My project explores the possibilities of shaping space using lightweight textile-based elements. The focus is on the transformation of surface patterns into three-dimensional forms, using analogue parametric design with laser-cut beds as a main testbed. The result is a smorgasbord of prototypes: spatial configurations that divide and define space. Each design is a permeable three-dimensional form that projects a unique pattern of shadow and light. The basis of my project comes from an initial investigation of Uppsala public libraries’ needs for flexible solutions. The libraries have housed many civic activities that I have experienced in recent years since moving to Uppsala in 2018. With their requirement of multiple types of use, I propose using fabric infrastructure as configurable room dividers. I use discarded textile (used carpets, fabric remnants) as the starting point for each prototype. The material itself imposes certain restrictions on the work. Each new piece of fabric acquired a problem waiting for a solution. In this sense, the finished prototype constitutes a solved puzzle. One key objective is to create designs that are flexible while still being robust enough to be portable. Another key objective is to create inviting and organic designs. While I used laser cutters to cut the fabric into precise patterns, I allowed gravity and light to create an imperfect and organic end-result. However, the outcome of my experimental exploration is a system and a technique for making use of discarded textile materials to create atmospheres and spaces.

[pt] A lapidação é uma técnica que estabelece a melhor estratégia de corte, isto é, aquela que extrai do volume bruto a maior gema lapidada com o maior valor gemológico. O profissional, a partir de seu conhecimento tácito, observa as configurações únicas de cada gema, identificando a presença e o posicionamento de estruturas como inclusões, trincas e clivagens, assim como zonas e bandas de cor, aspectos que impactam o valor de mercado do produto. O resultado desta observação é inconstante, já que a tarefa é realizada a partir do conhecimento e experiência dos profissionais, que varia de um indivíduo para outro. Neste sentido, propõe-se uma ferramenta auxiliar ao projeto de lapidação: a virtualização da observação de gemas de alto valor gemológico e do posicionamento da pré-forma em seu interior. Uma revisão bibliográfica dos requisitos técnicos e tecnológicos da lapidação é apresentada, assim como foram descritas e comparadas tecnologias para a digitalização e análise de estruturas tridimensionais. As informações reunidas nortearam uma pesquisa experimental, iniciada pela digitalização da morfologia interna e externa de três amostras de topázio imperial por microtomografia computadorizada e processamento digital de imagens. A manipulação interativa de uma pré-forma parametrizada viabiliza a mensuração da quantidade de material desperdiçado durante a formatação, ao mesmo tempo em que estabelece as dimensões básicas do volume aproveitável. Tais dados viabilizam a criação de opções de projetos de facetamento em softwares para este fim, preservando o material até que o corte ideal seja estabelecido, o que é estratégico para materiais de alto valor gemológico. O erro do volume digitalizado foi de 0,1179. Este índice foi obtido comparando o volume digital ao aferido por balança hidrostática de sua amostra real. Uma inspeção visual com especialista avaliou que a superfície externa das gemas é fidedigna à sua digitalização, com exceção das áreas de topo e daquelas que estão em contato com os porta-amostras. Ainda assim, os problemas identificados não são relevantes, já que lapidadores comumente desprezam as partes mencionadas já no início da conformação. O tamanho mínimo do pixel atingido pelos exames de microtomografia foi de 1.3350 um, impedindo que estruturas de menor dimensão fossem capturadas. / [en] Gem cutting is a technique that establishes the best cutting strategy, which can be described as the extraction of the largest gemstone with the highest gemological value from the rough volume. Professionals observe the unique configurations of each gem based on his or her tacit knowledge and identify the position of structures, such as inclusions, cracks, and cleavages, as well as color zoning, which are aspects that impact product market value. The results of these observations are inconstant since the task is carried out based on the knowledge and experience of the professionals, which vary from one individual to another. Thus, an auxiliary tool for gemstone cutting projects is proposed that virtualizes the processes of observing high gemological value gemstones and their preform positioning. A bibliographical review of the technical and technological requirements of lapidary cutting is presented, as well as a description of suitable technologies for three-dimensional digitization and analysis. The gathered information guided an experimental research study, which started by acquiring the internal and external morphology of three imperial topaz samples using computerized microtomography and digital image processing. The interactive manipulation of a parameterized preform allows the amount of wasted material during the preforming phase to be measured, thus concurrently establishing the basic dimensions of a mass suitable for cutting. Such data enables the creation of several faceting projects on the software that preserves the material until the ideal cut is established, which is a beneficial strategy for high gemological value materials. The digitized volume error was 0.1179. This index was obtained by comparing the digital volume of the material to the volume of its physical sample as measured by a hydrostatic scale. A specialist completed a visual inspection that evaluated the outer surface of the gem and determined that it was a reliable cut except for the top areas and those that were in contact with the specimen holders. Nevertheless, the identified problems are not relevant since gem cutters commonly disregard the mentioned areas at the beginning of gemstone conformation. The minimum pixel size reached by microtomography analysis was 1.3350 um, which prevented smaller structures from being captured.

