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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
61

Um estudo de diferentes modelos constitutivos para caracterização mecânica de materiais termoplásticos submetidos à deformações finitas

Bresolin, Francisco Luiz January 2016 (has links)
A simulação numérica de componentes estmturais necessita de dados do material que são obtidos por ensaios mecânicos. Materiais não-lineares, como termoplásticos, podem apresentar em ensaios de tração estricção quando submetidos à deformações firútas. Este fenômeno normalmente ainda está associado a campos de deformações heterogêneos que possuem uma cinemática particular, se propagando ao longo do corpo. A formação e propagação da estricção podem mascarar o real comportamento mecârúco do material quando obtido por um ensaio de tração, levando o processo de caracterização da curva tensão-deformação real do material a um procedimento não-trivial. Através de um ensaio de tração de um termoplástico, dados experimentais de força e do campo de deslocamentos da região de estricção, obtido através de métodos ópticos, são utilizados em um procedimento numérico-experimental de otimização para a deternúnação dos parâmetros (FEMU) de alguns modelos constitutivos capazes de representar a tendência do comportamento de termoplásticos. De modo a estudar a capacidade representativa da resposta mecânica do ensaio, um modelo constitutivo multi linear e um modelo constitutivo variacional, são estudados. Uma função objetivo conveniente que utiliza dados experimentais e numéricos é usada para considerar a cinemática da estricção, responsável pela mudança geométrica que diferencia as respostas nonúnais e reais da curva tensão-deformação. Por meio dos resultados obtidos neste trabalho verificou-se que a caracterização dos modelos constitutivos utilizando somente a resposta de força, não garante uma caracterização constitutiva adequada, sendo necessária a resposta de deslocamento para garantir a representação da cinemática da região de estricção. / Numerical simulation of structural components requires material data obtained from mechanical testing. Nonlinear materials, like thermoplastics, submitted to tensile testing presents necking undergoing finite strain. This phenomenon is still typically associated to heterogeneous strain fields which possess a particular kinematic, propagating through the body. Necking and colddrawing may mask the actual mechanical behavior measured by a tensile testing machine, turning the real stress-strain curve characterization process into a non-trivial procedure. Through a thermoplastic tensile testing, force experimental data and displacement experimental data from the necking region, obtained by optical methods, are used in a numerical-experimental optimization procedure in order to determine the constitutive parameters (FEMU) from some constitutive models which are able to represent the thermoplastic behavior tendency. In order to study the representative capacity of the mechanical testing response, a multilinear constitutive model and a variational constitutive model, are studied. A suitable objective function which uses experimental and numerical data is used to consider the necking kinematics, responsible for geometric change that distinguishes the nominal and real responses of the stress-strain curve. Through the obtained results, it can be seen that the model parameters determination using, in addition to force, the displacement field in the objective function is necessary to represent the kinematic behavior in the necking region.
62

Identificação de parametros modais de estruturas e maquinas rotativas atraves da filtragem adaptativa / Modal parameter identification of structures and rotating machine by adaptative filter

