Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin, 1967. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Auburn University. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 153-178).

Thesis (M.A.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1999. / Bibliography: leaves 140-147.

Thesis (M. S.)--Economics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. / Haizheng Li, Committee Chair ; Patrick McCarthy, Committee Member ; Vivek Ghosal, Committee Member. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--Institute of Paper Chemistry, Lawrence College, 1939. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-77).

No description available.

No description available.

The pulp and paper industry (PPI) is a business that produce large amounts of residues annually. Besides bark, large quantities of sludge are produced from the various parts of the industrial process. The sludge that comes from the biological wastewater purification process is denoted biosludge and is known as a particularly problematic waste product. It is of interest to reduce the amount of sludge from the PPI or to find new ways of handling the produced sludge. The common way to treat the PPI sludge is by incineration in the site’s bark boiler. The material is however difficult to dewater and often does more harm than good in the boilers. Different technologies to try and dewater the sludge further have been investigated previously, one that has recently been noted is hydrothermal treatment. The technology described in this thesis work is called hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) which uses water as a reaction media to turn the sludge into a coal-like material called hydrochar. The hydrochar has a higher heating value than the initial sludge and is more hydrophobic which makes it easier to dewater. This Master’s thesis describes the process technologies of the HTC process and presents some of the recent work done within the area. The properties of different residues from the PPI are presented before the integration of an HTC process on the biorefinery site in Domsjö, Sweden is discussed using previously published articles. A survey concerning sludge from industries within a 500 km range of the Domsjö biorefinery site is made to investigate whether residual streams similar to the ones at the Domsjö site are available in the vicinity. The results show that an HTC process demands energy in the form of steam and/or electricity. A previously made pinch and total site analysis show that the most accessible steam at the Domsjö biorefinery site, that most appliances and process steps uses, is at 7 bars. There are also steam levels of 20 and 32 bar in the area, which is within the range an HTC plant requires. The HTC process water demands further treatment which puts an extra stress on the already existing water purification process. The Domsjö biorefinery site produces 6000 tonnes of biosludge per year. Several HTC companies produce units that normally treat 20000-50000 tonnes of sludge per year, which indicates that additional sludge could be added to reach full capacity. The survey shows that there are similar materials available in the surroundings. It is concluded that further investigations concerning the sludge materials must be made before real implementation consequences can be calculated.

Leading industrial nations invest to try to increase advanced manufacturing and innovation to catch up in a free-market world. One common vision for these investments has been Industry 4.0. In short can this topic be described as the internet moving into the industry. The concept is relatively new and has become one of the most discussed topics during the last couple of years in many manufacturing conferences. However, the industry is so far lacking a clear definition of the concept, and much of the focus is on laboratory experiments rather than industrial applications. The research that has been conducted so far has not involved the process industry, where this thesis will operate. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the understanding of how Industry 4.0 can be related to the pulp and paper industry by contextualizing the concept, and function as a “door-opener” for further research. Potentials, sustainability aspects and a concrete example has been used to comprehend this. The study has been designed with a qualitative approach through semi-structured interviews at the specific case company Stora Enso, Skoghall. As the concept of Industry 4.0 not yet has an explicit definition the start of the thesis was therefore to create a theoretical framework of the theory to relate to during the rest of the study. The findings of the research show that Industry 4.0 in the pulp and paper industry focuses on Availability through possibilities of prediction and response improvement. The concept should emphasis on keeping the production ongoing with fever break-downs and increased Quality of the products. Communication improvements will be essential in reaching the new industry level, with connecting the whole plant as a crucial part. The thesis contributes with a first insight to what Industry 4.0 will mean to the pulp and paper industry and how it contextualizes in the sector. / Framträdande industriella nationer investerar idag för att öka den avancerade tillverkningen och antalet innovationer för att hänga med i den fria marknaden. En gemensam vision för de här investeringarna är Industri 4.0. I korta drag kan det beskrivas som att internet flyttar in i industrin. Konceptet är relativt nytt och har kommit att bli ett av de mest diskuterade områdena under de senaste åren på tillverkningskonferenser. Industrin saknar dock en tydlig definition av konceptet, och mycket av fokus gällande ämnet hamnar på laborationsexperiment istället för praktiska applikationer. Vidare finns det ett behov av att titta på hur detta ser ut i processindustrin eftersom detta ännu inte granskats, vilket kommer vara området för uppsatsen. Syftet med denna studie är att bidra till förståelsen för hur Industri 4.0 kan relateras till pappersindustrin genom att kontextualisera konceptet och verkasom en ”dörr-öppnare” för vidare forskning. Möjligheter, hållbarhetsaspekter och ett konkret exempel har använts för att skapa förståelse för detta. Studien har designats med ett kvalitativt angreppssätt med semi-strukturerade intervjuer på det specifika fallet, Stora Enso Skoghall. Eftersom konceptet Industri 4.0 ännu saknar en tydlig definition började studien med att skapa ett teoretiskt ramverk för att kunna relatera till detta genom arbetet. Resultaten visar att Industri 4.0 i pappersindustrin fokuserar på Tillgänglighet genom ökade prediktions- och åtgärdsmöjligheter. Konceptet borde lägga vikt vid att hålla igång produktionen med färre avbrott och ökad Kvalitet på produkterna. Kommunikationsförbättringar kommer bli essentiella för att nå den nya nivån av industri, där integrationen av hela fabriken kommer spela en stor roll. Examensarbetet bidrar med en första inblick i vad Industri 4.0 kommer betyda för pappersindustrin och hur det kontextualiseras i branschen.

