abstract: PURPOSE: Lean hypertension (HTN) is characterized by a mechanistically different HTN when compared to obese HTN. The purpose of this study is to assess whether body phenotype influences blood pressure (BP) responses following both acute and chronic exercise. METHODS: Obese (body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2) and lean (BMI < 25 kg/m2) men with pre-hypertension (PHTN) (systolic BP (SBP) 120 - 139 or diastolic BP (DBP) 80 - 89 mm Hg) were asked to participate in a two-phase trial. Phase 1 assessed differences in post-exercise hypotension between groups in response to an acute exercise bout. Phase 2 consisted of a two-week aerobic exercise intervention at 65-70% of heart rate (HR) max on a cycle ergometer. Primary outcome measures were: brachial BP, central (aortic) BP, cardiac output (CO), and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) measured acutely after one exercise session and following two weeks of training. RESULTS: There were no differences between groups for baseline resting brachial BP, central BP, age, or VO2 peak (all P > 0.05). At rest, obese PHTN had greater CO compared to lean PHTN (6.3 ± 1 vs 4.7 ± 1 L/min-1, P = 0.005) and decreased SVR compared to lean PHTN (1218 ± 263 vs 1606 ± 444 Dyn.s/cm5, P = 0.003). Average 60-minute post-exercise brachial and central SBP reduced by 3 mm Hg in Lean PHTN in response to acute exercise (P < 0.005), while significantly increasing 4 mm Hg for brachial and 3 mm Hg for central SBP (P < 0.05). SVR had a significantly greater reduction following acute exercise in lean PHTN (-223 Dyn·s/cm5) compared to obese PHTN (-75 Dyn·s/cm5, P < 0.001). In lean subjects chronic training reduced brachial BP by 4 mm Hg and central BP by 3 mm Hg but training had no effect on the BP’s in obese subjects. Resting BP reduction in response to training was accompanied by reductions in SVR within lean (-169 Dyn·s/cm5, P < 0.001), while obese experienced increased SVR following training (47 Dyn·s/cm5, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Hemodynamic response to both acute and chronic exercise training differ between obese and lean individuals. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Exercise Science 2016

