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Reading the Transformation: The Relationship between Literature and Territory in Contemporary Veneto aims at investigating the interrelation between a geographically defined entity and the literary word. Placed in the context of a broader reflection on the dynamics of such relation, this thesis aims at outlining a specific set of theoretical references in order to analyse the case of contemporary Veneto through a close reading of some particularly relevant works by two authors from this region, Massimo Carlotto and Marco Paolini. Developed from an interest in the literary tradition of Veneto and in the theme of landscape and territory representation in literature, this thesis is comprised of two parts: the first one is dedicated to tracing the theoretical, historical, and literary coordinates that define the scope and frame of reference for the thesis; the second one conducts an in-depth analysis of the context in which the works of Carlotto and Paolini are situated. Drawing on concepts pertaining geography, cultural anthropology, and landscape theory, the premise of this thesis is that territory is a complex geographic, historical, social, economic, and cultural entity of which landscape constitutes the visible stratum. Siding with arguments that sustain the centrality of the role of landscape in the process of formation of people's identity, this thesis adopts such concept and employs it as a key to understand the relation between territory and literature. Through the analysis of La verità dell'Alligatore and Nordest by Carlotto and Il Milione and Bestiario Veneto - Parole mate by Paolini, the objective of this thesis is, on one side, to provide an insight into how the transformation of a territory can shape the formation of a collective identity, on the other side, to shed light on the means through the reflection on territory enters the literary space.

The thesis discusses if the hero’s journey in the fantasy genre could be seen as a journey through social classes. By comparing Paolin’s Eragon’s journey to that of Moberg’s Karl Oskar’s with a focus on the home, education and the chosen one trope via the concepts skogsgång (to go into the forest) and return the thesis concludes that many of the steps necessary for social mobility is also necessary in the hero’s journey, and that the change between social classes can be an answer to the heroes isolation in the end of their stories. The thesis also muses on how the hero’s journey can enlighten the hardships of social mobility.

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Certains des acteurs de ce groupe italien, déterminés à faire éclater les limites des genres pour mieux les interroger, s'emparent tout particulièrement des arts de la scène pour investir des espaces de création collectifs. Cette thèse procède à l'étude des productions théâtrales de Jannis Kounellis, Giulio Paolini, Michelangelo Pistoletto et Mario Ceroli. Quatre démarches scénographiques singulières, qui se distinguent par leur ampleur. Ainsi, cette recherche s'emploie à dévoiler les multiples croisements à l'intérieur du courant, en découvrant les échanges entre arts plastiques et arts du spectacle. Il s'agit à la fois d'éclairer l'œuvre des artistes autour de l'Arte Povera et de comparer ces expériences aux activités dites de "théâtre d'artiste", en considérant aussi le rôle essentiel de l'environnement théâtral des années soixante et soixante-dix en Italie, dans le contexte d'une création expérimentale prolifique et révolutionnaire. L'ambition est de présenter les modalités de cette pratique spécifique dans l'œuvre des membres de l'Arte Povera pour l'étendre à un questionnement plus général au regard de la création d'autres artistes dans ce même registre. / Arte Povera's works and productions constantly challenge the traditional fundamentals of History of Art, thus leading to the exploration of new artistic fields. Some members of the Italian group, in their will to break the limits between genres in order to question these very limits, concentrate on theatre to invest collective and creative spaces. This PhD is an analysis of the theatrical works by Jannis Kounellis, Giulio Paolini, Michelangelo Pistoletto and Mario Ceroli. These four specific approaches distinguish themselves by their ambitions and their scales. This university research aims at revealing the multiple intersections within the group, by exploring the interactions between visual arts and performing arts. The issue at stake is both to shed light on artists and works from the Arte Povera and to compare their experiences to the theatre, while considering the central role of the theatrical environment in the sixties and seventies in Italy in a time of revolutionary and prolific experimental creation. The ambition is to present the details of these specific artistic practices that characterize the approaches of Arte Povera's members, and then to extend this analysis to a more global questioning of other artists' approaches sharing the same concerns.

Ce travail de recherche s’interroge sur l’usage des langues dialectales dans le théâtre italien contemporain. De fait, celles-ci restent une source d’inspiration importante dans les créations les plus innovantes des trente dernières années, malgré l’affirmation de l’italien sur tout le territoire national depuis l’Unité. Cette étude s’interroge sur les valeurs et les enjeux de ces langues dialectales dans un théâtre actuel qui est, pour une part importante, le fait d’acteurs-auteurs : ainsi, la relation qui s’établit entre l’artiste, à la fois créateur et interprète, et la langue théâtrale, s’appuie sur une approche de l’élément langagier qui est aussi fondamentalement pré-cognitive, voire corporelle.Après avoir élucidé dans un premier temps les dynamiques linguistiques à l’œuvre dans le théâtre italien depuis l’Unité, cette étude se resserre autour de la pratique de cinq acteurs-auteurs contemporains : Marco Paolini, Ascanio Celestini, Spiro Scimone (Compagnia Scimone Sframeli), Emma Dante (Compagnia Sud Costa Occidentale) et Enzo Moscato. L’analyse du parcours de chacun de ces artistes, ainsi que d’une œuvre en particulier, se propose d’établir une cartographie du théâtre italien contemporain puisant dans les dialectes la matière de sa langue théâtrale. Il s’agit de mettre en évidence les lignes de fuite de créations qui interrogent trois notions clés au cœur de l’analyse : le temps, le territoire et l’identité, notions qu’une réflexion constante sur le concept de limite et de frontière affine et redéfinit progressivement. / This doctoral dissertation deals with the use of dialectal languages in the contemporary Italian theater. Indeed, these languages remain an important source of inspiration in the most innovating creations of the last thirty years, in spite of the paramount place the Italian language has come to have in the whole national territory since the Italian Unification. This study deals with the values and with what is at stake in these dialectal languages in today's theater which is, most of the time, created by actors-authors: therefore, the relationship between the artist, who is both creator and performer, and dramatic language, relies on a way of tackling the linguistic element that is fundamentally precognitive and corporal as well.After having cleared up the linguistic dynamics in the Italian theater since the Unification ; the study focuses on the work of five contemporary actors-authors: Marco Paolini, Ascanio Celestini, Spiro Scimone (Compagnia Scimone Sframeli), Emma Dante (Compagnia Sud Costa Occidentale) and Enzo Moscato. Studying the work of these artists, as well as a specific play, intends to draw up a cartography of the contemporary Italian theater that is inspired by dialect languages to create its own dramatic language. The study aims to lay emphasis on the convergence lines of creations which deals with three key notions, at the core of the study: time, territory and identity. These three notions will be progressively redefined and precised by working on the idea of limit and boundary. / Questo lavoro di ricerca si interroga sull’uso delle lingue dialettali nel teatro italiano contemporaneo. Infatti, esse restano un’importante fonte d’ispirazione nelle creazioni più innovative degli ultimi trent’anni, nonostante l’affermarsi dell’italiano sull’intero territorio nazionale a partire dall’Unità. Questo studio si interroga sui valori e sul peso di queste lingue dialettali nel teatro odierno che, in larga parte, viene realizzato da attori-autori: perciò, la relazione che si stabilisce tra l’artista, insieme creatore ed interprete, e la lingua teatrale è fondata su un approccio fondamentalmente pre-cognitivo, e perfino corporeo, dell’elemento linguistico.Dopo aver chiarito, in un primo momento, le dinamiche linguistiche in atto nel teatro italiano sin dall’Unità, questo studio si accentra intorno alla pratica di cinque attori-autori contemporanei: Marco Paolini, Ascanio Celestini, Spiro Scimone (Compagnia Scimone Sframeli), Emma Dante (Compagnia Sud Costa Occidentale) e Enzo Moscato. L’analisi del percorso di ognuno di questi artisti, nonché di una loro opera in particolare, mira a stabilire una cartografia del teatro italiano contemporaneo che attinge dai dialetti la materia della propria lingua teatrale. Si tratta di evidenziare le linee di fuga di creazioni che interrogano tre nozioni-chiave al cuore dell’analisi: il tempo, il territorio e l’identità, nozioni affinate e progressivamente ridefinite da una costante riflessione sul concetto di limite e di confine.