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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Cephalometric analysis of craniofacial growth of a cohort of cleft lip and palate patients

Ouatik, Nabil January 2008 (has links)
Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.
12

Cephalometric analysis of craniofacial growth of a cohort of cleft lip and palate patients

Ouatik, Nabil January 2008 (has links)
Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal
13

Identification and characterization of predisposing genetic factors in patients with oral cleft and/or dental anomalies / Identification et caractérisation de facteurs génétiques prédisposant à l’apparition d’une fente orale et/ou d’anomalies dentaires chez l’Homme

Quentric, Mickaël 26 November 2013 (has links)
Toutes altérations génétiques ou environnementales survenant lors du développement craniofacial et de l’odontogenèse peut aboutir à une fente orale et/ou à des anomalies dentaires. Un des syndromes les plus courants comprenant une fente orale est le syndrome de van der Woude (VWS) / des ptérygiums poplités (PPS) causé par des mutations du gène IRF6. Nous avons séquencé IRF6 dans 16 familles VWS et 2 familles PPS et analysé le phénotype dentaire des patients avec une mutation identifiée. Les individus atteints présentaient des fentes (76%), des dépressions de la lèvre inférieure (86%), des agénésies dentaires (68%) ainsi que des anomalies de morphologie dentaire (58%), telles que des dents fusionnées ou porteuses de cuspides supplémentaires, démontrant que la fréquence élevée des anomalies dentaires constatées chez les patients VWS/PPS avec une mutation IRF6 pourrait se révéler utile dans la pose du diagnostic, dans la mesure où les dépressions de la lèvre inférieure ne sont pas toujours présentes. Malgré le nombre considérable de gènes identifiés dans les fentes orales et/ou anomalies dentaires, la cause génétique de bon nombre de cas isolés reste sans réponse. Partir de patients syndromiques avec fente, porteurs d’anomalies chromosomiques, a permis la découverte de nouveaux gènes associés aux fentes : HDAC4, HIPK2, RBFOX1, SWSWAP et MMP17. En plus des mutations touchant la partie codante des gènes et des variants introniques prédisposants, l’altération d’éléments régulateurs distants peut aussi conduire à l’apparition de fentes, comme nous le montrons dans ce travail avec l’altération d’éléments régulateurs de SOX9. D’autre part, le tri minutieux de patients syndromiques basé sur un phénotypage précis et associé à des techniques de séquençage haut-débit peut conduire à l’identification de la cause génétique sous-jacente. En procédant ainsi, nous avons montré que des mutations récessives de FAM20A sont à l’origine du syndrome rein-dent (ERS). Les patients atteints présentent un phénotype oral pathognomonique caractérisé par une amélogénèse imparfaite, des retards d’éruption, des calcifications intra-pulpaires, des follicules dentaires surdéveloppés, une hyperplasie gingivale et une néphrocalcinose. Les mutations de FAM20A conduisent à une augmentation de chondroïtine sulfate et de la concentration de calcium extracellulaire ionisé, entraînant l’apparition de calcifications ectopiques. Notre travail montre qu’un phénotypage précis combiné à des méthodes d’investigations génétiques à haut-débit, contribue de manière significative à une meilleure compréhension des facteurs génétiques des fentes orales et/ou des anomalies dentaires. / Any genetic or environmental disturbances during craniofacial development and odontogenesis can lead to orofacial clefts (OFC) and/or dental anomalies. One of the most common cleft syndrome is the Van der Woude / popliteal pterygium syndrome (VWS/PPS) caused by IRF6 mutations. We screened IRF6 in sixteen VWS and two PPS families and analyzed the dental phenotype of IRF6-mutated patients. Affected individuals had clefts (76%), lower lip pits (86%), dental agenesis (68%), and abnormal dental morphology (58%) such as fused teeth and additional cusps, demonstrating that the high frequency of dental anomalies in VWS/PPS patients mutated for IRF6 could be a useful clinical clue for correct diagnosis, as lips pits are not always present. Despite the large number of genes identified in oral cleft and/or dental anomalies, the genetic causes of many sporadic cases remain unknown. Starting from syndromic cleft patients presenting chromosomal abnormalities, new genes associated with oral cleft were discovered: HDAC4, HIPK2, RBFOX1, SWSWAP, and MMP17. In addition to protein coding mutations and predisposing intronic variants, alterations of long-range gene regulatory elements can also lead to OFC, illustrated in this work with the alteration of SOX9 regulatory elements. Careful stratification of syndromic patients based on a precise phenotype can lead to the identification of the underlying genetic causes, when combined with high-throughput sequencing. We identified FAM20A recessive mutations to be causative of the Enamel Renal Syndrome (ERS). Affected patients present a pathognomonic oral phenotype characterized by generalized hypoplastic enamel, delayed tooth eruption, pulp calcifications, hyperplastic dental follicles, gingival hyperplasia, and nephrocalcinosis. FAM20A mutations resulted in increased chondroitin sulfate and increased extracellular ionized calcium concentrations, eventually leading to ectopic calcification. Our work illustrates that precise phenotype combined with the power of high throughput genetic technologies contributes significantly to the understanding of the genetic factors underlying oral cleft and/or dental anomalies.
14

