A modelagem de geometrias da natureza pode ser um processo complexo devido ás características orgânicas dos elementos. Propõe-se com essa dissertação identificar geometrias espaciais que sigam o padrão de crescimento espiral observado na natureza, utilizando as Tecnologias 3D como ferramentas para o processo de projeto. Para a execução do trabalho foram investigadas os Métodos de Biônica, Crescimento Espiral e a Sequência de Fibonacci, Engenharia Reversa e Design Paramétrico. O processo de representação dos elementos foi realizado em conformidade com a Metodologia para o Desenvolvimento de Produtos Baseados no Estudo da Biônica com o acréscimo das tecnologias de digitalização tridimensional e de processamento de nuvem de pontos, complementado pela parametrização de superfícies à base de curvas. Foram utilizados três processos para modelagem de curvas paramétricas representadas (i) pelo desenho de linhas sobre a malha digitalizada em 3D, (ii) por programação visual no software Grasshopper e (iii) por programação com scripts Python. Foi avaliada como melhor alternativa para o Design Paramétrico a utilização da programação visual otimizada com a programação por scripts, a qual apresentou melhor aproximação entre as curvas analisadas. Estudos de casos realizados com elementos da natureza (abacaxi e pinha) demonstraram a viabilização do método. Desta maneira a sistematização do conhecimento permitirá a proposição de um modelo paramétrico baseado na Biônica para fase inicial de inspiração e concepção de alternativas do projeto de produto. / Modeling the geometries of nature can be a complex process due to the organic characteristics of the elements. It is proposed with this dissertation to identify spatial geometries that follow the pattern of spiral growth observed in nature, using 3D Technologies as tools for the design process. For the execution of the work were investigated the Bionics, Spiral Growth and Fibonacci Sequence, Reverse Engineering and Parametric Design. The process of representation of the elements was carried out in accordance with the Methodology for the Development of Products Based on the Study of the Bionics with the addition of the technologies of three-dimensional digitization and processing of cloud of points, complemented by the parameterization of surfaces based on curves. Three methods were used for modeling parametric curves represented by (i) the drawing of lines on the 3D scanned mesh, (ii) by visual programming in the Grasshopper software and (iii) by programming with Python scripts. It was evaluated as the best alternative for Parametric Design the use of optimized visual programming with programming by scripts, which presented better approximation between the analyzed curves. Case studies carried out with nature elements (pineapple and pine cone) demonstrated the viability of the method. In this way the systematization of the knowledge will allow the proposition of a parametric model based on the Bionics for the initial phase of inspiration and design of alternatives of the product design.

A modelagem de geometrias da natureza pode ser um processo complexo devido ás características orgânicas dos elementos. Propõe-se com essa dissertação identificar geometrias espaciais que sigam o padrão de crescimento espiral observado na natureza, utilizando as Tecnologias 3D como ferramentas para o processo de projeto. Para a execução do trabalho foram investigadas os Métodos de Biônica, Crescimento Espiral e a Sequência de Fibonacci, Engenharia Reversa e Design Paramétrico. O processo de representação dos elementos foi realizado em conformidade com a Metodologia para o Desenvolvimento de Produtos Baseados no Estudo da Biônica com o acréscimo das tecnologias de digitalização tridimensional e de processamento de nuvem de pontos, complementado pela parametrização de superfícies à base de curvas. Foram utilizados três processos para modelagem de curvas paramétricas representadas (i) pelo desenho de linhas sobre a malha digitalizada em 3D, (ii) por programação visual no software Grasshopper e (iii) por programação com scripts Python. Foi avaliada como melhor alternativa para o Design Paramétrico a utilização da programação visual otimizada com a programação por scripts, a qual apresentou melhor aproximação entre as curvas analisadas. Estudos de casos realizados com elementos da natureza (abacaxi e pinha) demonstraram a viabilização do método. Desta maneira a sistematização do conhecimento permitirá a proposição de um modelo paramétrico baseado na Biônica para fase inicial de inspiração e concepção de alternativas do projeto de produto. / Modeling the geometries of nature can be a complex process due to the organic characteristics of the elements. It is proposed with this dissertation to identify spatial geometries that follow the pattern of spiral growth observed in nature, using 3D Technologies as tools for the design process. For the execution of the work were investigated the Bionics, Spiral Growth and Fibonacci Sequence, Reverse Engineering and Parametric Design. The process of representation of the elements was carried out in accordance with the Methodology for the Development of Products Based on the Study of the Bionics with the addition of the technologies of three-dimensional digitization and processing of cloud of points, complemented by the parameterization of surfaces based on curves. Three methods were used for modeling parametric curves represented by (i) the drawing of lines on the 3D scanned mesh, (ii) by visual programming in the Grasshopper software and (iii) by programming with Python scripts. It was evaluated as the best alternative for Parametric Design the use of optimized visual programming with programming by scripts, which presented better approximation between the analyzed curves. Case studies carried out with nature elements (pineapple and pine cone) demonstrated the viability of the method. In this way the systematization of the knowledge will allow the proposition of a parametric model based on the Bionics for the initial phase of inspiration and design of alternatives of the product design.

