This diploma thesis focuses on the development of board materials based on secondary raw materials. The theoretical part outlines secondary raw materials and their further usage. In addition, the theoretical part deals with a description of protective panels with a focus on underlying profiles and requirements for protective panels in terms of thermal protection of buildings. At the end of the theoretical part, a multicriteria analysis and a method of assessing the impact of the products on the environment using LCA / EPD is described. The practical part describes input raw materials from various industries, test samples, their tests, and subsequent evaluation of required properties. Using the multi-criteria analysis, a board material with a favorable ratio between mechanical and thermal insulation properties was selected for the production of the base profile. Furthermore, the practical part deals with the production of the underlying profile, its testing, determining its competitiveness in the market, and a simplified description of its impact on the environment.

The aim of the master's thesis is to design an environmentally advanced gym building. In the first part, the building structure is designed. It is a two-storey building. On the first floor there is a reception, a gym, sanitary facilities for athletes, communication areas, facilities for employees, storage areas and technical facilities. On the second floor there is a cafeteria, gym, sanitary facilities for athletes, tribune, communication areas, toilets, staff facilities and technical facilities. The structural system is a skeleton of monolithic reinforced concrete with infill masonry of aerated concrete. Ceiling structures and staircase are also designed as monolithic reinforced concrete. The building is roofed with trussed steel gable trus-ses, the roof cladding consists of PUR boards with surface trapezoidal sheeting. The perimeter walls are insulated with ETICS system. The second part deals with the building environment technology. Heating, air conditioning, cooling, water management, lighting and a photovoltaic power plant are designed. The third part is an energy study for the design of the heating source. Economic and ecological factors are taken into account. The decisive parameters for the selection of the most optimal solution are the total investment costs over the lifetime, the production of CO2 emissions and the consumption of primary nonrenewable energy. The project is developed using AutoCAD and DEKsoft software.

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil Engineering; and, (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1981. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING. / Bibliography: p. 175-178. / by Joseph Gilmary Burns. / M.S.

Indoor climate of industrial halls is now advantageously shaped radiant heating systems, which are more flexible and efficient than convection systems. The crucial component of indoor climate in these systems mean radiant temperature. The work focuses on theoretical and experimental research on the location and operation of radiant panels. For the theoretical part is used new computer software able to calculate the Institute TZB mean radiation temperature distribution in 2D space. The experimental part was carried out comprehensive measurements of indoor climate parameters specific industrial halls and subsequently compared. Work includes the design and comparison of three variants of heating in the indoor facility.

The subject of this diploma thesis is new building of leisure center, with two storeys and partial basement, near town Proseč (cadastral area Paseky u Proseče). There is catering and sanitary facilities downstairs and accomodation facility upstairs. In basement, there is storeroom for camping equipment. Next to the building is a plot of land used as a campground. The construction is largely designed as a diffusely open timber - cross-laminated timber walls, ceilings and roof, with thermal insulation. Underground part is made of concrete-filled blocks, with ceilings from pre-tensioned panels. The building is covered with a sadle roof with a sheet metal roofing. AutoCAD software was used to draw the drawing documentation.

The aim of this master project is to design café and roastery building in Brno - Líšeň. There are three parts, documentation for building permission, conception of HVAC documentation and facility management study. The building has three floors: basement with storage and utility rooms, ground floor with a café, coffee shop and roastery and first floor with a barista training room, offices and a roof garden with a terrace. Outside, there is an outdoor seating, children’s playground and a parking lot for customers and staff. The vertical loadbearing structures are designed from ceramic blocks and permanent formwork. The horizontal loadbearing structures are designed as cast-in-place reinforced concrete slabs and beams. There are three staircases in the building, one is designed from steel and the other two from cast-in-place reinforced concrete. The building is insulated with expanded polystyrene panels. The foundations are cast-in-place concrete strips. There are solar panels situated on the flat roof over the first floor. The building has mechanical ventilation with heat recovery. There is an underground tank for collecting rainwater that is used for toilet flushing and watering the garden. For heating and DHW there are two gas boilers, for cooling there is a VRV system.

This report presents a master's thesis conducted within the machine design track at KTH Royal Institute of Technology. The research work was undertaken in collaboration with Novige AB, who commissioned the project. Novige AB is in the development and testing phases of a wave energy converter (WEC) of which exhibits a large area of unutilized potential. This led to the purpose of this thesis, conceptualizing a support structure and expanding mechanism for solar panels to be mounted on the float of the WEC. Since no previous work related to the subject had been conducted, the objectives were to explore different solutions and present a detailed final concept, including initial finite element calculations from expected load cases. The work consisted of several concept phases to ensure a thorough design process and to be able to accurately evaluate each concept. The outcome of the project yielded a conceptual design, featuring stackable solar panel modules. Each module consisted of four panels arranged horizontally and three panels vertically, resulting in a total of 288 solar panels, when incorporating eight modules on each float. The cumulative potential maximum power output of the configuration was estimated to be approximately 115 kW. When harsh conditions would be detected, the outer modules would retract under the fixed center module. To support the outer modules, a telescope beam was incorporated, spanning the outermost points of the structure, while roller guides were utilized at the inner end. Moreover, the movement of the outer modules was facilitated by a chain mechanism, housed within a U-profile. Most components in the design were proposed to be manufactured using steel, supplemented with protective measures such as paint or coating to ensure durability in the oceanic environment. / Denna rapport presenterar ett mastersarbete som utförts inom maskinkonstruktionsspåret vid KTH Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan. Arbetet genomfördes i samarbete med Novige AB, som beställde projektet. Novige AB befinner sig i utvecklings- och testfaserna av ett vågkraftverk (WEC) som har en stor outnyttjad yta med potential. Detta ledde till syftet med detta arbete, att konceptualisering en stödstruktur och en expanderingsmekanism för solpaneler som ska monteras på flotten av WEC. Eftersom ingen tidigare forskning hade utförts på området var målet att utforska olika lösningar och presentera ett detaljerat slutkoncept, inklusive initiala beräkningar med FEM under förväntade lastningsfall. Arbetet bestod av flera konceptuella faser för att säkerställa en noggrann designprocess och för att kunna utvärdera varje koncept på ett genomgående sätt. Projektet resulterade i en konceptuell design med stapelbara solpanelesmoduler. Varje modul höll 12 solpaneler, fyra horisontellt och tre vertikalt med 3 moduler per struktur. Varje WEC kunde bära totalt 8 strukturer vilket ger 288 solpaneler per WEC. Den sammanlagda potentiella effekten för konfigurationen uppskattades till cirka 115 kW. Vid svåra väderförhållanden, skulle de yttre modulerna dras tillbaka under den fasta mittmodulen för att minska vindfånget. För att stödja de yttre modulerna inkluderades en teleskopisk balk som bär de yttersta punkterna på modulen, medan rullstöd användes i den inre delen. Dessutom utfördes rörelsen hos de yttre modulerna av en kedja-kuggmekanism som placerades inuti en U-profil. De flesta komponenter i designen föreslogs tillverkas av stål, kompletterat med skyddsåtgärder såsom färg eller beläggning för att minimera risken för korrosion i den marina miljön.

This work involves preparing a basis for the company Riksbyggen AB and the housing association Brf ASEA-Stan for a possible installation of solar panels on their apartment building on Relävägen 5 (722 24) Västerås. As the company has already installed solar cells on other apartment buildings, a comparison will also be made between the various apartment buildings and what it means in terms of production to install solar cells on Relävägen 5 (722 24) in Västerås. Payoff time and the placement of the solar panels are further factors that have been taken into consideration when designing the solar system at Relävägen 5. From the results a conclusion was made that the apartment building electrical usage may be affected positively by an installation of solar panels. This is because in the summer the building can be self-sufficient while in the winter the building won’t need to buy as much electricity even though the sun hours are very low. The slope of the solar cell system is crucial for the electricity production for an apartment building, which reflects the work’s comparison of the slope and its differences. Interviews, study visits and simulation programs are examples of methods used during the work to facilitate the design of the solar cell system.

In order to provide Sweden and other countries across the globe with energy in a long-term and sustainable manner that accounts for our global environmental goals, we need to adopt more sources of renewable energy. Solar panels and other forms of solar power is one of these renewable energy sources that has a lot of potential and the technology has become increasingly more common in Sweden and other parts of the world in the latest decades. Everyone from private individuals to companies and authorities are increasingly making investments in the technology. With the help of our supervisors and after extensive literature studies we aim to increase the knowledge about solar panels and their economic aspects by calculating and presenting payback periods for solar panels implemented in nonbuilding structures. In conjunction with this we also aim to present a basic theoretical background about solar panels and their global impact to further the understanding of the technology even more. On behalf of, and in collaboration with Trafikverket we have examined the payback periods of four solar panel installations in connection to four of the authority´s nonbuilding structures. Three of these solar installations are applied on technical buildings that are scattered alongside the railway system across the country. The solar panels provide local electricity to the electrical components within the building. The fourth solar installation is connected to a road tunnel where it provides local electricity to the lights within the tunnel. The conducted calculations have resulted in a payback period for each respective solar installation measured in years based on various relevant factors that influence their energy production. Our hope is that this can clarify the economic aspects of the solar panels and be of help in potential future investments in solar power by Trafikverket. The conclusion is that the solar panel installation connected to the road tunnel has the shortest payback period by far and also has great potential to be economically lucrative by generating future revenue. The tree solar installations connected to the technical buildings each have a significantly longer payback period but are still expected to be paid back eventually. However they are not expected to generate a mentionable yield, if any. / För att vi ska kunna förse Sverige och resterande delar av världen med energi på ett långsiktigt och hållbart sätt som tar hänsyn till de globala miljömålen krävs det att vi börjar använda mer förnyelsebara energikällor. Solceller och solenergi är en av dessa energikällor som har stor potential och tekniken har under de senaste decennierna blivit allt vanligare både i Sverige och i andra delar av världen. Allt från privatpersoner till företag och myndigheter gör i större och större utsträckning investeringar i tekniken. Med hjälp av litteraturstudier samt stöd från handledare syftar denna avhandling till att öka kunskapen om solceller och deras ekonomiska aspekter genom att beräkna och presentera återbetalningstider för solceller implementerade i anläggningskonstruktioner. I samband med detta kommer en grundläggande teoretisk bakgrund om solceller samt deras globala påverkan att presenteras för att öka förståelsen för ämnet ytterligare. På uppdrag av och i samarbete med Trafikverket har återbetalningstiden för fyra solcellsinstallationer i anslutning till myndighetens anläggningar undersökts. Tre av dessa är teknikhus längs med järnvägen utspridda i olika delar av landet där solcellsinstallationen bidrar med elektricitet till de tekniska komponenterna i huset. Den fjärde installationen ligger i anslutning till en vägtunnel där solcellsinstallationen bidrar med elektricitet till belysningen i tunneln. Resultatet av beräkningarna har gett en återbetalningstid i år för respektive installation baserat på diverse relevanta parametrar som påverkar elproduktionen. Vår förhoppning är att detta kan klargöra de ekonomiska aspekterna av solcellerna samt underlätta för Trafikverket att ta beslut om framtida potentiella solcellsinvesteringar i anslutning till deras anläggningar. Slutsatsen är att solcellsinstallationen i anslutning till vägnätet har den överlägset kortaste återbetalningstiden samt även god potential att bli ekonomiskt lukrativ. De tre installationerna i anslutning till teknikhusen har betydligt längre återbetalningstid och anses så småningom bli återbetalda men utan någon nämnvärd avkastning, om ens någon.

High Temperature Cooling, HTC, is a thermal conditioning strategy, which aims to reducemixing and transfer heat losses. Cooling capacity strongly depends on heat transfer coefficientsand offers a great response and several advantages in terms of efficiency and sustainability.Among the advantages, there is evidence that HTC offers an increment of energy efficiency ofHVAC systems, provision of healthier and more comfortable indoor climate and provide widepotentials for the applications of renewable. This principle leads to a higher energy efficiency ofwater-based radiant cooling systems.This paper intends to focus on the research of the thermal capacity and performance of a newalternative. This is where Cooling Radiant Ceiling Panels, CRCP, becomes a major innovationwithin the sector and begin to take on certain relevance. The cooling capacity curve of thisparticular CRCP panels has been only measured in an idealized room environment according toDIN EN 14240. Thus, further studies of this key parameter through climate chamber testingand Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations, CFD, are necessary. CFD particularly focuseson fluids in motion, their behavior and their influences in complex processes such as heat transfer.The fluid motion can be described through fundamental mathematical equations and it isbecoming widely used within the building sector.Two different cases are going to be investigated. The first case will determine the mostoptimal peripheral gap to enhance cooling performance through Natural Convection, NC. Thisstudy states the existence of a peripheral gap around the panels has proven to be inefficientin terms of enhancing natural convection in the climate chamber. The second case is aboutcalculating the cooling capacity as a function of the internal heat loads. The cooling capacity ofthe CRCP panels followed an expected behavior. The R-squared factor of the linear regressionwas found to be 0.986, hence, it does not affect the performance of the CRCP panels dependingon the inclusion of the IHLs.This thesis provides the necessary information for the implementation of CRCP panels anddifferent possible operating environments, including considerations, limitations and recommendationsfor future implementation of this strategy.