Syfte: I takt med urbaniseringen ökar bostadsbristen avsevärt. Som en lösning har förtätning blivit en samhällstrend för att främja ett ekologiskt och socialt hållbart samhälle. Samtidigt som förtätning minskar segregation och ökar tryggheten i bostadsområden, medför det svårigheter och utmaningar vid bostadsprojektering där dagsljus utgör en stor del av det. I samband med detta har forskning visat att dagsljustillgång utgör positiva effekter hos människors fysiska och psykiska hälsa vilket gör detta till en viktig aspekt. Dock konstateras det att en stor del av svenska hushåll inte uppfyller dagsljuskraven. Som följd av bristande kunskap och engagemang hävdas kommuner inte vilja ta sig an problemet. I dagsläget regleras ingen koppling mellan dagsljus och förtätning i detaljplaneringen vilket ökar betydelsen för en tydligare definiering av dagsljuskrav. För en stadstillväxt är det viktigt att uppmärksamma detta problem och öka medvetenheten hos de involverade aktörerna för att möjliggöra täthet bland bostäder utan att dessa äventyrar varandras dagsljustillgång. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur väl dagsljus och förtätning kan samexistera i täta bostadsområden. Metod: Studien tillämpar en kombination av kvalitativ- och kvantitativt inriktad forskning där frågeställningarna besvaras genom litteraturstudier, intervjuer och fallstudie. Resultat: Förtätning har en avsevärd effekt på dagsljustillgången där bostäder i bottenplan ofta är de mest utsatta. Olika kvartersstrukturer bidrar till varierade dagsljusförhållanden där detta bör planeras i tidigt skede. Värderingar kring dagsljusplanering skiljer sig mellan byggherre, arkitekt och kommun där varje aktörs åsikter präglas av yrkesroll. För att dagsljustillgången inte äventyras i täta kvartersområden bör stor vikt läggas på avskärmningsvinkel och bröstningshöjd där avskärmningsvinkeln får maximalt uppgå till 50°. Konsekvenser: Det är viktigt att samtliga involverade aktörer delar likvärdigt förhållningssätt till dagsljusplanering. Planering av dagsljus är möjligt i detaljplaneringen och bör ske för att undvika senare problematik. Om samexistens av dagsljus och förtätning ska se bör dagsljuskraven sänkas eller bedömas på bostadsnivå. Om detta inte är möjligt, bör en täthetsgräns införas för att täthet kan ske korrekt utan att äventyra dagsljuset. Begränsningar: Resultatet i studien är tillämpbart för studiens specifika fall, dock kan det implementeras i ett kvartersområde med liknande förutsättningar och därmed generaliseras. / Purpose: As urbanization increases, the need for household grows significantly. As a solution, dense urban environment has become a social trend for promoting an ecologically and socially sustainable society and a strategy for the housing shortage. As densification reduces segregation and increases security in residential areas, it entails difficulties and challenges in housing planning. Daylight constitutes a large part of it. Meanwhile, research has shown that daylight access has positive effects on humans’ physical and mental health. However, a large part of Swedish households does not meet the required daylight levels. It is argued that municipalities do not want to address the problem because the lack of knowledge and engagement. At present, the connection between density and daylight is not regulated in the detail planning which increases the importance of a distinct definition of daylight requirements. In order to allow city growth, it is important to address the problem and raise awareness among the involved actors. It is important in order to enable density among homes without these endangering each other's daylight access. The purpose with this study is to investigate how well daylight and densification can coexist in dense residential areas. Method: The study uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative research. Data is collected through literature studies, interviews and a case study. Findings: Densification has a considerable effect on the daylight access, specifically on the ground floor dwellings. Different typologies contribute to varied light conditions and should be planned at an early stage. Approach to daylight planning differ between the developer, architect and municipality where the opinions of each actor are characterized by the position. In order to not jeopardize the daylight access in dense neighborhood areas, great emphasis should be placed on obstruction angle and sill height of the windows with an obstruction angle no more than 50°. Implications: It is important that all the actors involved share an equal approach to daylight planning. Daylight planning is possible in the detailed planning and should be done to avoid later problems. If the coexistence of daylight and densification is to be seen, daylight requirements should be lowered or demanded at the residential level. If this is not possible, a density limit should be introduced so that densification can take place correctly without jeopardizing the daylight. Limitations: The result of the study is applicable to the specific case of the study, however, it can be implemented in a neighborhood area with similar conditions and thus be generalized.