Idehara, Sergio Junichi 27 February 2007 (has links)
Orientador: Milton Dias Junior / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T08:27:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Idehara_SergioJunichi_D.pdf: 6234443 bytes, checksum: 5071d7a2383df6369dbeaf00f65fb511 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Este trabalho consiste na investigação de algoritmos da filtragem adaptativa utilizados no contexto da identificação de parâmetros. Apesar de ainda ser uma técnica pouco explorada na engenharia mecânica, os algoritmos adaptativos, com destaque para o método dos mínimos quadrados recursivo e mínimos quadrados com decomposição QR, podem ser implementados na prática com base na equação diferencial de segunda ordem para a caracterização dos parâmetros modais. A partir dessa colocação, esse estudo tem como objetivo compreender como se dá a dinâmica de estruturas e máquinas rotativas. Muitas vezes, ao se executar uma análise em campo, depara-se com a situação em que as máquinas da planta não podem ter seu funcionamento interrompido. Dessa forma, ao realizar medições nestes equipamentos ou nas estruturas ao redor, adquirem-se também componentes de vibrações desconhecidas provenientes da operação destas máquinas. Nesse sentido, a metodologia desenvolvida apresenta contribuição em duas áreas distintas. Primeiramente, ela permite realizar a análise modal experimental de estruturas mesmo com a presença de excitação harmônica desconhecida nas medições, necessitando, para isto, apenas conhecer a freqüência instantânea da harmônica. Na visão da dinâmica de rotores, por outro lado, a metodologia possibilita a identificação dos parâmetros modais do sistema com este operando em uma condição não-estacionária, por exemplo, durante a partida ou parada da máquina, bastando que se conheça a rotação da mesma. Os resultados apontam para uma boa precisão da estimativa das freqüências naturais e dos modos de vibrar, mesmo quando há variação temporal dos parâmetros modais. As análises numéricas e experimentais revelam uma maior dificuldade de identificar o fator de amortecimento, principalmente quando o sinal é malcondicionado. Dentre as várias características destes métodos destaca-se a possibilidade de determinar os parâmetros modais em tempo-real / Abstract: This work investigates the use of adaptive filters for parameter identification. Although adaptive algorithms are still rarely utilized in the mechanical engineering field, the recursive least square and recursive least square with QR decomposition methods can be implemented based on the second ordinary differential equations in order to characterize the modal parameters. With this in mind, this study seeks to understand structure and rotating machine dynamics. In many case, when performing field analysis, it is common to face the situation where it is impossible to stop some critical equipments. In this case, all measurements performed on these equipments and the neighboring structures will be corrupted by the harmonic noise generated during the operation of these machines. In this direction, the proposed methodology contributes to the solution of this problem in two distinct ways. First, this approach can handle with measurements coming from experimental modal analysis of structures even when they are corrupted by harmonic noise. The only information needed is the instantaneous frequency of this noise. For rotor dynamics, on the other hand, the methodology allows the identification of the modal parameters of the system while this is operating in non-stationary condition, for example, during start-up or shut-down. In this case the measurement of the rotational speed is also required. The results suggest that the natural frequency and the vibration modes are precisely estimated, even for time varying systems. The numerical and experimental analysis reveals difficulty on the identification of the damping factor, especially when the signal is poorly conditioned. Amongst the nice characteristics of these methods, maybe one of the most interesting is the possibility to extract modal parameters in realtime / Doutorado / Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico / Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica
63

Polimerização de eteno em altas pressões e temperaturas utilizando catalisadores níquel-alfa-diimina

Martini, Denise dos Santos January 2005 (has links)
O complexo 1,4-bis(2,6-diisopropilfenil)-acenaftenodiimina-dicloroníquel(II) (1), em combinação com metilaluminoxano (MAO) foi utilizado para polimerizar eteno utilizando altas pressões e temperaturas. Foram investigados os efeitos da pressão de eteno, da temperatura, do tempo de reação e da quantidade de catalisador bem como, as propriedades dos polietilenos sintetizados. Os polietilenos obtidos com o sistema (1)/MAO foram altamente ramificados. As ramificações variaram de metil até hexil ou até mais longas, sem adição de comonômero. Os polietilenos não apresentaram metilas isoladas, apresentando uma grande quantidade de metilas 1,4, metilas 1,5 e metilas 1,6 e cadeias longas. A presença de ramificações foi devido ao mecanismo denominado chain-walking. Os valores de ramificações nos PE foram maiores que 105 e menores que 277 ramificações/1000C. O aumento do número de ramificações foi devido ao aumento na temperatura de polimerização e uma diminuição da pressão de eteno. Os PE obtidos com o sistema (1)/MAO apresentaram peso molecular (Mw) elevado entre 44.000 e 105.000 Daltons e valores de polidispersão de 2,0 a 4,0, dependendo das condições reacionais. O peso molecular dos polímeros diminuiu com o aumento da temperatura de polimerização. / The combination of 1,4-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-acenaphthenediiminedichloronickel( II) (1) and methylaluminoxane (MAO) was highly active in ethylene polymerization under high pressures and temperatures. Herein we investigated the effects of ethylene pressure, reaction temperature, reaction time and amount of catalyst on polymer properties and reaction performance. The polyethylenes obtained with 1/MAO are highly branched. The branches goes from methyl to hexyl or even longer, and this without comonomer addition. These polyethylenes obtained do not shows isolated methyl groups, but shows 1,4-methyl, 1,5 and 1,6 methyl patterns. The branching was due to the so-called chain-walking mechanism. The branch content, which is in the range 105 to 277 branches/1000 C, increased with the temperature rising or the ethylene concentration decrease. The polyethylenes produced with these system have molecular weight between 44.000 and 105.000 Daltons and polydispersions from 2,0 to 4,0 depending on the reactions conditions. The polymer molecular weight tended to decrease with increasing polymerization temperature.
64

Modelagem e identificação de parâmetros hidrodinâmicos de um veículo robótico submarino. / Modelling and Identification of hydrodynamic parameters of an underwater robotic vehicle.