Three Dimensional Imaging of Palatal Muscles in the Human Embryo and Fetus: Development of Levator Veli Palatini and Clinical Importance of the Lesser Palatine Nerve / ヒト胚子胎児における口蓋筋の3次元画像解析:口蓋帆挙筋の発生と小口蓋神経の臨床的な重要性

Kishimoto, Hideaki 24 July 2017 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(医学) / 乙第13119号 / 論医博第2132号 / 新制||医||1023(附属図書館) / (主査)教授 大森 孝一, 教授 斎藤 通紀, 教授 長船 健二 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
15

Post orthodontic effects of SARPE on sleep-disordered breathing in young adults as observed in a sleep laboratory

Fiore, Patrick R. 05 1900 (has links)
Introduction: L’expansion palatine du maxillaire a beaucoup d’effets positifs sur la respiration et la qualité du sommeil, mais peu d'études ont examiné ces données sur des adultes ayant dépassé l’âge permettant de bénéficier d'une expansion palatine conventionnelle. Le but de cette recherche est d’évaluer la stabilité de l’EPRAC (expansion palatine rapide assistée chirurgicalement) et son effet sur les troubles respiratoires après l’ablation des appareils orthodontiques. Méthodes: Neuf patients (Âge moyen 21, entre 16-39 ans) nécessitant une EPRAC ont passé des nuits dans un laboratoire de sommeil, et ce avant l’EPRAC, après l’EPRAC, et après l’ablation des appareils fixes. Les radiographies céphalométriques postéroantérieures ainsi que les modèles d’étude ont été pris pendant ces trois périodes de temps. Résultats: L’analyse des modèles d’étude a démontré une récidive significative au niveau des distances inter-molaires et inter-canines au niveau du maxillaire seulement. Les analyses céphalométriques ont démontré une récidive au niveau de la largeur maxillaire. Aucun changement important n'a été observé dans les stades de sommeil, mais une réduction importante dans l’index de ronflement a été notée. De plus, il y avait moins de changements entre les stades de sommeil. Conclusions: La récidive squelettique est minime et cliniquement non significative. Par contre, les changements dans les distances intermolaires et intercanines sont cliniquement importants. Il semble également qu'une EPRAC ait un effet positif sur la qualité de sommeil par la réduction de l’indice de ronflement ainsi que sur la diminution des changements entre les stades de sommeil. / Introduction: Orthopedic expansion appears to have several positive effects on respiration as well as sleep quality, but a lack of studies examine these findings using SARPE on skeletally mature individuals. The aim of this study was to evaluate post-SARPE stability as well as its effect on sleep disordered breathing after completing full fixed orthodontics. Methods: 9 patients (average age 21, range 16-39) requiring SARPE underwent polysomnographic testing in sleep laboratory before SARPE (T0), after SARPE (T1), and after removal of full fixed appliances (T2). Study models and anteroposterior cephalometric radiographs were also taken at the 3 time points. Results: Study model analysis showed significant relapse for intermolar and intercanine widths. Anteroposterior cephalometric results were significant only for effective maxillary width. There were no significant changes in any sleep stages, however a dramatic reduction in snoring as well as fewer stage shifts were observed. Conclusions: Although statistically significant relapse was observed on study models and anteroposterior cephalometric radiographs, the dental relapse appears to be more clinically significant than the skeletal relapse. SARPE appears to have a positive effect on sleep quality by reducing the snoring index as well as reducing transitions between sleep stages.
16

