regulations such as REACH tend to limit the use of colbalt salts, because of their potentially carcinogenic effect. After reviewing the current state-of-the-art regarding conventional alkyd resins and cobalt salts alternatives, we proposed three new non-oxidative drying mechanism, each involving a chemical reaction between two key functional groups. Several biobased alkyd resins bearing these chemical groups were synthesized and characterized by physico-chemical analysis. Their drying performances were evaluated by following over time the Persoz hardness, the gloss, the yellowing or the contact angles. These non-oxidative crosslinking mechanisms were then compared with the oxidative drying of a conventional alkyd binder.