IT-branschen är en av de marknader som konstant växer och krav på nya uppfinningar och innovationer är höga. Outsourcing har under en längre tid används av IT-företag för att kunna reducera kostnader för produktion och utveckling. Outsourcing är även ett bra alternativ för att erhålla expertis inom ett visst område där företag saknar erfarenhet eller resurser. Innovation är en del av företags utveckling och när hela eller delar av företagens IT-avdelningar blir outsourcade är det naturligt att även tillhörande delar av innovationsprocessen har förflyttats. Leverantören är den part som i praktiken utvecklar innovationen i outsourcingavtalet. Leverantörerna får en strikt budget och tidsram från kunden att följa för varje projekt. Innovation är kreativt, föränderligt och levande. Dessutom är innovation dyrt. Helt motsägelsefullt mot outsourcing. Leverantörer har en svår uppgift i att arbeta utifrån kundens krav och samtidigt försöka realisera innovationer. Syftet med studien är att undersöka på vilket sätt leverantörer bidrar med innovation inom outsourcing av IT.Studien har utförts med en kvalitativ fallstudiemetod. Intervjuer har genomförts med fyra olika respondenter på ett stort IT-företag som nästan helt uteslutande arbetar med outsourcing. Den största nackdelen med outsourcing är de stora kraven på kostnadsbesparing, den har en negativ inverkan på innovationen. Alla respondenter har uttryckt att de som leverantör har möjlighet att bidra med innovation men att kostnadsbesparingarna kan göra utrymmet för innovation begränsat i vissa fall. Övergången till det agila arbetssättet har hjälpt till att främja innovationsförmågan hos leverantören.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar e discutir, a partir da Psicanálise, os fundamentos da constituição da corporeidade. Além disso, pretende-se enfatizar o paradoxo como sua característica marcante: ela é psíquica e somática, intrapsíquica e intersubjetiva. É feita uma analogia entre a corporeidade e a figura de uma casa, ressaltando, novamente o elemento paradoxal: a casa é espaço de recolhimento e, simultaneamente, de abertura ao outro, ao mundo. O processo de personalização, descrito por Donald Winnicott, será aqui concebido como o paradigma da constituição da corporeidade, representado pela imagem do bebê no colo da mãe: sustentado no cuidado dela, o bebê pode elaborar imaginativamente o corpo e suas funções. O resultado disto é o sentimento de habitar o próprio corpo, marcado pela presença do outro. De acordo com Winnicott, a personalização não é algo dado, mas uma conquista do desenvolvimento emocional primitivo. Se este processo não se der de maneira satisfatória, haverá um prejuízo em relação ao estabelecimento da morada no corpo e também na relação do indivíduo com o mundo. A complementaridade fundamental entre o indivíduo e seu meio será ampliada da relação entre mãe e bebê para a relação entre indivíduo e cultura, a fim de examinar certos aspectos do contexto sócio-político na atualidade articulando-os às suas implicações no âmbito dos processos de subjetivação / The aim of this study is to investigate and discuss, from a psychoanalytical perspective, the fundamentals of the constitution of embodiement. Moreover, it intends to emphasize paradox as its hallmark: it is both psychic and somatic, intrapsychic and intersubjective. The study makes an analogy between embodiement and home, emphasizing again the paradoxical aspect: home is at the same time a place of refuge and of opening to others, to the world. The personalization process, described by Donald Winnicott, is understood here as a paradigm of the constitution of embodiement, represented by the image of a baby in its mothers lap: sustained in her care, the baby may imaginatively develop the body and its functions. The result is the feeling of inhabiting the body, marked by the presence of another. According to Winnicott, personalization is not a given, but an achievement of the primitive emocional development. If this process does not occur satisfactorily, there will be a loss in establishing the inhabiting of the body and also in the individuals relationship with the world. This study will expand the fundamental complementarity between the individual and their environment from the mother-baby relationship, to the relationship between the individual and their culture, in order to examine certain aspects of the current socio-political context, articulating them to their implications in view of subjectivation processes

O presente estudo objetiva uma leitura da obra Perto do coração selvagem, de Clarice Lispector, a partir do percurso da protagonista Joana para desentranhar a análise em direção ao estilo da autora. No primeiro plano, vislumbra-se o desamparo humano sendo revelado na história da personagem; no segundo, o drama clariceano em relação ao desamparo da linguagem/escrita. Solidão, liberdade, felicidade e desamparo definem o que se poderia chamar de tom da obra, construindo uma trama por vezes paradoxal e conflitosa. A leitura será norteada, para tanto, pela noção de desamparo sistematizada pela psicanálise. / This paper aims at a reading of the work Perto do coração selvagem of Clarice Lispector, from the journey of protagonist Joan, to unravel the analysis toward the style of the author. In the foreground, we conjecture about human helplessness being revealed in the story of the character, in the background, the clariceano drama in relation to the language/writing helplessness. Loneliness, freedom, happiness and helplessness define what might be called \"tone\" of the work, building a story thats sometimes paradoxical and conflicting. The reading will be guided, for that, by the notion of helplessness systematized by psychoanalysis.

The purpose of this dissertation is to model biosocial determinants of group-directed altruistic behavior – exploring the nomological net around it. To do this a study will be presented to determine existing associations among various biological and social predictors and test a life-history-derived causal cascade using a partially exploratory and partially confirmatory statistical technique called Sequential Canonical Analysis to ultimately predict living-donor, non-directed kidney donations (NDKD). Toward that end, some important methodological considerations first need to be discussed. The first consideration revolves around the level of analysis and how this frames the cascade model and its interpretation. Following a general discussion, an exercise in some of the general principles is provided – investigating the higher-order factor structure of the Big-5 personality constructs across two levels of analysis. The second consideration is the use of unit-weighted factor scores and their appropriateness. Following the theoretical discussion, a demonstration is provided – deriving an estimate of genetic relatedness from a set of heterogeneous data sets. Once the methodological considerations have been discussed, the primary cascade model is presented in two parts: 1) the measurement model – operationalizing the measures incorporated into 2) the structural model – testing the proposed causal cascade using Sequential Canonical Analysis. A discussion follows in which the results are summarized, limitations are articulated, and further research directions are explored.

The GINS complex (a heterotetramer of Sld5, Psf1, Psf2 and Psf3) is a highly conserved DNA replication factor required for the initiation and elongation of DNA replication. GINS is believed to associate with Cdc45 and MCM proteins on replicating DNA. The interaction between GINS and MCM is also conserved in archaea. In my thesis, I explore the subcellular localisation of the GINS complex in relation to the MCM proteins and sites of DNA replication by high-resolution confocal microscopy. For these studies, I generated and carefully validated purified rabbit polyclonal and mouse monoclonal antibodies; these show a specific staining pattern by immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. At high-resolution, all GINS antibodies produced a focal nuclear pattern, similar to that seen for the MCMs. However, confusingly, colocalisation between GINS and MCMs and between the GINS subunits themselves is poor. Investigations are continuing to understand this conundrum. Given the value of MCM proteins as specific and sensitive markers for cancer screening, I investigated whether GINS subunits also have potential diagnostic value. Sld5 and Psf3 expression is restricted to the proliferative compartment in normal tissue, but is found in the majority of cells in a wide range of dysplastic and malignant tissues, including cervix, colon and bladder. In vitro studies of tissue culture cells and cell lysates incubated in urine suggest that Sld5 protein is more stable than Mcm2 in harsh extracellular environments. In an ongoing pilot clinical study of Sld5 protein as a potential biomarker, Sld5 is readily and specifically detectable in the cellular fraction of the samples from prostate and bladder cancer patients. Work is ongoing to evaluate Sld5 protein levels in the supernatant portion of those same urine samples as an easy-to-screen diagnostic/prognostic marker for male urogenital cancers. Owing to their stability, GINS proteins hold promise as independent or complementary markers to the MCM proteins for cancer screening in harsh extracellular environments such as urine.

In his paper, The Paradoxes of Time Travel, David Lewis posits a defense for the possibility of time travel by arguing that the grandfather 'paradox' is not, in fact, paradoxical at all. Two alternative solutions to the grandfather paradox are discussed in this paper. The first is a result of Paul Horwich’s reply to Lewis and aims to pit the Lewisian conception of compatibility against Horwich’s improbability defense. Proposed by Nicholas Smith and C.G. Goddu, this theory explains that any attempt at backward time travel will lead to the creation of long strings of improbable coincidences. An alternative thesis of the multiverse is also discussed, wherein it was proposed that instead of traveling into his past, the time traveler enters an alternate, yet completely identical universe. The multiverse thesis did not stand up to any philosophical critique, and it was posited that the thesis changes the nature of the question entirely. It is evident that Lewis’ discussion of the grandfather paradox raises several fundamentally interesting philosophical questions regarding the logical and causal irregularities of changing the past. This paper aims to adress some of these questions through a metaphysical analysis of Lewis' view, backwards causality, and the nature of time itself.