Juan Pablo Julca Avila 17 October 2008 (has links)
Esta tese apresenta um procedimento de identificação experimental de coeficientes hidrodinâmicos de veículos submarinos não tripulados. Apresenta-se o desenvolvimento de uma plataforma experimental para pesquisas em dinâmica, controle e navegação de veículos submarinos. A plataforma experimental inclui: 1) um veículo submarino não tripulado semi-autônomo do tipo estrutura-aberta chamado de LAURS, 2) um sistema multissensorial e multipropulsores para o controle de movimento, e 3) software e arquitetura de controle para a aquisição de dados dos sensores e o controle de movimento. A fim de deduzir as equações do movimento dinâmico do LAURS, apresenta-se a formulação geral das equações hidrodinâmicas não lineares de um veículo submarino com seis graus de liberdade. A partir destas equações gerais acopladas, são deduzidos modelos mais simples para um grau de liberdade (movimento unidirecional) e três graus de liberdade (movimento planar) do veículo. O método de estimação de parâmetros utilizado neste trabalho não requer medidas de aceleração e é baseado na aplicação da técnica dos mínimos quadrados à forma integral das equações dinâmicas do sistema. O procedimento de identificação proposto é baseado na informação dos sensores embarcados. Primeiramente, os coeficientes de arrasto são obtidos a partir de testes de velocidade constante e depois, fixando os coeficientes de arrasto do modelo matemático com estes valores obtidos, são identificados a inércia virtual e os coeficientes de acoplamento a partir de testes de velocidade variável. Nos testes de velocidade variável são aplicadas entradas de força do tipo senoidal. Apresentam-se os valores dos coeficientes hidrodinâmicos para os movimentos de avanço, deriva, arfagem, guinada e caturro do veículo, os quais foram obtidos usando o procedimento de identificação proposto. O desempenho dos modelos dinâmicos identificados é quantitativamente comparado ao movimento do veículo observado experimentalmente. Para o caso dos testes de velocidade constante em avanço e arfagem, foi feita uma comparação dos valores dos coeficientes obtidos usando a abordagem de identificação de sistemas com os dados obtidos a partir dos ensaios de reboque em tanque de provas. Os resultados obtidos validam o procedimento de identificação proposto. Além disso, são apresentados os resultados experimentais obtidos a partir de manobras do tipo zig-zag e é feita uma discussão da identificabilidade de coeficientes de modelos acoplados. Conclui-se que o procedimento de identificação proposto é eficaz na obtenção de valores reais (consistentes com a concepção física do veículo) para os coeficientes hidrodinâmicos de veículos submarinos. A fim de modelar a força hidrodinâmica que atua no veículo em avanço com movimento oscilatório e amplitudes menores do que um comprimento característico, são apresentados os resultados dos ensaios de oscilação forçada usando um mecanismo de movimento planar (MMP). Apresentam-se os valores dos coeficientes de arrasto e de inércia obtidos a partir dos ensaios em avanço no MMP para diferentes números de Keulegan-Carpenter. Os resultados mostram que os coeficientes de arrasto e de inércia para a faixa de velocidades de 0,1 até 0,8m/s dependem fortemente do número de Keulegan-Carpenter e não do número de Reynolds. A partir destes resultados, conclui-se que a amplitude da oscilação do veículo é o principal fator que causa a variação dos coeficientes hidrodinâmicos e não a velocidade do veículo. / In this work, a procedure for experimental identification of hydrodynamic coefficients of unmanned underwater vehicles is presented. At first, the development of a testbed for research on dynamics, control, and navigation of underwater vehicles is presented. This experimental platform includes: 1) a open-frame semi-autonomous unmanned underwater vehicle named LAURS, 2) a multi-sensorial and multi-thruster system for motion control, and 3) software and control architecture for sensor data logging and motion control. In order to derive the LAURS dynamic motion equations, the general formulation of the nonlinear hydrodynamic equations of motion of an underwater vehicle with six degree of freedom is initially presented. From these general coupled equations, simpler formulations with one (unidirectional movement) and three degrees of freedom (planar movement) are derived. The parameter estimation method does not require acceleration measurements and is based on the application of the least squares technique to the integral form of the system dynamic equations. The identification procedure is based on on-board sensor data. First the drag coefficients are obtained from constant velocity tests and afterwards, fixing the drag coefficients in the mathematical model with the obtained values, virtual inertia and coupling coefficients of the vehicle are identified from variable velocity tests. In the tests of variable velocity, sinusoidal force inputs are applied. Values of hydrodynamic coefficients for surge, sway, heave, yaw, and pitch motions are estimated using the proposed identification procedure. Performance of the identified dynamic models is quantitatively compared to the experimentally observed vehicle motion. In the case of constant velocity tests, for the surge and heave motions, comparisons of the hydrodynamic drag coefficient values obtained using the system identification method with data obtained from towing tank tests are presented. Obtained results corroborate for the feasibility of the proposed identification method. Moreover, experimental results obtained from zig-zag maneuvers are presented and the identifiability of coupled dynamic models is discussed. It is possible to conclude that using the proposed method actual hydrodynamic parameters might be estimated. In order to model the hydrodynamic force that acts on the vehicle, in surge motion, with oscillatory movements and with amplitudes that are smaller than or equal to the characteristic length of the LAURS, results of forced oscillation tests in a planar motion mechanism (PMM) are presented. The drag and inertia coefficient values obtained from surge motion tests in the PMM for different Keulegan-Carpenter numbers are presented and discussed. Results illustrates that drag and inertia coefficients, when the vehicle velocity is in the range of 0,1 and 0,8m/s, do not strongly depend on the Reynolds number, however, they are strongly dependent on the Keulegan-Carpenter number. In this context, we can conclude that the oscillation amplitude is the main factor that causes the variation of hydrodynamic coefficients and not the vehicle velocity.
65