La lumière naturelle éclaire l'espace architectural créant les conditions nécessaires pour accueillir des activités humaines. La fonction d'éclairage de la lumière naturelle est associée à une autre dimension plus sensible attribuant une identité et une singularité à l'espace conçu. La maîtrise du comportement lumineux est une activité complexe qui fait appel à une multiplicité de facteurs dont la caractérisation est confrontée à l'incertitude et l'imprécision des informations disponibles durant les phases conceptuelles du projet. L'objectif de notre recherche est de proposer une méthode d'assistance qui prend en considération les propriétés des phases amont de conception pour aider le concepteur à intégrer ses intentions d'ambiance de lumière naturelle. Nous proposons une méthode d'assistance structurée selon un processus déclaratif permettant au concepteur d'expliciter ses intentions d'effets de lumière naturelle et de les traduire en solutions architecturales potentielles qu'il peut intégrer dans son projet. Cette méthode considère les intentions d'ambiance de lumière naturelle comme une information source à utiliser pour proposer une aide à la conception pendant les phases préliminaires du projet où elles constituent les seules informations disponibles. Cette méthode offre des fonctionnalités capables de gérer l'incertitude qui caractérise les phases de recherche et de formalisation d'idées. Notre méthode d'assistance a été implémentée dans un prototype d'outil dont l'apport cognitif et la capacité d'accompagnement des activités de conception ont été évalués et analysés dans un cadre expérimental de conception de projet / The daylight illuminates the architectural space and creates the necessary conditions to accommodate human activities. The illuminating function of daylight is joined to another sensitive dimension that attributes a distinctive identity to the designed space. The control of daylight in architectural environment needs some detailed and precise characteristics about aperture and walls features. The multiplicity of these characteristics is faced with the inaccuracy and the uncertainty of the design information available during the early steps. Our research aims to propose a design support method that takes into account the early design step features and helps designers to integrate there daylight atmosphere intentions in project. We propose a design support method structured as a declarative modelling process. The declarative process helps the designer to declare his daylight intentions and to translate them to potential solutions that could be integrated in his project. This method considers the designer intentions as the main design information used to help designer during the early design steps. The proposed method provides functionalities that could operate the inaccuracy and the uncertainty of the ideas research and formalisation steps. Our design support method was implemented in a prototype design support tool. The cognitive contribution and the ability to support the design activities of the proposed tool was evaluated and analysed in an experimental design context

This thesis investigates the design of atria for daylighting in large scale buildings. Athree dimensional test building with a central atrium was constructed and various parameters of the atrium altered. The impact of these changes was studied through computer simulations of annual daylight distribution by implementing state of theart software. Daylight autonomy is simulated for an annual climate file for Stockholm, Sweden. In the thesis, notion is made of basic daylighting concepts, the importance of bringing daylight into buildings is argued, and the daylighting criteria of three environmental certification tools introduced. Furthermore, a detailed comparison is made on several well known daylight simulation tools. A newly developed, state of the art, daylight simulation tool called Honeybee, is used in the simulation process. The tool utilizes the calculation engines of wellknown daylight simulation software Radiance and Daysim, which apply backward ray-tracing to reach accurate results. Honeybee is coupled to the graphical algorithmeditor Grasshopper for Rhinoceros 3D, which allows for an efficient way of parametric modelling. The comparison of five different daylight simulation tools showed that Honeybee outweighs the capabilities of many of them by offering a wast range of simulation capabilities and also giving the user exceptional control of result data within multiple zones of the test building. The results of the daylight study have been compiled into a document which purpose is to serve as early stage design guidelines of atria for architects. Many factors have been shown through simulation to have a dramatic impact on daylighton an annual basis, and several suggestions have been made on how to maximize the quantity of daylight within buildings containing atria.

Contribution of daylight to employees in terms of health, productivity, and overall wellness in the office spaces are undeniable. Apart from the psychological and biological benefits of employees, embracing daylight in office spaces increases the energy-efficiency of the building which leads to the sustainable development of a city. However, a considerable number of employees in Sweden lack daylight in their workspaces according to a report by the Swedish Work Environment Authority [Arbetsmiljöverket (Swedish)] (Lowden, 2019). Professionals like Architects, Lighting Designers, and students of architecture and lighting design across Sweden were asked their opinions pertaining to lack of daylight in a considerable number of office spaces in Sweden based on their experience through online questionnaires/ interviews to get to know the overview of this subject. Out of all the possible reasons, window design and economy were the two macro factors according to them that influenced daylight in an office building in Sweden but often, obstruction angle in a building due to urban densification is overlooked when it comes to daylight in an office building. This thesis discusses the influence of obstruction angles with an illustrated office building in Stockholm. Diva for Rhino was the software used for the modelling and daylight simulation.