Avaliação in vivo da formação óssea na sutura palatina mediana após irradiação com laser de baixa potência em pacientes submetidos a expansão rápida da maxila (ERM) / Assessment of bone formation in vivo in median palatine suture after low power laser irradiation on patients undergoing rapid maxillary expansion (REM)

Matos, Denise de Souza 01 July 2016 (has links)
O diagnóstico e tratamento precoce da mordida cruzada posterior esquelética ou atresia da maxila é extremamente importante e o uso de aparelhos disjuntores é o tratamento de escolha para estas maloclusões. A utilização de laser de baixa potência com a finalidade de estimular o reparo ósseo e diminuir a sensação dolorosa nesse tipo de tratamento vem sendo estudada e tem apresentado resultados promissores. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a ação osteoindutora do laser de baixa potência na sutura palatina mediana e os efeitos desta irradiação na sensação dolorosa em pacientes submetidos à expansão rápida da maxila (ERM). Como objetivo secundário, foi avaliado o espaço nos arcos dentários antes e após o procedimento de ERM. Participaram da pesquisa 34 indivíduos sendo 16 no Grupo Controle e 18 no Grupo Experimental. Foram solicitadas documentações ortodônticas onde confirmou-se que os indivíduos apresentavam atresia esquelética de maxila e o plano de tratamento consistiu na utilização do aparelho Disjuntor Hyrax. Os pacientes do Grupo Experimental foram submetidos a irradiações com Laser de Diodo (980nm, 0,3W) a cada 5 dias durante a fase ativa do tratamento e 8 aplicações semanais após sobrecorreção e estabilização do parafuso expansor (fase passiva do tratamento) em seis pontos distribuídos bilateralmente à sutura palatina mediana, com duração de 10 segundos em cada ponto. Nos pacientes do Grupo Controle as irradiações foram realizadas no modo Standby do aparelho para caracterizar o efeito placebo. Durante o tratamento, os pacientes de ambos os grupos foram submetidos a exames radiográficos oclusais digitais nos seguintes tempos: estabilização do parafuso, 1 mês, 2 meses, 3 meses e 6 meses, padronizados com posicionador e penetrômetro. Para comparação entre as radiografias foi utilizado o programa Image J. A influência do laser na sensação dolorosa entre os grupos foi avaliada por meio de Escala Visual de Dor. Após a remoção do disjuntor, nova documentação ortodôntica foi solicitada para comparação do espaço nos arcos dentários antes e após o procedimento segundo o método de Moyers. Concordâncias inter e intra-examinadores foram avaliados por meio de teste de correlação intraclasses. Para a análise estatística da formação óssea foi utilizado modelo generalizado misto considerando o indivíduo como fator aleatório seguido do pós-teste de Tukey. Para a análise da dor também foi utilizado modelo generalizado misto para dados ordinais repetidos. Toda as análises foram realizadas no programa estatístico SAS 9.3. Os resultados mostraram que não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos com relação as variáveis analisadas, exceto em relação a análise de espaço no arco superior. Pode-se concluir que a terapia com laser de baixa potência nos parâmetros utilizados não influenciou a regeneração óssea e a sensibilidade dolorosa e que procedimento de ERM promoveu ganho de espaço no arco superior. / The diagnosis and early treatment of skeletal posterior cross bite or maxillary atresia is extremely important, and the use of disjunction appliances is the treatment of choice for these malocclusions. The use of low-power laser with the purpose of stimulating bone repair and diminishing the painful sensation in this type of treatment is being studied and has shown promising results. The aim of this work is to evaluate the osteoinductive action of low power laser on median palatine suture, and the effects of this radiation in the painful sensation in patients undergoing rapid maxillary expansion (REM). As a secondary objective, the dental arches space, before and after the procedure of REM, will be assessed. A total of 34 individuals participated in the research, being 16 in the Control Group and 18 in the Experimental Group. Orthodontic documentation was requested and they did confirm that the individuals had skeletal maxillary atresia, and the treatment plan consisted in the use of Hyrax disjunction appliance. Patients in the Experimental Group underwent Diode Laser irradiation (980nm, 0.3W) every 5 days during the active phase of treatment, and 8 weekly applications after overcorrection and stabilization of the expander screw (passive phase of treatment) in six points distributed bilaterally to the median palatine suture, for 10 seconds on each point. In patients of the Control Group irradiation was held in the Standby mode of the device to characterize the placebo effect. During treatment, patients in both groups underwent digital occlusal x-ray examinations according to the following timetable: stabilization of screw, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months and 6 months, patterned with positioner and penetrometer. The Image J program was used to compare the x-rays. The influence of laser in painful sensation among the groups was evaluated through the Visual Scale of Pain. After removing the disjunction appliance, new orthodontic documentation was requested for comparison of dental arches space, before and after the procedure, according to Moyerss method. Inter and intra-examiners concordances were evaluated by means of intraclass correlation tests. The generalized mixed model was used, considering the individual as random factor followed by Tukeys post-test, for statistical analysis of bone formation. The mixed generalized model for ordinal repeated data was also used for the analysis of pain. All analyses were carried out in the statistical program SAS 9.3. The results showed that there was no statistical difference between the groups regarding the variables analyzed and that there was space gain in the upper arch. The paper concludes that the low-power laser therapy, in the parameters used, did not influence bone regeneration and the soreness; and that the REM procedure did promote space gain on the upper arch.
17