Due to the rapid development of technology, the AEC industry in Sweden havebeen struggling to string along it. The demand from authorities to use BIM in theindustry are increasing and the respond from companies are minimal. The buildingprocess uses to be spanned over several phases and the early design phase is wherefocus is lied on mostly in this thesis. Here can several actors as architects, engineersetc. be involved. Lack of communication and lack of coordination between the partshave an important impact on the outcome and therefore BIM was developed. In theearly designing phase, the project takes it shape and approximated calculations andanalysis have to made. Usually the results from the early design phase dier from theanalytical analysis that are made later and the costs of projects increases. However,many new tools have come along the way with that development which makes itpossible to make energy optimization an even more ecient practice. Therefore, thisthesis has been chosen to investigate the dierent energy possibilities and outcomesduring the early design stage, in the aspect of daylight and energy simulations. Asimple test building was constructed in Stockholm, Sweden. The building is formedin a way that allows various material parameters to be altered in order to study theimpacts of the annual energy distribution. This thesis will shed more light on why itis important to develop the methods of energy simulations in the early design phase,and it's done by using the latest state of the art tools. A newly developed VPL toolnamed Dynamo together with the design tool Autodesk Revit and Green BuildingStudio is used in the simulation process. A script will be coded in the Dynamotool that will determine and allow the parameter variations of the building model inRevit. A comparison of 4 dierent case studies is graphically presented at the end.Even though the result was quite expected, the aim of this thesis was rather to serveas an example of how the tools of Dynamo and Revit can successfully coop-orate.

Planet Earth's climate naturally varies over time, however the rapid change that is now takingplace is due mainly to human influence. Buildings and real estate sector's emissions ofgreenhouse gases is responsible for approximately 20,6% of Sweden’s total emissions ofgreenhouse and 33% of energy used 2018. Therefore, energy efficiency, a reduction in energyand energy supply with a low effect on the environment are necessary to manage environmentalquality objectives. Steel production requires high temperatures, and thus high energy consumption, both for meltingand processing, which in turn produces carbon dioxide emission into the air. Steel recycling isa much-needed innovation to save energy and reduce the amount of emission of carbon dioxide.However, even greater energy savings, and a reduction in the effect on the environment, can beachieved by reusing steel components instead of recycling or producing new steel. Despite thelarge environmental incentive, only a very small proportion of Sweden's total structural steel isreused. To date the process for reusing steel components has been unclear and needs to be clarified. Amajor challenge in the process is to create a marketplace where suppliers and buyers can meet.The purpose of this report is to investigate the possibility of parametric design to develop a toolthat selects suitable reusable steel beams from hundreds of beams which fit into new contextsin accordance with certain desired conditions. This work results in a program or script, where the user specifies his/her values and requirementsthat will apply to the selected beam. Furthermore, the program shows the beams that meet therequirements of users and sorts them in an environmentally friendly order. This program isexpected to help designers select the right reusable beam in the right place in a new