Simulační modelování bezpilotního letounu / Fixed-wing UAV simulation modeling

Příleský, Libor January 2014 (has links)
Nowadays number of UAVs is still increasing. If we want to design their autopilot system, we need a simulation model to test and tune our autopilot design. This thesis is about creating such model fo small fixed wing UAV. This thesis contain information how to create the model, which equations to use and what various parameters mean. One of the possibilities is parameter identification from measured data. In later part of this paper is a small research of this topic and implementation of two of them. Virtual model, which is obtained at the end of this work, accomplished its primary goal and was used to initial autopilot design. Implemented identification methods worked as well, but we didn't succeed in upgrading the model parameters due to the defects during the data measurement.
66

Identification paramétrique sur moyens industriels du comportement thermomécanique en forgeage à chaud / Parameter identification of thermomechanical behavior in hot foring with industrial means

Venet, Gabriel 09 December 2019 (has links)
L’objectif principale de cette thèse est de procéder à une identification paramétrique d’un modèle rhéologique de matériau métallique à chaud en utilisant des données expérimentales issues d’une presse industrielle. Dans le premier chapitre, le principe de l’identification paramétrique est exposé. Des essais de compressions uniaxiale faites sur machine d’essais spécialisés y servent alors comme cas d’étude. Les notions de choix de la fonction-coût, du plan d’expérience et du modèle y sont alors abordées ainsi qu’une analyse de sensibilité. Le chapitre suivant présente l’outillage utilisé pour faire les expériences sur presse. Enfin, une évaluation des échanges thermiques et des frottements que subis la pièce lors de l’essai est faite. Le troisième chapitre se concentre sur l’identification paramétrique proprement dite. Ainsi, des simulations par élément fini de la compression sont faites et comparées aux essais expérimentaux. Les résultats de l’identification sont discutés et comparés à ce que proposait initialement la base de données du logiciel FORGE® ainsi que les paramètres identifiés pour le même matériau au chapitre 1. Une simulation d’une pièce complexe avec ces différents jeux de paramètres est ensuite comparée avec le forgeage réel de cette pièce. Le quatrième chapitre reprend les acquis du troisième en faisant une identification paramétrique pour la rhéologie d’Inconel 625. Une tentative d’identification d’un modèle de microstructure pour l’Inconel à partir d’essais industriel termine ce manuscrit. / The main objective of this thesis is to identify the parameters of a hot metal rheology model by using experimental data from an industrial press. In the first chapter, the principle of parameter identification is exposed. Uniaxial compression testing done on specialized devices serves as a case study. The notions of cost function, experimental design and rheological model are examined. A sensitivity analysis is also performed. The next chapter present the experimental tools used on the industrial press. Finally, the friction and thermal exchange that will happen during the tests are evaluated. The third chapter is about the inverse analysis on industrial press. Finite elements modelling of the compression is made and compared with the experiments. The identification results are then compared with the FORGE® software database and the material parameters found in chapter 1. A complex part is then simulated with these different parameters and compared with a real forging of this part. The fourth chapter uses the same methods as in chapter 3 to perform an identification on the rheological parameters of an Inconel 625. A microstructural model for the Inconel is then identified with industrial testing as reference.
67