Avaliação in vivo da formação óssea na sutura palatina mediana após irradiação com laser de baixa potência em pacientes submetidos a expansão rápida da maxila (ERM) / Assessment of bone formation in vivo in median palatine suture after low power laser irradiation on patients undergoing rapid maxillary expansion (REM)

Denise de Souza Matos 01 July 2016 (has links)
O diagnóstico e tratamento precoce da mordida cruzada posterior esquelética ou atresia da maxila é extremamente importante e o uso de aparelhos disjuntores é o tratamento de escolha para estas maloclusões. A utilização de laser de baixa potência com a finalidade de estimular o reparo ósseo e diminuir a sensação dolorosa nesse tipo de tratamento vem sendo estudada e tem apresentado resultados promissores. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a ação osteoindutora do laser de baixa potência na sutura palatina mediana e os efeitos desta irradiação na sensação dolorosa em pacientes submetidos à expansão rápida da maxila (ERM). Como objetivo secundário, foi avaliado o espaço nos arcos dentários antes e após o procedimento de ERM. Participaram da pesquisa 34 indivíduos sendo 16 no Grupo Controle e 18 no Grupo Experimental. Foram solicitadas documentações ortodônticas onde confirmou-se que os indivíduos apresentavam atresia esquelética de maxila e o plano de tratamento consistiu na utilização do aparelho Disjuntor Hyrax. Os pacientes do Grupo Experimental foram submetidos a irradiações com Laser de Diodo (980nm, 0,3W) a cada 5 dias durante a fase ativa do tratamento e 8 aplicações semanais após sobrecorreção e estabilização do parafuso expansor (fase passiva do tratamento) em seis pontos distribuídos bilateralmente à sutura palatina mediana, com duração de 10 segundos em cada ponto. Nos pacientes do Grupo Controle as irradiações foram realizadas no modo Standby do aparelho para caracterizar o efeito placebo. Durante o tratamento, os pacientes de ambos os grupos foram submetidos a exames radiográficos oclusais digitais nos seguintes tempos: estabilização do parafuso, 1 mês, 2 meses, 3 meses e 6 meses, padronizados com posicionador e penetrômetro. Para comparação entre as radiografias foi utilizado o programa Image J. A influência do laser na sensação dolorosa entre os grupos foi avaliada por meio de Escala Visual de Dor. Após a remoção do disjuntor, nova documentação ortodôntica foi solicitada para comparação do espaço nos arcos dentários antes e após o procedimento segundo o método de Moyers. Concordâncias inter e intra-examinadores foram avaliados por meio de teste de correlação intraclasses. Para a análise estatística da formação óssea foi utilizado modelo generalizado misto considerando o indivíduo como fator aleatório seguido do pós-teste de Tukey. Para a análise da dor também foi utilizado modelo generalizado misto para dados ordinais repetidos. Toda as análises foram realizadas no programa estatístico SAS 9.3. Os resultados mostraram que não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos com relação as variáveis analisadas, exceto em relação a análise de espaço no arco superior. Pode-se concluir que a terapia com laser de baixa potência nos parâmetros utilizados não influenciou a regeneração óssea e a sensibilidade dolorosa e que procedimento de ERM promoveu ganho de espaço no arco superior. / The diagnosis and early treatment of skeletal posterior cross bite or maxillary atresia is extremely important, and the use of disjunction appliances is the treatment of choice for these malocclusions. The use of low-power laser with the purpose of stimulating bone repair and diminishing the painful sensation in this type of treatment is being studied and has shown promising results. The aim of this work is to evaluate the osteoinductive action of low power laser on median palatine suture, and the effects of this radiation in the painful sensation in patients undergoing rapid maxillary expansion (REM). As a secondary objective, the dental arches space, before and after the procedure of REM, will be assessed. A total of 34 individuals participated in the research, being 16 in the Control Group and 18 in the Experimental Group. Orthodontic documentation was requested and they did confirm that the individuals had skeletal maxillary atresia, and the treatment plan consisted in the use of Hyrax disjunction appliance. Patients in the Experimental Group underwent Diode Laser irradiation (980nm, 0.3W) every 5 days during the active phase of treatment, and 8 weekly applications after overcorrection and stabilization of the expander screw (passive phase of treatment) in six points distributed bilaterally to the median palatine suture, for 10 seconds on each point. In patients of the Control Group irradiation was held in the Standby mode of the device to characterize the placebo effect. During treatment, patients in both groups underwent digital occlusal x-ray examinations according to the following timetable: stabilization of screw, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months and 6 months, patterned with positioner and penetrometer. The Image J program was used to compare the x-rays. The influence of laser in painful sensation among the groups was evaluated through the Visual Scale of Pain. After removing the disjunction appliance, new orthodontic documentation was requested for comparison of dental arches space, before and after the procedure, according to Moyerss method. Inter and intra-examiners concordances were evaluated by means of intraclass correlation tests. The generalized mixed model was used, considering the individual as random factor followed by Tukeys post-test, for statistical analysis of bone formation. The mixed generalized model for ordinal repeated data was also used for the analysis of pain. All analyses were carried out in the statistical program SAS 9.3. The results showed that there was no statistical difference between the groups regarding the variables analyzed and that there was space gain in the upper arch. The paper concludes that the low-power laser therapy, in the parameters used, did not influence bone regeneration and the soreness; and that the REM procedure did promote space gain on the upper arch.
18

Jean-Baptiste Bodoni, imprimeur d’Europe / Giambattista Bodoni, printer of Europe