project. The script was created to handle I- and H-beams using the program Rhinoceros-Grasshopper asa platform for parametric design and calculation. The program includes calculations for crosssectionalclasses, uniaxial and multi-axial bending without regard to the phenomena of lateraltorsional buckling, and transverse force where shear buckling is considered. However, the scriptdoes not handle beams with cross-section class 4. In conclusion the result of this study, which is the script, shows that it is possible to develop aparametric tool that calculates, analyzes and selects the beams that best suit the user's needs andwhere the selected beams are displayed in an environmentally friendly order. Such a tool canalso facilitate the process of reusing steel beams. It saves time and money as compared toperforming the selection manually. In addition, it opens people’s eyes to new efficient methodsand ways of thinking in the field of reusing. It can also be considered as an incentive forincreased reuse of steel beams while reducing the negative effect on the environment and whilesaving energy and natural resources. / Världens utsläpp av växthusgaser har under en lång period ökat mycket och detta ställer ossinför en global utmaning. Bygg- och fastighetssektorns utsläpp står för cirka 20,6% av Sverigestotala utsläpp av växthusgaser och 33% av energianvändningen år 2018. Därför ärenergieffektivisering, minskad energiförbrukning och energitillförsel med låg påverkan påmiljön nödvändiga för att klara miljökvalitetsmålen. Ståltillverkning kräver höga temperaturer, och därmed hög energiförbrukning, både försmältning och bearbetning, vilket i sin tur ger en del utsläpp i luften. Återvinning av stål är enbra strategi för att spara energi och minska mängden utsläpp av växthusgaser. Men ännu störreenergibesparingar, och minskning av miljöpåverkan, kan uppnås om stålkomponenteråteranvänds i stället för att återvinna eller tillverka nytt stål. Trots det stora miljöincitamentetåterbrukas väldigt liten andel av Sveriges totala konstruktionsstål. Processen för återbruk av stålkomponenter ser otydlig ut och den behöver fastställas. En storutmaning i processen ligger i att skapa en marknadsplats där säljare och köpare kan mötas. Dettahar en stark koppling till syftet med rapporten som är att utreda möjligheten med parametriskdesign att ta fram ett verktyg som väljer ut lämpliga återbrukbara stålbalkar av en databas nedett stort antal balkar, som passar in i nya sammanhang efter vissa önskade förutsättningar. Resultatet av arbetet blir ett verktyg eller skript, där användaren anger sina värden och krav somkommer att ställas på den utvalda balken. Vidare visar skriptet de balkar som klarar av kravenfrån användaren och sedan sorterar dem med avseende på minimal miljöpåverkan. Programmetförväntas hjälpa konstruktörerna att välja ut rätt återbrukbara balk till rätt plats i ett nyttsammanhang. Det framtagna verktyget är skapat för att hantera I- och H-balkar med hjälp av programmenRhinoceros-Grasshopper som en plattform för en parametrisk design och beräkning. Iprogrammet ingår beräkningar för tvärsnittklasser, enaxlig och fleraxlig böjning utan hänsyn tillvippning samt tvärkraft där hänsyn tas till skjuvbuckling. Skriptet hanterar dock inte balkar medtvärsnittklass 4. Resultatet av denna studie, vilket är skriptet, visar att det är praktiskt möjligt att ta fram ettparametriskt verktyg som beräknar, analyserar och väljer ut de balkar som passar bäst föranvändarens behov. Verktyget kan även underlätta processen för återbruk av stålbalkar,eftersom det sparar tid och pengar jämfört med ett manuellt urval. Dessutom öppnar det ögonenför nya effektiva arbeten och tänkesätt inom området återbruk. Det kan även anses vara ettincitament för en ökad återanvändning av stålbalkar och minskning av miljöpåverkan, vilketbidrar till energi- och resursbesparingar.