Gerard Manley Hopkins' particular vision of reality derives from his intense and unique intellectual response to the fact of the Incarnation. In his view, the Incarnation so colors the world that each created thing, by virtue of its selfhood, expresses Christ. Hopkins' apprehension of the integration of the finite and infinite in all things, without the loss or diminution of either, creates his vision of a paradoxical world. The problem examined in this thesis is to what degree such a view of life is reflected in, and by, his poetry. There is no examination of purely verbal paradox, except insofar as it reflects or reveals the poet's vision of a paradoxical reality. In the investigation, Hopkins' letters, in particular, those to Robert Bridges and to Richard Watson Dixon, his early diaries, notebooks and journals, as well as his retreat notes, sermons and other devotional writings have been examined and have yielded valuable information about Hopkins' views of life and poetry. The focus of the investigation, however, has been the poems themselves. It is with these that the study was begun, and to these that it constantly returned. From that study, it became apparent that definite themes recur in Hopkins' poetry. When the poems were grouped according to theme, it was found that certain poems center on natural beauty and man's response to it; others on the idea of sacrifice; still others on the problem of suffering, and yet others on the fact of death. An examination of each of the poems in these groups revealed that Hopkins' poetry is his response and solution to the problems posed by his simultaneous awareness of the apparently contradictory elements in reality. In that group whose theme is mortal beauty emerge the paradoxes of the changing creation revealing the changeless creator, of God's simultaneous immanence in, and transcendence of, his works, and of man's consequent difficult, but necessary, response of attachment to, and detachment from, mortal beauty. From those whose theme is sacrifice emerge the paradoxes of the beauty and the merit of the good which the poet voluntarily, but with difficulty, abjures in his own life, and of the denial of self as the highest fulfilment of self. From those whose theme is the problem of suffering emerge, in one group, the paradox of the reconciliation of God's mastery and his mercy, and in another, of the poet's isolation from, and unity with, God. In the first such group, the reconciliation has been facilitated by a prior struggle and enlightenment of the poet. In the second group, the desdlate sonnets, emerges acceptance through indomitable faith, rather than reconciliation. From the final group, whose theme is death, emerges the paradox of the resurrection. This paradox bring Hopkins full circle, for, in the new life, mortal beauty has become immortal. It seems, then, that it is Hopkins' awareness of the duality of the response imposed on him by his perception of these paradoxes, and his efforts to make that response, which give to his poetry its particular tension and intensity. The poetry is the record of the poet's efforts to explain the inexplicable. Although the chronological and thematic progression of response do not always go hand in hand, in the main, they do. There is a definite progression from the poet's happy and untroubled acceptance of the mystery in "Pied Beauty", through his more difficult, yet none the less fully accepted reconciliation in "Carrion Comfort", through his anguish in the desolate sonnets, to his final ringing cry of faith in "That Nature is a Heraclitean Fire". In his relentless questionings of the mysteries inherent in his views of a paradoxical world, Hopkins refused to surrender either his intellect or his faith. His poetry testifies to both, and each enhances the other. / Arts, Faculty of / English, Department of / Graduate

The topic of spirituality and job satisfaction is of growing interest in management literature. Researchers have examined whether spirituality improves or enhances job satisfaction, productivity, retention, and reduces burnout. The findings in various studies have supported the hypothesis that there is a positive relationship between spirituality and job satisfaction. This dissertation investigated the relationship between spirituality and job satisfaction of African American, Anglo, and Hispanic Protestant clergy. The preliminary research questions for this study are: What degree do the determinants of spirituality correlate with the determinants of job satisfaction for African American, Anglo, and Hispanic protestant clergy? Is there a significant difference between the degree of spirituality and job satisfaction among protestant clergy ethnic groups (African American, Anglo, and Hispanic)? Do female clergy experience a higher level of spirituality and job satisfaction than their male counterparts? The study used a sample group of 475 participants who were full-time pastors from a mainline Protestant denomination in the United States. The research tools used to examine the relationship between spirituality and job satisfaction were the Spirituality Assessment ScaleTM, the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire, and a demographic questionnaire. The survey data was analyzed and hypotheses testing performed by using SPSS' (2009) PASW® Statistics GradPack 17.0 For Windows. The Spearman's Rho Correlation Analysis, Mann-Whitney U test, and Kruskal-Wallis One-way Analysis of Variance were the utilized in order to perform hypotheses testing. A review of the findings indicated a support for the hypothesis that there is a relationship between spirituality and job satisfaction. The findings also support the hypothesis that there is a difference (p = 0.009) in definitive spirituality when it comes to ministerial standing within the organization. Finally, the findings in this study support the hypothesis that there is a significant difference in definitive spirituality between African-American, Anglo, and Hispanic Protestant clergy (p = .000).

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間健康科学) / 甲第22389号 / 人健博第75号 / 新制||人健||5(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科人間健康科学系専攻 / (主査)教授 黒木 裕士, 教授 桂 敏樹, 教授 横出 正之 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human Health Sciences / Kyoto University / DFAM