De Pasquale, Andrea 22 October 2015 (has links)
Jean-Baptiste Bodoni (1740-1813) est l’un des imprimeurs les plus célèbres du monde occidental et, pour l’Italie, le dernier représentant de la « Typographie d’Ancien Régime » en même temps que le premier des « modernes ». Il a en effet été le dernier capable de dessiner, graver et fondre lui-même ses caractères, tout en exerçant conjointement l’imprimerie et la librairie. Après lui, l’industrialisation du livre commence : les activités qu'il réunissait dans son entreprise, selon la tradition remontant à la naissance de l’imprimerie, se scindèrent sans retour, tandis que la production imprimée s’adressait désormais à la fois à des marchés plus vastes et à des publics différents et plus larges. Les tirages de masse s'accompagnèrent d'une baisse de la qualité et d'une plus grande banalité du style. Grâce à Angelo Pezzana, directeur de la Bibliothèque de Parme au XIXème siècle, les outils utilisés par Bodoni pour fabriquer les caractères, mais aussi ses archives et une collection complète des volumes produits par son atelier, ont été conservés jusqu’à nos jours. Il est donc possible de reconstruire la vie de Bodoni, en insistant notamment sur ses rapports avec les cours d’Europe et avec le marché de la bibliophilie, sur les conditions et les pratiques de travail dans la fonderie de caractères et dans l’imprimerie, et sur la genèse des ouvrages les plus célèbres. La fortune qui a été la sienne remonte aux décennies qui suivent sa disparition et se prolonge jusqu’à aujourd’hui, où les caractères Bodoni sont utilisés dans les graphismes publicitaires et dans les revues, ainsi que pour les marques de mode. Ils sont, toujours, des symboles de l’élégance, de la simplicité, et en même temps du luxe et de l’italianité. / Giambattista Bodoni (1740-1813) is one of the most famous printers of the western world and, for Italy, the last representative of the "Ancien Régime Typography" at the same time as the first "modern". It has indeed been able to make his own characters while exercising together printing and book trade. After him, the industrialization of the book begins: the activities he met in his company, according to tradition dating back to the birth of printing, divided without return, while print production is now addressed to both larger markets and different and wider audiences. Mass prints were accompanied by a decline in quality and of greater banality of style. With Angelo Pezzana, director of the Library of Parma in the nineteenth century, the tools used by Bodoni for making type, but also its archives and a complete collection of volumes produced by his typography, have been preserved until today. It is therefore possible to reconstruct Bodoni of life, with particular emphasis on its relations with the courts of Europe and the market for bibliophile, on the conditions and labor practices in the foundry of characters and in printing, and the genesis of the most famous works. His fortune follow his death and continues until today, where Bodoni characters are used in graphics and for publications and magazines, as well as for fashion brands. They are always, symbols of elegance, simplicity, and at the same time of the luxury and of the Italian style.
19