O propósito deste trabalho foi o de elaborar uma metodologia de projeto de embarcações pesqueiras como alternativa ao processo clássico baseado na seqüência da \"Espiral de Projetos\". A metodologia proposta faz uso de um algoritmo de otimização que tem como finalidade automatizar cada uma das etapas e aperfeiçoar o resultado final mediante a busca, dentro do espaço de soluções viáveis (chamadas de soluções satisfatórias), da solução \"ótima\", ou seja, a melhor solução para uma determinada condição. Devido ao fato de cada zona de pesca ter suas características particulares no que diz respeito a condições ambientais (altura das ondas e força do vento), arte de pesca desenvolvida na região e normas impostas pela Autoridade Marítima, foi feita, em particular, uma aplicação ao caso da pesca no litoral peruano, pois foram consideradas no desenvolvimento do trabalho peculiaridades e dados que estão presentes nesta região. Neste sentido, desenvolveu-se um programa automatizado e otimizado baseado em uma seqüência de cálculos que permite projetar, a partir dos requisitos do armador, as características de uma embarcação pesqueira que cumpre um conjunto de restrições impostas e que atende ao objetivo desejado, ou seja, a embarcação que represente, através dessas características, a melhor solução possível para uma função de mérito ou função objetivo imposta. Desta forma, utilizando a técnica da parametrização de embarcações semelhantes, assim como métodos conhecidos para cálculo de características e atributos associados a navios pesqueiros, e também um algoritmo matemático de busca, demonstrou-se que é possível projetar uma embarcação pesqueira, do tipo de cerco, a partir dos requisitos do armador, com bons resultados, em períodos curtos de tempo e dentro das margens esperadas em etapas preliminares de projeto. / The purpose of this work was to develop a methodology for a fishing vessel design as alternative to the classic process based on the sequence of the \"Design Spiral.\" The proposed methodology use an optimization algorithm that aims to automate each one of the stages of the design and to improve the final result by the search, among the space of viable solutions (calls of satisfactory solutions), of the optimal solution, in other words, to find the best solution for a determined condition. Due to different characteristics of each fishing area such as: environmental conditions (height of the waves and wind intensity), the fishing gear used in the region and the rules established by the local Maritime Authority, this tool contemplates specific applications to fishing in the Peruvian coasts. Therefore, the development of this tool considered the corresponding data available for the region and the particularities unique to this fishing ground. In this context, an automated and optimized program was created based on a sequence of calculations, allowing to project, under the owner\'s requirements, fitting the characteristics of a fishing vessel that contemplates the imposed restrictions while achieving the overall objective. In other words, the resulting vessel will achieve, through these characteristics, the best possible solution in terms of functionality and desired requirements. Therefore, using the parametric technique of similar vessels, as well as known methods for the calculation of characteristics and associated attributes for fishing vessels and the use of a search mathematical algorithm, it was demonstrated that it is possible to design a fishing vessel of the seiner type, from the requirements of the owner, with good results, in few periods of time and within expected rates in preliminary stages of the project.

Os rebocadores portuários desempenham funções essenciais de assistência a navios nas operações de atracação, desatracação e navegação em aguas portuárias. Eles são equipamentos fundamentais para garantir a segurança das operações e a eficiência dos serviços portuários, contribuindo para a competitividade do porto. Com o crescimento do comercio mundial e, em particular, do Brasil, diversos portos vêm realizando a atualização e renovação das suas frotas de rebocadores para atendimento das demandas atuais. Neste trabalho apresenta-se um modelo de síntese e otimização multi-objetivo para o projeto de rebocadores portuários para ser aplicado na etapa de concepção. Nesta etapa os projetistas devem realizar a exploração mais ampla possível do espaço das potenciais soluções, na busca das melhores possíveis. O modelo de síntese foi formulado a partir de equações empíricas obtidas com base em informações extraídas de bancos de dados de rebocadores, e de estimativas de desempenho propostas por diferentes autores. Em seguida foi acoplado a um algoritmo genético para otimização da capacidade de reboque e do porte da embarcação. Os resultados da otimização para o projeto de três tipos de rebocadores mostraram que o modelo foi capaz de gerar soluções com desempenho melhor ou igual aos rebocadores já construídos. Esta otimização visou maximização da capacidade de reboque e a minimização do porte dos rebocadores. Os valores dos parâmetros que descrevem as soluções, que formaram a fronteira de Pareto deste processo de otimização multi-objetivo, encontram-se dentro daqueles normalmente encontrados em rebocadores existentes. Os resultados mostraram que o modelo de síntese é uma ferramenta capaz de auxiliar e facilitar as atividades das etapas iniciais do projeto de rebocadores. / The harbor tugs play essential assistance functions to vessels in docking and undocking operations, and navigation on port waters. They are an essential equipment to guarantee safe operations and efficiency in port services, contributing to the competitiveness of the port. With the growth of world trade, particularly in Brazil, several ports have been upgrading and renovating their tugs fleet to meet today\'s demands. This study presents a synthesis and multi-objective optimization model for harbor tugboats project to be applied at the design stage, in which the designers must exploit the entire potential solutions space to achieve the best possible one. The synthesis model was formulated by empirical equations based on information extracted from tugboats databases and performance estimates proposed by different authors. It was then coupled to a genetic algorithm to optimize the towing capability and the vessel size. The results of optimization for the design of three types of tugs showed that the model was able to generate solutions with better or equal performance to tugboats ever built. This optimization aimed at maximizing the towing capacity and minimizing the size of the tugs. The values of the parameters that describe solutions, which formed the Pareto front of this multi-objective optimization process, are within those usually found in existing tugboats. The results showed that the synthesis model is a tool capable of assisting and facilitating the early stages activities of the tugs project.

I detta kandidatexamensarbete framställdes ettberäkningsverktyg för ett gravitationsfundament. Ettgravitationsfundament förankrar vindkraftverk i jordoch utnyttjar sin egentyngd för att hålla sig på plats.Syftet med arbetet var att ta fram ett beräkningsverktygsom senare kan användas vid optimering. Målet medarbetet var att implementera fyra kontrollpunkter iberäkningsverktyget som sätter grunden fördimensionering av ett gravitationsfundament.Kontrollpunkterna består av 1) stjälpning, 2) marktryck,3) glidning och vridning samt 4) rotationsstyvhet.Arbetet baserades på parametrisk design vilket är endatadriven process som möjliggör att programmeravisuellt. Ett delmål var att visa möjligheten attmodellera gravitationsfundament parametriskt medhjälp av parametrisk design. Rhinoceros är ett programför ytmodellering som med hjälp av plug-inprogrammet Grasshopper användes vid framtagning avberäkningsverktyget. Grasshopper möjliggör attprogrammera visuellt och parametrisera geometrier. Enfördjupning över hur gravitationsfundamentdimensioneras med hänsyn på de fyrakontrollpunkterna utfördes. Kontrollpunkternaimplementerades i Grasshopper. Arbetet resulterade iett beräkningsverktyg och visar att det går attparametrisera ett gravitationsfundament. / n this bachelor's thesis, a calculation tool for a gravityfoundation was produced. A gravity foundationanchors wind turbines in the ground and uses its ownweight to stay in place. The purpose of the work was todevelop a calculation tool that can later be used foroptimization. The aim of the work was to implementfour control points in the calculation tool that lay thefoundation for dimensioning of a gravitationalfoundation. The control points consist of 1) safetyagainst overturning, 2) ground pressure, 3) sliding andtorsion and 4) rotational stiffness. The work was basedon parametric design, which is a data-driven processthat makes it possible to program visually. Anintermediate goal was to show the possibility ofmodeling gravity foundations parametrically with thehelp of parametric design. Rhinoceros is a program forsurface modeling that was used with the help of theplug-in program Grasshopper in the development ofthe calculation tool. Grasshopper makes it possible toprogram visually and parameterize geometries. An in-depth study of how gravitational foundations aredimensioned with regard to the four control points wasperformed. The control points were implemented inGrasshopper. The work resulted in a calculation tooland shows that it is possible to parameterize a gravityfoundation.

The design of air conditioning unit is based on combination of the product itself and related architecture. The large-scale 3D printing is becoming more and more popular, that is why this thesis chose additive manufacturing robotic technology for designing the air conditioner. According to analysis the air distribution through perforations is the most convenient one for an indoor unit. An outdoor unit tends to be hidden because of inhomogeneity with the building. To obtain more variant studies for the design a generative process was applied. This method was applied also later on, because additive manufacturing is able to easily change dimension parameters and thus fulfil individual customer requests. Other advantages of robotic printing are the lattice structures that enable perforation manufacturing without waste and the possibility of using generative design methods.

Flykt i hög hastighet genom stadens raviner och klipplandskap, i en hängande berg-och-dalbanevagn med fötterna dinglande över stadslivet påverkas stadsuppfattningen av det visuella flödet. Hela tiden växlande g-krafter, ett lätt sommarregn och vinden i håret gör stadsupplevelsen fysisk på riktigt. Stockholms landmärken är välbekanta, där de glider i och ur synfältet, men ändå inte. Folk på marken tittar på dig, skrattar. Där! Visst var det din gamla fysiklärare i gathörnet? Borta! Projektet beskriver en berg-och-dalbana i Stockholms City. Banan förbinder Sergels Torg med Stureplan via loopar och svängar över tak, mellan hus, i gränder, över Kungsgatan och stannar till på ett par andra platser. Syftet är flerfaldigt; erbjuda en för storstäder unik typ av sightseeing, skapa möjlighet till den hisnande omedelbara glädjen som bara kan uppstå när kroppen utsätts för kontrollerade g-krafter, vara ett dekorativt slingrande fackverk med organiska stolpar i en hård stadsmiljö och frigöra de krafter som kan uppstå när människan möter staden på ett oväntat sätt. Som en del av projektet har ett flertal digitala verktyg utvecklats för att formge, analysera och simulera en rolig och njutbar berg-och-dalbanefärd. För generering av strukturens form, utifrån åkturens och stadens förutsättningar. För visualiseringar med planer, sektioner, animationer, bl.a. annat via kopplingar till karttjänster på internet. / Flying along the city canyons at high velocity, sitting in an inverted coaster car with feet dangling above the street life, the optical flow alters your visual perception of the city. Constantly changing g-forces, a light rain and the wind in your hair makes the city experience physical. The landmarks of Stockholm are recognized as they enter and exit your field of view, but they feel different. People look at you, laughing. There! Wasn’t that your old physics teacher at the street corner? Gone! The project describes a roller coaster in the CBD of Stockholm, Sweden. The circuit connects Sergels Torg with Stureplan, going through loops and turns, over roofs, between facades, into alleys, along Kungsgatan, making stops at a couple of other places. The purpose is manifold; to provide a unique type of city sightseeing, create an opportunity to experience the specific and immediate happiness that only an abundance of controlled g-forces can give you, to be a decorative, clinging and surprising space truss with organic steel pylons in an otherwise hard city environment, and to release the powers that can ignite, when people get to meet the city in unexpected ways. Part of the project has been the development of a digital toolset to design, analyse and simulate a fun and pleasant roller coaster ride, to generate the geometry of the space truss and pylons, based on the needs of the ride and the city, and to generate plan drawings, sections, animations and connections to geographic data services on the internet.

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The interest of timber structures has in recent years increased, primarily due tothe environmental benets of timber. This has created an increased demand forstructural engineers with timber expertise. At the same time the concept of structuralparametric design have become more popular. This new way of working withdesigns enables for architects and engineers to explore dierent geometries in earlystages of a project. However, the combination of a parametric workow and timberdesign have so far been limited due to the complexity of the material.This thesis aims to create an parametric workow within the visual programmingenvironment Grasshopper. This enables analysis of structural design simultaneouslywith a cross sectional and topological optimization of timber structures. The structuralanalysis is performed with Karamba which is a plug-in tool to the Grasshopperenvironment. The design verication based on Eurocode EN-1995 have been manuallyscripted in python components. The parametric model have been applied to acase where the main bearing bearing of a glass roof is to be designed. Three dierentgeometries have been evaluated with regard to cross sectional dimensions andgeometrical shape.The framework with a truss turned out to be a preferable design if only consideringweight, deection and utilization. The truss frame provides the lowest weight and thesecond smallest displacement. Furthermore, a comparison of the structural analysisand design have been performed with the FEM-program Robot. The compassionshow similar results, increasing the reliability of the Grasshopper model and theresults from this tool. It conrms it is possible to perform generative design oftimber structures within the same interface.The Grasshopper model is limited and can not handle all variations of 2D timberstructures. The complexity and variation of such calculations in conjunction with theEurocode have not been implemented during the time-span of this thesis. However,it is general within the limitations of the case study meaning a variety of framegeometries can be evaluated.