La lumière naturelle éclaire l'espace architectural créant les conditions nécessaires pour accueillir des activités humaines. La fonction d'éclairage de la lumière naturelle est associée à une autre dimension plus sensible attribuant une identité et une singularité à l'espace conçu. La maîtrise du comportement lumineux est une activité complexe qui fait appel à une multiplicité de facteurs dont la caractérisation est confrontée à l'incertitude et l'imprécision des informations disponibles durant les phases conceptuelles du projet. L'objectif de notre recherche est de proposer une méthode d'assistance qui prend en considération les propriétés des phases amont de conception pour aider le concepteur à intégrer ses intentions d'ambiance de lumière naturelle. Nous proposons une méthode d'assistance structurée selon un processus déclaratif permettant au concepteur d'expliciter ses intentions d'effets de lumière naturelle et de les traduire en solutions architecturales potentielles qu'il peut intégrer dans son projet. Cette méthode considère les intentions d'ambiance de lumière naturelle comme une information source à utiliser pour proposer une aide à la conception pendant les phases préliminaires du projet où elles constituent les seules informations disponibles. Cette méthode offre des fonctionnalités capables de gérer l'incertitude qui caractérise les phases de recherche et de formalisation d'idées. Notre méthode d'assistance a été implémentée dans un prototype d'outil dont l'apport cognitif et la capacité d'accompagnement des activités de conception ont été évalués et analysés dans un cadre expérimental de conception de projet / The daylight illuminates the architectural space and creates the necessary conditions to accommodate human activities. The illuminating function of daylight is joined to another sensitive dimension that attributes a distinctive identity to the designed space. The control of daylight in architectural environment needs some detailed and precise characteristics about aperture and walls features. The multiplicity of these characteristics is faced with the inaccuracy and the uncertainty of the design information available during the early steps. Our research aims to propose a design support method that takes into account the early design step features and helps designers to integrate there daylight atmosphere intentions in project. We propose a design support method structured as a declarative modelling process. The declarative process helps the designer to declare his daylight intentions and to translate them to potential solutions that could be integrated in his project. This method considers the designer intentions as the main design information used to help designer during the early design steps. The proposed method provides functionalities that could operate the inaccuracy and the uncertainty of the ideas research and formalisation steps. Our design support method was implemented in a prototype design support tool. The cognitive contribution and the ability to support the design activities of the proposed tool was evaluated and analysed in an experimental design context

"Design is a very complicated and ill-defined problem solving activity. Routine parametric design is a more restricted and well-defined version of design problems. Even this restricted version requires many different kinds of expert knowledge and the ability to perform a variety of tasks. One approach to solving this restricted version is to use Single Function Agents (SiFAs), each of which can perform a very specialized task, from a single point of view. The ability to represent expertise with different points of view is very important in design. These different points of view usually cause conflicts among agents, and these conflicts need to be resolved in order for the design process to be successful. Therefore, agents need to be capable of detecting and resolving these conflicts. This thesis presents a model of conflicts and negotiations in the SiFA framework. Some extensions to the present state of the SiFA paradigm are introduced. A hierarchy of possible conflicts is proposed and the steps of the negotiation process are discussed. The ability of agents to negotiation in order to resolve conflicts makes SiFA-based design systems more versatile, less brittle, and easier to construct and maintain. Also, the extended SiFA paradigm, where agents have negotiation capabilities leads to many interesting directions for further research. "

No description available.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo explorar a forma de planos de fachada vinculados à incidência solar, potencializando a aplicação de sistemas fotovoltaicos. A identificação e parametrização de formas segundo os princípios geométricos de captação fotovoltaica, sugerem a aplicação de uma metodologia de projeto para superfícies de fachadas fotovoltaicas, de modo a otimizar a incidência direta da radiação solar, incorporada a volumetria da edificação. O modelo de otimização de fachadas fotovoltaicas consiste em quatro etapas. Inicialmente define-se a tecnologia fotovoltaica e a localização geográfica (1). Posteriormente, é realizada a modelagem elementar tridimensional (2) através do editor de algoritmos gráficos Grasshopper – integrado à ferramenta de modelagem Rhinoceros3D – estabelecendo assim, as restrições e variáveis da forma. Na terceira etapa, correlacionamse transformações geométricas tridimensionais (twist, taper e shear) e incidência solar (3) por meio dos softwares Ecotect Analysis e Grasshopper. Com isso, os parâmetros dimensionais atribuídos às variáveis – transformações geométricas – são vinculados aos parâmetros de radiação solar, visando à geração de formas. Após a seleção das formas com maior potencial fotovoltaico, identificam-se as zonas com maior incidência de radiação solar e realiza-se a manipulação dos pontos de controle das superfícies NURBS (4). Através das transformações geométricas taper, shear e twist foi possível gerar um conjunto de soluções otimizadas, correlacionando dados energéticos e geométricos, integrando métodos de geração de formas e avaliação performática da radiação solar. O estudo identificou que as possibilidades de articulação entre os planos fotovoltaicos e a eficiência energética têm implicações positivas, correlacionando variabilidade formal e geração de energia elétrica. / This work aims explore the shape of façade planes linked to the solar incidence, in order to optimize the use of photovoltaic systems. The identification and parameterization of forms according to geometric principles of photovoltaic capture suggest the application of a design methodology for optimizing the photovoltaic surface façade in order to optimize direct solar radiation, incorporating the volume of the building. The optimization model of photovoltaic façade consists of four steps. Initially decide on the photovoltaic technology and geographic location (1). Subsequently, three-dimensional elementary modeling is performed (2) through the graphic-algorithm editor, Grasshopper, – integrated with the modeling tool, Rhinoceros 3D, – thus establishing, restrictions and variables in shape. In the third stage, threedimensional geometric transformations are correlated (twist, taper and shear) and solar incidence (3) through the computer interfaces of Ecotect Analysis and Grasshopper software. With this, the dimensional parameters assigned to the variables – geometric transformations – are linked to parameters of solar radiation, in order to generate shapes. After the selection of potential photovoltaic shapes, zones with the greatest incident solar radiation are identified and the control points of NURBS surface are manipulated (4). Using the geometric transformations taper, shear and twist, it was possible to generate a set of optimal solutions, correlating geometric and energetic data, integrating shape generating methods and performatic evaluation of solar exposure. The work identified that possibilities of articulation between photovoltaic planes and energetic efficiency have positive results, correlating shape variability and electricity generation.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo explorar a forma de planos de fachada vinculados à incidência solar, potencializando a aplicação de sistemas fotovoltaicos. A identificação e parametrização de formas segundo os princípios geométricos de captação fotovoltaica, sugerem a aplicação de uma metodologia de projeto para superfícies de fachadas fotovoltaicas, de modo a otimizar a incidência direta da radiação solar, incorporada a volumetria da edificação. O modelo de otimização de fachadas fotovoltaicas consiste em quatro etapas. Inicialmente define-se a tecnologia fotovoltaica e a localização geográfica (1). Posteriormente, é realizada a modelagem elementar tridimensional (2) através do editor de algoritmos gráficos Grasshopper – integrado à ferramenta de modelagem Rhinoceros3D – estabelecendo assim, as restrições e variáveis da forma. Na terceira etapa, correlacionamse transformações geométricas tridimensionais (twist, taper e shear) e incidência solar (3) por meio dos softwares Ecotect Analysis e Grasshopper. Com isso, os parâmetros dimensionais atribuídos às variáveis – transformações geométricas – são vinculados aos parâmetros de radiação solar, visando à geração de formas. Após a seleção das formas com maior potencial fotovoltaico, identificam-se as zonas com maior incidência de radiação solar e realiza-se a manipulação dos pontos de controle das superfícies NURBS (4). Através das