Orientador: Sergio Valdir Bajay / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T04:09:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Barbeli_MarceloCarlos_D.pdf: 12361812 bytes, checksum: 4cf5b3dc805f9a2b5257d8ffbecbd33c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003 / Resumo: Este trabalho aborda o planejamento energético da indústria brasileira de papel e celulose. A produção de papel e celulose no Brasil é uma atividade industrial complexa, verticalizada, altamente globalizada e intensiva em capital e recursos naturais, sendo importante na economia brasileira tanto em termos de mercado interno como de exportações. Tais atributos, somados ás conseqüências desta atividade produtiva do ponto de vista energético e ambiental, motivaram o presente estudo. A tese pode ser dividida em duas partes principais. Na primeira delas se realiza uma análise retrospectiva detalhada da indústria de papel e celulose brasileira, em termos de evolução da produção e do consumo de energia, e os fatores que afetaram ambos, nos últimos 10 anos. Uma análise prospectiva compõe a segunda parte. Esta análise avalia possíveis comportamentos nos próximos 10 anos, em uma estrutura de cenários alternativos de desenvolvimento, da produção e exportações de papel e celulose e do consumo e produção de combustíveis e eletricidade neste segmento industrial, incluindo simulações sobre a inserção de novas tecnologias de consumo e produção de energia. Com base nessas duas análises, elaboram-se as considerações finais do trabalho e propõe-se algumas novas idéias para políticas energéticas e ambientais no País, para este segmento industrial / Abstract: The planning of the pulp and paper industry in terms of energy consumption and supply is the subject of this work. The production of pulp and paper in Brazil is a complex, vertically-integrated, global and capital and natural-resources-intensive industrial activity. It is important in the national economy in terms of both internal market and exports. Such attributes, added to the energy consumption and environmental consequences of this productive activity, motivated this study. The thesis can be divided into two main parts. In the first one, a detailed retrospective analysis of the Brazilian pulp and paper industry is carried out, assessing the evolution of energy consumption and production, and the factors which affected both, in the last ten years. A prospective analysis makes up the second part. Employing a range of alternative development scenarios, the possible behaviours, in the next ten years, of the pulp and paper production and exports and the consumption and production of energy and electricity in this industrial branch are evaluated, in the latter case including the simulation of new technologies. Based upon these two analyses, final remarks are made and some proposals are put forward about new energy and environmental policies for this industry / Doutorado / Planejamento de Sistemas Energeticos / Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica