Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-01-05T12:31:45Z No. of bitstreams: 2 janaina_leite_barbosa.pdf: 481477 bytes, checksum: dfa803de7a5d99cc692b252b0f6f2098 (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-01-05T12:32:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 janaina_leite_barbosa.pdf: 481477 bytes, checksum: dfa803de7a5d99cc692b252b0f6f2098 (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-01-05T12:32:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 janaina_leite_barbosa.pdf: 481477 bytes, checksum: dfa803de7a5d99cc692b252b0f6f2098 (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-01-05T12:32:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 janaina_leite_barbosa.pdf: 481477 bytes, checksum: dfa803de7a5d99cc692b252b0f6f2098 (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / Objetivou-se avaliar par?metros ruminais, nutricionais, produtivos e qualidade da carne, em fun??o da inclus?o de diferentes n?veis da casca de pequi (0, 6, 12, 18, 24%), como substituto parcial ? silagem de milho, com base na mat?ria seca da dieta. O experimento foi conduzido no munic?pio de Curvelo ? MG, na Fazenda Experimental do Moura (UFVJM), sendo os abates realizados na sala de abates, e as an?lises realizadas no Laborat?rio de Nutri??o Animal e no Laborat?rio de Tecnologia de Produtos de Origem Animal da Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri ? UFVJM, Campus JK ? Diamantina ? MG. Durante o per?odo experimental, os animais receberam dietas contendo 50% volumoso e 50% de ra??o concentrada, sendo as dietas isoenerg?ticas e isoproteicas formuladas para suprir as exig?ncias de manten?a e crescimento. Utilizou-se milho mo?do, farelo de soja, ureia, sulfato de am?nio e mistura mineral para compor a ra??o concentrada. Para avaliar o desempenho produtivo foram confinados 25 cordeiros, machos, n?o castrados, mesti?os Santa In?s, com peso vivo inicial m?dio de 17,83 ? 1,73 kg e idade m?dia de seis meses, alojados em gaiolas individuais. O per?odo experimental teve dura??o de 92 dias, sendo 10 dias de adapta??o, dois per?odos de 28 dias e um de 26 para coleta de dados. Os animais foram alimentados ad libitum, duas vezes ao dia, sempre ?s 08h00 e 16h00, permitindo sobras de, aproximadamente, 10%. Foram pesadas, diariamente, as quantidades de alimentos fornecidos e sobras, para devidos ajustes e mensura??o do consumo. Foi realizado ensaio de digestibilidade na metade do segundo per?odo experimental por cinco dias consecutivos, caracterizando-se pela coleta total e individual fezes com o aux?lio de bolsas coletoras, al?m do controle dos alimentos fornecidos e das sobras. Todos os ingredientes da dieta, sobras e fezes foram submetidos ?s an?lises de mat?ria seca, mat?ria mineral, extrato et?reo, prote?na bruta e fibra em detergente neutro corrigido para cinzas e prote?na. Tamb?m foram realizadas an?lises de fibra em detergente neutro e lignina nas amostras dos ingredientes das dietas. Ap?s os animais atingirem o peso vivo de 30 kg, foram abatidos e avaliados rendimentos de carca?a, cortes c?rneos, caracter?sticas f?sicas, qu?micas da carne e peso de v?sceras cheias e vazias. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e cinco repeti??es. E os resultados foram submetidos ? an?lise de vari?ncia e regress?o com signific?ncia de 5% para erro tipo I, o peso inicial foi utilizado como covariavel com auxilio do programa SAS. Para avaliar o pH e N-NH3 do l?quido ruminal, consumo e digestibilidade dos nutrientes da dieta foi conduzido ensaio utilizando 5 ovinos fistulados no r?men, alojados em gaiolas individuais, os quais foram distribu?dos em delineamento em quadrado latino, composto por cinco per?odos de 13 dias, sendo sete dias de adapta??o e seis dias de coletas de dados, totalizando 65 dias. Os animais foram alimentados ad libitum, duas vezes ao dia, sempre ?s 08h00 e 16h00, permitindo sobras de, aproximadamente, 10%. O ensaio da digestibilidade caracterizou-se pela coleta total e individual de fezes, com o aux?lio de bolsas coletoras, al?m do controle dos alimentos fornecidos e das sobras. A coleta de urina total foi de realizada com baldes contendo 100 mL de ?cido sulf?rico a 20%, para quantificar a quantidade de nitrog?nio excretado. As coletas de sangue foram por meio de pun??o da veia jugular, quatro horas ap?s o fornecimento do trato da manh?, para posterior determina??o da ur?ia presente no plasma sangu?neo. Todas as amostras de ingredientes das dietas, sobras e fezes foram submetidas ?s an?lises de mat?ria seca, mat?ria mineral, extrato et?reo, prote?na bruta e fibra em detergente neutro corrigido para cinzas e prote?na e a urina submetida ? an?lise de nitrog?nio. Para mensurar o pH e N-NH3, foram feitas amostragens de l?quido ruminal antes da alimenta??o, caracterizando o tempo 0h e 2h, 4h e 6h ap?s alimenta??o. Os resultados foram submetidos ? an?lise de vari?ncia e regress?o, com signific?ncia de 5% para erro tipo I, utilizando o programa SAS. Ao final do experimento com os animais de desempenho produtivo, n?o foi observado efeito (P>0,05) para ganho m?dio di?rio, rendimentos de carca?a e cortes c?rneos. Contudo, com a inclus?o de casca de pequi, houve redu??o (P<0,05) para quantidade de gordura e aumento (P<0,05) para teor de prote?na bruta presentes na carne. Houve aumento (P<0,05) do peso de r?men-ret?culo cheio e vazio. N?o ocorreu efeito para consumo (P>0,05) de mat?ria seca, mat?ria mineral, extrato et?reo, prote?na bruta e fibra em detergente neutro corrigido para cinzas e prote?na e nutrientes digestivos totais. Contudo, observou-se redu??o (P<0,05) sobre a digestibilidade de mat?ria seca, extrato et?reo, prote?na bruta e fibra em detergente neutro, corrigido para cinzas e prote?na e nutrientes digestivos totais. Presume-se que pode ter ocorrido ganho compensat?rio ap?s o per?odo de adapta??o, j? que os animais adquiridos estavam passando por restri??o alimentar antes de iniciar o experimento, o qual propiciou maiores consumos e ganhos de peso. LNo experimento com animais fistulados no r?men n?o houve efeito sobre o consumo (P>0,05) de mat?ria seca, extrato et?reo, prote?na bruta e fibra em detergente neutro corrigido para cinzas e prote?na e nutrientes digestivos totais. Apesar disso, a digestibilidade apresentou decl?nio (P<0,05) em rela??o ? mat?ria seca, extrato et?reo, prote?na bruta e fibra em detergente neutro corrigido para cinzas e prote?na e nutrientes digest?veis totais e o balan?o de nitrog?nio apresentou efeito linear decrescente (P<0,05) em rela??o ? inclus?o da casca de pequi. Esse resultado deve-se, possivelmente, ? capacidade dos taninos complexarem as prote?nas, tornando-as indispon?veis. Para as caracter?sticas ruminais (pH e N-NH3), n?o houve efeito (P>0,05) entre as dietas, mas observou-se efeito quadr?tico (P<0,05) em fun??o dos tempos ap?s o trato dos animais fistulados. Conclui-se que, a utiliza??o da casca de pequi na alimenta??o de cordeiros em sistema de confinamento reduz a digestibilidade dos nutrientes e balan?o de nitrog?nio, por?m, mant?m o consumo de nutrientes, par?metros ruminais, nitrog?nio ureico no plasma sangu?neo, desempenho produtivo, rendimento de carca?a e cortes c?rneos e que, apesar das altera??es sobre os teores de prote?na e gordura da carne, estas n?o afetam as caracter?sticas f?sicas como perda de ?gua por coc??o, capacidade de reten??o de ?gua e textura. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2013. / ABSTRACT The objective to evaluate ruminal parameters, nutritional and productive due to the inclusion of different levels of pequi bark (0, 6, 12, 18, 24%) as a partial substitute for corn silage , based on dry diet. The experiment was conducted in Curvelo - MG , at the Fazenda Experimental do Moura ( UFVJM ), and the slaughters in the slaughter room, and the analyzes performed in the Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Laboratory of Technology of Animal Products, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, JK Campus - Diamantina - MG. During the experimental period the animals were fed diets containing 50 % forage and 50 % concentrate diet, with the isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets formulated to meet the requirements for maintenance and growth. Used ground corn, soybean meal, urea, ammonium sulfate and mineral mix to form the concentrate ration. To evaluate the performance 25 lambs, male, non - neutered , crossbred Santa In?s , with initial weight of 17.83 ? 1.73 kg and an average age of six months, housed in individual cages were confined. The experimental period lasted 92 days and 10 days of adaptation, two periods of 28 days and a 26 for data collection. The animals were fed ad libitum twice a day, always at 08:00 and 16:00 hours, allowing remains approximately 10%. Quantities of foods and leftovers provided for necessary adjustments and measurement of consumption were weighed daily. Digestibility trial was conducted in the middle of the second period for five consecutive days and is characterized by the total and individual collection with the aid of feces collection bags, beyond the control of supplied food and leftovers. All the ingredients of the diet, orts and feces were analyzed for dry matter, ash, ether extract, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein. Analysis of neutral detergent fiber and lignin were also performed on the samples of the diet ingredients. After the animals reached 30 kg live weight were slaughtered and evaluated carcass, meat cuts, physical and chemical characteristics of meat and weight of filled and empty guts. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with five treatments and five replication. And the results were submitted to analysis of variance and regression with a significance of 5% for type I erro, the initial weight was used as a covariate with the aid of SAS program. To evaluate the pH and N-NH3 in rumen fluid intake and digestibility of nutrients experiment was conducted using five sheep rumen, housed in individual cages, which were allotted to a latin square, composed of five periods of 13 days, seven days of adaptation and six days of data collection, totaling 65 days. The animals were fed ad libitum twice a day, always at 08:00 and 16:00 hours, allowing leftovers of approximately 10%, the digestibility assay was characterized by the total collection of feces and individual with the aid of collection bags, beyond the control of food provided and leftovers. A complete urine collection was carried out with buckets containing 100 ml of 20% sulfuric acid to quantify the amount of nitrogen excreted. Blood samples were via jugular vein puncture, four hours after the deal providing breakfast for later determination of urea present in the blood plasma. All samples of the diet ingredients, orts and feces were subjected to analysis of dry matter, ask, ether extract, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein and urine subjected to analysis of nitrogen. To measure the pH and N-NH3 sampling of rumen fluid before feeding time featuring 0h and 2h, 4h and 6h after feeding were made. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and regression with a significance of 5% for type I error, using the SAS program. At the end of the experiment the animals productive performance no effect (P>0.05) was observed for average daily gain, carcass and meat cuts. However, with the bark pequi decreased (P<0.05) amount of fat and an increase (P<0.05) for crude protein content in the meat. Increased (P<0.05) the weight of rumen - reticulum full and empty. There was no effect on intake (P>0.05) dry matter, ash , ether extract, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein and total digestive nutrients. However, reduction (P<0.05) on the digestibility of dry matter, ether extract, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein and total digestive nutrients observed. It is assumed that compensatory growth may have occurred after the adjustment period, since the animals were acquired through dietary restriction before starting the experiment, which resulted in higher consumption and weight gains. In the experiment with animals rumen had no effect on intake (P>0.05) dry matter, ether extract, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein and total digestive nutrients. Nevertheless digestibility showed a decline (P<0.05) in the dry matter, ether extract, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein and total digestible nutrients and nitrogen balance showed decreasing linear effect (P<0,05 ) regarding the pequi bark . This result is possibly the ability of tannin complexing proteins unavailable the same. For ruminal characteristics ( pH and N-NH3 ) had no effect (P>0.05) between diets, but there was a quadratic effect (P<0.05) versus time after tract of fistulated animals. Conclude that the use of the pequi bark in feeding lambs in feedlot reduces the digestibility of nutrients and nitrogen balance, however, retains the nutrient intake, ruminal fermentation, blood plasma urea nitrogen, yield performance, yield carcass and meat cuts and that despite the changes on the protein and fat from meat, they do not affect the physical characteristics such as loss of water by boiling, water holding capacity and texture.

Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-07-19T20:36:06Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) katharine_kelly_azevedo.pdf: 1197322 bytes, checksum: 47b2dff938cb953a1d3c90817b658008 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-08-22T12:59:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) katharine_kelly_azevedo.pdf: 1197322 bytes, checksum: 47b2dff938cb953a1d3c90817b658008 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T12:59:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) katharine_kelly_azevedo.pdf: 1197322 bytes, checksum: 47b2dff938cb953a1d3c90817b658008 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de n?veis crescentes de substitui??o da PB do concentrado (0, 25, 50 e 75% com base na MS) pela PB do farelo de crambe (FC) em dietas para ovinos, sobre o consumo e digestibilidade de nutrientes, par?metros ruminais, N ureico no plasma sangu?neo (NUP), excre??o urin?ria de N ureico (EUNU), balan?o de N, fluxo intestinal de N microbiano (NMIC) e efici?ncia de s?ntese de prote?na microbiana (EFIM). Foram utilizados quatro ovinos fistulados no r?men, SRD, machos, castrados, alojados em gaiolas metab?licas, com idade m?dia inicial de 18 meses e peso vivo m?dio inicial de 50 kg, distribu?dos em delineamento quadrado latino 4 x 4 (4 tratamentos e 4 per?odos). Cada per?odo foi composto de 14 dias, sendo sete dias destinados ? adapta??o dos animais ? dieta e ?s condi??es experimentais e sete dias para as coletas. As dietas foram compostas por 50% de volumoso (silagem de milho) e 50% de concentrado (%MS). Os resultados foram submetidos ? an?lise de vari?ncia e estudo de regress?o a 5% de signific?ncia, utilizando-se o programa estat?stico SAS. Foi verificado efeito linear crescente para o consumo de extrato et?reo e linear decrescente para o consumo de carboidratos n?o fibrosos corrigidos para cinzas e prote?na. Com o aumento dos n?veis de FC nas dietas observou-se redu??o na digestibilidade de todos os nutrientes avaliados, exceto para PB e EE. N?o houve efeito para o pH do l?quido ruminal, por?m para os valores de N amoniacal no l?quido ruminal foi observado efeito linear decrescente com a inclus?o do FC na dieta. Tamb?m n?o foi observado efeito das dietas para o balan?o de N e EUNU. Contudo, para a concentra??o de NUP houve efeito linear decrescente. O NMIC e EFIM apresentaram efeito linear crescente com a inclus?o do FC. De acordo com os resultados alcan?ados no presente estudo, o FC possui potencial como alimento proteico alternativo na dieta de ovinos, pois assegura consumo e utiliza??o do N semelhante a alimentos convencionais e contribui pra melhor s?ntese de prote?na microbiana. Apesar da redu??o da digestibilidade dos nutrientes com a inclus?o do FC ?s dietas, o consumo de NDT n?o foi prejudicado. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017. / The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of increasing levels of CP replacement of concentrate (0, 25, 50 and 75% based on DM) for crambe meal (CM) CP in sheep diets regarding on nutrient intake, digestibility, ruminal parameters, blood plasma urea nitrogen (NUP), urinary urea nitrogen excretion (EUNU), N balance, intestinal flow of microbial nitrogen (NMIC), and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis (EFIM). Four rumen fistulated male sheep of undefined breed, castrated, housed in metabolic cages, with initial mean age of 18 months and initial mean body weight (BW) of 50 kg, were distributed in a 4 x 4 Latin square design (4 treatments and 4 periods). Each period was composed of 14 days, seven days for the adaptation of the animals to the diet and the experimental conditions and seven days sampling. The diets were composed of 50% of roughage (corn silage) and 50% of concentrate (% MS). The results were submitted to analysis of variance and regression study at 5% of significance using the SAS statistical program. It was verified crescent linear effect for the intake of ethereal extract and linear effect decreasing for the intake of non-fibrous carbohydrates corrected for ashes and protein. It was observed a reduction of the digestibility of all the nutrients with increase of CM levels in the diets, except for PB and EE. There was no effect on the ruminal fluid pH, but it was observed linear decreasing effect for the values of ammoniacal nitrogen in the rumen according to the inclusion of the CM in the diets. It was not observed effect of diets on N balance and EUNU. However, there was a linear decreasing effect for NUP. The was in increasing linear effect on NMIC and the EFIM with the inclusion of CM. According to the results obtained in the present study, the CM has potential as an alternative protein food in the diets of sheep, because the intake and use of N is similar to conventional foods and improves the microbial protein synthesis. Even with the reduction of nutrient digestibility with the inclusion of CM in diets, the intake of TDN was not affected.