Spatio-temporal mathematical models of insect trapping : analysis, parameter estimation and applications to control

Dufourd, Claire Chantal January 2016 (has links)
This thesis provides a mathematical framework for the development of efficient control strategies that satisfy the charters of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) which aims to maintain pest population at a low impact level. This mathematical framework is based on a dynamical system approach and comprises the construction of mathematical models, their theoretical study, the development of adequate schemes for numerical solutions and reliable procedures for parameter identification. The first output of this thesis is the construction of trap-insect spatio-temporal models formulated via advection-diffusion-reaction processes. These models were used to simulate numerically trapping to compare with field data. As a result, practical protocols were identified to estimate pest-population size and distribution as well as its dispersal capacity and parameter values related to the attractiveness of the traps. The second major output of this thesis is the prediction of the impact of a specific control method: mating disruption using a female pheromone and trapping. A compartmental model, formulated via a system of ordinary differential equations, was built based on biological and mating behaviour knowledge of the pest. The theoretical analysis of the model yields threshold values for the dosage of the pheromone above which extinction of the population is ensured. The practical relevance of the results obtained in this thesis shows that mathematical modelling is an essential supplement to experiments in optimizing control strategies. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / Mathematics and Applied Mathematics / PhD / Unrestricted
68

Towards Identification of Effective Parameters in Heterogeneous Media

Johansson, David January 2020 (has links)
In this thesis we study a parameter identification problem for a stationary diffusion equation posed in heterogeneous media. This problem is closely related to the Calderón problem with anisotropic conductivities. The anisotropic case is particularly difficult and is ill-posed both in regards to uniqueness of solution and stability on the data. Since the present problem is posed in heterogeneous media, we can take advantage of multiscale modelling and the tools of homogenization theory in the study of the inverse problem, unlike the original Calderón problem. We investigate the possibilities of combining the theory of the Calderón problem with homogenization theory in order to obtain a well-posed parameter identification. We find that homogenization theory indeed can be used to make progress towards a well-posed identification of the diffusion coefficient. The success of the method is, however, dependent both on the precise structure of the heterogeneous media and on the modelling of the measurements in the invese problem framework. We have in mind a particular problem formulation which is motivated by an experiment to determine effective coefficients of materials used in food packaging. This experiment comes with a set of requirements on both the heterogeneous media and on the method for making measurements that, unfortunately, are in conflict with the currently available results for well-posedness. We study also an optimization approach to solving the inverse problem under these application specific requirements. Some progress towards well-posedness of the optimization problem is made by proving existence of minimizer, again with homogenization theory playing a key role in obtaining the result. In a proof-of-concept computational study this optimization approach is implemented and compared to two other optimization problems. For the two tested heterogeneous media, the only optimization method that manages to identify reasonably well the diffusion coefficient is the one which makes use of homogenization theory.
69

Probabilistic Approaches to Optimization of Steel Structures Considering Uncertainty / 不確定性を考慮した鋼構造物の確率的最適化手法

DO, KIM BACH 23 March 2023 (has links)
京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第24575号 / 工博第5081号 / 新制||工||1973(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科建築学専攻 / (主査)教授 大崎 純, 教授 池田 芳樹, 准教授 藤田 皓平 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM
70

Deposition Thickness Modeling and Parameter Identification for Spray Assisted Vacuum Filtration Process in Additive Manufacturing

Mark, August 01 January 2015 (has links)
To enhance mechanical and/or electrical properties of composite materials used in additive manufacturing, nanoparticles are often time deposited to form nanocomposite layers. To customize the mechanical and/or electrical properties, the thickness of such nanocomposite layers must be precisely controlled. A thickness model of filter cakes created through a spray assisted vacuum filtration is presented in this paper, to enable the development of advanced thickness controllers. The mass transfer dynamics in the spray atomization and vacuum filtration are studied for the mass of solid particles and mass of water in differential areas, and then the thickness of a filter cake is derived. A two-loop nonlinear constrained optimization approach is used to identify the unknown parameters in the model. Experiments involving depositing carbon nanofibers in a sheet of paper are used to measure the ability of the model to mimic the filtration process.

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