Contribution à l’approche anthropologique et médico-légale des sutures viscérocrâniennes utiles dans l’estimation de l’âge au décès (Sutures palatines, fronto-naso-maxillaires et zygomatiques). / Contribution to a useful anthropological and medico-legal approach of the viscerocranial sutures in the age at death estimation (palatine, fronto-naso-maxillary and zygomatic sutures).

Beauthier, Jean-Pol J.-P. R.A.G. 30 November 2009 (has links)
Les sutures crâniennes ont été régulièrement étudiées au fil des siècles puisque déjà Vésale établissait une relation entre l’âge et la synostose suturale. Leur imprécision a quelque peu confiné l’observation de ces sutures dans un certain oubli, justifié en partie. Il est clair que leur fiabilité quant à l’estimation de l’âge au décès reste discutable et ce, pour diverses raisons. Leur observation est difficile et dès lors sujette à subjectivité dans l’appréciation de leurs stades de fusion. De plus, leur apparence sur le crâne sec peut être altérée par divers artéfacts de conservation (cire, vernis…). Outre l’observation des classiques sutures ectocrâniennes de voûte et l’utilisation des méthodes habituelles en la matière (méthode de Acsádi et Nemeskéri, méthode de Masset), nous avons orienté notre étude vers des sutures peu voire pas exploitées, à savoir les sutures palatines, les sutures fronto-naso-maxillaires et les sutures de l’os zygomatique. Ces trois groupes suturaux ont la particularité d’évoluer de manière très lente vers la fusion, à tel point que peu d’individus en présentent une oblitération complète. Face au vieillissement de la population et de par notre expérience médico-légale et anthropologique d’étude de pièces osseuses de personnes âgées, nous avons estimé qu’il était utile de se pencher sur des collections particulières de sujets d’âge avancé, afin d’apprécier l’évolution morphologique de ces sutures faciales. Si certaines personnes fort âgées gardent malgré tout des caractéristiques suturales peu évoluées, il existe dans l’ensemble, une progression suturale quasiment constante en fonction de l’âge. Nous avons tenté de la cerner, en attribuant à ces sutures, des degrés bien définis de cette progressive fusion et par là, l’aboutissement à un coefficient moyen d’oblitération suturale, se traduisant aisément en pourcentage d’oblitération ou pouvant être introduit dans des équations de régression. Tout en connaissant les limites de cette approche, nous pouvons estimer qu’elle peut rendre des services lors de l’étude de restes humains squelettisés, notamment s’ils appartiennent à des personnes fort âgées, dès lors qu’à ces stades de vieillissement, peu de méthodes restent encore applicables. D’autre part, l’approche en pourcentage d’oblitération suturale rend également des services lorsque les crânes étudiés sont fragmentés. C’est la situation que nous rencontrons actuellement lors de l’étude d’une très importante collection anthropologique à l’Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique. Cette observation suturale pourra également – à l’avenir – trouver un terrain d’approche fort utile par l’étude des sutures en CT-Scan ou en micro-CT. Enfin, grâce à ces techniques modernes d’imagerie médicale, les sutures trouvent un regain d’intérêt dans une application toute particulière, qui est celle de l’identification comparative, puisqu’il apparaît que le « dessin sutural » s’avère tout à fait propre à chaque individu.
20