transformações geométricas taper, shear e twist foi possível gerar um conjunto de soluções otimizadas, correlacionando dados energéticos e geométricos, integrando métodos de geração de formas e avaliação performática da radiação solar. O estudo identificou que as possibilidades de articulação entre os planos fotovoltaicos e a eficiência energética têm implicações positivas, correlacionando variabilidade formal e geração de energia elétrica. / This work aims explore the shape of façade planes linked to the solar incidence, in order to optimize the use of photovoltaic systems. The identification and parameterization of forms according to geometric principles of photovoltaic capture suggest the application of a design methodology for optimizing the photovoltaic surface façade in order to optimize direct solar radiation, incorporating the volume of the building. The optimization model of photovoltaic façade consists of four steps. Initially decide on the photovoltaic technology and geographic location (1). Subsequently, three-dimensional elementary modeling is performed (2) through the graphic-algorithm editor, Grasshopper, – integrated with the modeling tool, Rhinoceros 3D, – thus establishing, restrictions and variables in shape. In the third stage, threedimensional geometric transformations are correlated (twist, taper and shear) and solar incidence (3) through the computer interfaces of Ecotect Analysis and Grasshopper software. With this, the dimensional parameters assigned to the variables – geometric transformations – are linked to parameters of solar radiation, in order to generate shapes. After the selection of potential photovoltaic shapes, zones with the greatest incident solar radiation are identified and the control points of NURBS surface are manipulated (4). Using the geometric transformations taper, shear and twist, it was possible to generate a set of optimal solutions, correlating geometric and energetic data, integrating shape generating methods and performatic evaluation of solar exposure. The work identified that possibilities of articulation between photovoltaic planes and energetic efficiency have positive results, correlating shape variability and electricity generation.

En projekteringsprocess av en konstruktion kan ofta delas in i två delar, dimensionering ochprojektering. Dimensioneringen utförs enligt för konstruktionen gällande normkrav ochprojekteringen följer sina egna normer samt den dimensionering som är utförd.Även om 2D-projektering fortfarande är vanligt förekommande i projekteringen har BIMmodelleringblivit allt vanligare och värdet av att lagra information i en modell ses alltmersom en nytta i ett projekt.BIM-modelleringen bygger på parameterstyrning av objekt och egentligen finns inga gränserför vilka parametrar som ska ingå i ett objekt.En av de senaste utvecklingarna i projekteringsprocessen är den visuella programmeringensom ger användare möjlighet att styra parametrar till en BIM-modell med hjälp av ett visuelltskript kopplat till BIM-modelleringsverktyget.Det här arbetet syftar på att visa hur ett skript kan driva modelleringen med hjälp avprojektspecifika indata genom att dimensionering av objekt integreras i programmeringen.Med hjälp av programmeringen kan även dimensioneringen redovisas i en annanprogramvara.Resultatet visar att det är fullt möjligt att skapa en modell med hjälp av objektspecifika indataoch att parametrar kan styras med integrerad dimensionering i ett skript skapat med visuellprogrammering. / A design process of a construction can often be divided into two parts, structural design anddrawing. The structural design is made with current standard requirements for theconstruction while the drawing has its own standard requirements along with the results fromthe dimensioning to follow.Even if 2D- drawing still is common in design of a project, BIM-modelling has become morefrequently used and the value of storing information in a model is see more and more as abenefit in a project.The BIM-modelling is based on parametric design of objects and there are actually no limitsto which parameters that should be a part of an object.One of the most recent developments in the design process is the visual programming whichgives users the opportunity to guide parameters in a BIM-model through a visual scriptconnected to the BIM-modelling tool.This work is aiming to show how a script can push the modelling by using project specificinput and perform structural design of load bearing members integrated in the script. With theuse of the script, results can also be verified in another software.Result is showing that it is possible to create a structurally designed model by using only afew object specific inputs and that parameters can be controlled in a script made with visualprogramming.