Post orthodontic effects of SARPE on sleep-disordered breathing in young adults as observed in a sleep laboratory

Fiore, Patrick R. 05 1900 (has links)
Introduction: L’expansion palatine du maxillaire a beaucoup d’effets positifs sur la respiration et la qualité du sommeil, mais peu d'études ont examiné ces données sur des adultes ayant dépassé l’âge permettant de bénéficier d'une expansion palatine conventionnelle. Le but de cette recherche est d’évaluer la stabilité de l’EPRAC (expansion palatine rapide assistée chirurgicalement) et son effet sur les troubles respiratoires après l’ablation des appareils orthodontiques. Méthodes: Neuf patients (Âge moyen 21, entre 16-39 ans) nécessitant une EPRAC ont passé des nuits dans un laboratoire de sommeil, et ce avant l’EPRAC, après l’EPRAC, et après l’ablation des appareils fixes. Les radiographies céphalométriques postéroantérieures ainsi que les modèles d’étude ont été pris pendant ces trois périodes de temps. Résultats: L’analyse des modèles d’étude a démontré une récidive significative au niveau des distances inter-molaires et inter-canines au niveau du maxillaire seulement. Les analyses céphalométriques ont démontré une récidive au niveau de la largeur maxillaire. Aucun changement important n'a été observé dans les stades de sommeil, mais une réduction importante dans l’index de ronflement a été notée. De plus, il y avait moins de changements entre les stades de sommeil. Conclusions: La récidive squelettique est minime et cliniquement non significative. Par contre, les changements dans les distances intermolaires et intercanines sont cliniquement importants. Il semble également qu'une EPRAC ait un effet positif sur la qualité de sommeil par la réduction de l’indice de ronflement ainsi que sur la diminution des changements entre les stades de sommeil. / Introduction: Orthopedic expansion appears to have several positive effects on respiration as well as sleep quality, but a lack of studies examine these findings using SARPE on skeletally mature individuals. The aim of this study was to evaluate post-SARPE stability as well as its effect on sleep disordered breathing after completing full fixed orthodontics. Methods: 9 patients (average age 21, range 16-39) requiring SARPE underwent polysomnographic testing in sleep laboratory before SARPE (T0), after SARPE (T1), and after removal of full fixed appliances (T2). Study models and anteroposterior cephalometric radiographs were also taken at the 3 time points. Results: Study model analysis showed significant relapse for intermolar and intercanine widths. Anteroposterior cephalometric results were significant only for effective maxillary width. There were no significant changes in any sleep stages, however a dramatic reduction in snoring as well as fewer stage shifts were observed. Conclusions: Although statistically significant relapse was observed on study models and anteroposterior cephalometric radiographs, the dental relapse appears to be more clinically significant than the skeletal relapse. SARPE appears to have a positive effect on sleep quality by reducing the snoring index as well as reducing transitions between sleep stages.

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