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This dissertation explores the growing epidemic of academic dishonesty in the United States in order to propose an Aristotelian-inspired model for developing moral character to curtail this epidemic. The task is laid out in four parts. Chapter one responds to the problem of akrasia, adopting a modified version of Devin Henry's distinction between drunken akrasia and genuine akrasia, holding that the akratic individual experiences an internal struggle similar to that of the self-controlled individual, but the improper desire is stronger than the desire for the proper pleasure. Chapter two responds to the challenges to virtue ethics set forth by social situationists, John Doris (2002) and Gilbert Harman (2000) with a model consistent with Rachana Kamtekar's (2004) depiction of character in Aristotelian virtue ethics that adopts a holistic view of character incorporating motivation and proper intellect as necessary elements in practical reason. Chapter three provides a summary of empirical research into the prevalence of academic dishonesty and the internal and external factors influencing academic dishonesty. This assemblage of data suggests that an effective sustainable solution for curbing academic dishonesty must focus upon the development of internal character rather than the mere modification of external or situational factors. Chapter four applies the findings of the existing data to the development of core principles for a proper moral education intended to offer a foundation for possible solutions towards reducing academic dishonesty in the United States. In light of the current research into academic dishonesty, chapter four outlines core principles essential for developing practical solutions inspired by Aristotle's character-based virtue ethics while recognizing the short-term benefits of situation modification.

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When a business organization designs an ethics program, should it adopt a situationist conception of moral psychology or a virtue approach to character building? In this dissertation I argue that the answer is, both. The complement model is a recommendation for business ethics programs that blends the best aspects of these two theories in social psychology and philosophy. I start by giving a critique of the experimental literature surrounding situationism and argue that older adults have different prosocial competencies than the younger college-age subjects used in the situationist experiments. I give an explanation of virtue development, which concludes with the claim that older adults are an overlooked resource to be used in formal ethics mentoring programs. I also present the findings from a study I conducted with business ethics professionals, which provided information that I used to formulate the recommendations for the complement model.

Esta tese tem como objetivo delimitar e analisar uma estratégia artística recorrente a partir do final da década de 1960, que consiste exclusivamente, ou incorpora como seu elemento fundamental, o ato de andar, na maioria dos casos por parte dos próprios artistas. Para definir essa prática, utiliza-se aqui o termo deriva, cuja matriz situacionista introduz o olhar social e politicamente engajado a partir do qual a maioria das obras analisadas foram criadas, e com base no qual elas são lidas neste contexto. Na primeira parte da tese, são desenvolvidas algumas considerações teóricas, com o fim de evidenciar algumas características recorrentes na produção das derivas, ao passo que elas são contextualizadas em preocupações e tendências mais gerais, como a que visa a desmaterialização da arte, ou a chamada estética relacional, entre outras. Na segunda parte, apresenta-se um compêndio bastante amplo, e apesar disso ainda longe de poder ser considerado completo, de obras pertinentes nesta discussão, produzidas ao longo das últimas quatro décadas. / This thesis seeks to delimitate and analyze an artistic strategy that can be considered recurrent since the end of the 1960s, and which consists basically, or at least includes as its core element, the act of walking, mostly undertaken by the artist him/herself. In order to define this practice, the word employed is the Situationist term \"deriva\" (drift), which situates the reader in the socially and politically engaged context in which most of the works here analyzed were created, and based upon which they are therefore read. In the first part of the thesis, a series of theoretical considerations is made, aiming at identifying a few recurrent characteristics of the \"drifts\", while at the same time placing them in the context of more general trends and concerns, as the so-called Demateriali- zation of art, or Relational Aesthetics, among others. The second part consists basically of a large, although certainly not complete, summary of works that are relevant for this research, produced during the last five decades.

abstract: Recently, philosophers have charged that Aristotelian-based virtue theories are empirically inadequate because the conception of character in which they are grounded is largely unfounded by findings in psychology. These philosophers argue in favor of situationism, the theory from social psychology that situational rather than dispositional differences among individuals are in large part responsible for human behavior. Situationists dispute the existence of traits that remain consistent across time and diverse situations and argue that features of situations can better explain and predict human behavior. After analyzing the psychological literature and historical cases put forth as evidence for situationism as well as the basic premises grounding arguments against situationism, I make some conclusions about the best responses to situationism. I agree with situationists that Aristotelian-based virtue and character are not quite empirically adequate but disagree that human behavior owes more to situational rather than dispositional determinants. Basing my theory on literature from social psychology, I argue instead that a concept of character grounded in social-cognitive theory is more psychologically realistic and can explain and predict human behavior and ground a character-based virtue theory. A social-cognitive conception of character would highlight the dynamic role between situations and individual psychological factors like beliefs, values, desires and the way that an individual perceives a situation. I sketch out a non-ideal theory of virtue based in a social-cognitive conception of character that is partially dependent on social networks for its maintenance and is fragmented, or contextualized to particular types of psychological situations. However, fragmented and socially dependent virtue is not an optimal type of virtue because it is vulnerable to situational features that place strong psychological pressures on agents to behave in various ways, including ways they would not have normally endorsed. I agree with Aristotelian virtue ethicists that argue that a type of practical wisdom can help to counter the often unwanted and dangerous influence of these strong situations but also maintain that some measure of moral luck is inevitably involved, even in the development of practical wisdom. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Philosophy 2012

Esta tese tem como objetivo delimitar e analisar uma estratégia artística recorrente a partir do final da década de 1960, que consiste exclusivamente, ou incorpora como seu elemento fundamental, o ato de andar, na maioria dos casos por parte dos próprios artistas. Para definir essa prática, utiliza-se aqui o termo deriva, cuja matriz situacionista introduz o olhar social e politicamente engajado a partir do qual a maioria das obras analisadas foram criadas, e com base no qual elas são lidas neste contexto. Na primeira parte da tese, são desenvolvidas algumas considerações teóricas, com o fim de evidenciar algumas características recorrentes na produção das derivas, ao passo que elas são contextualizadas em preocupações e tendências mais gerais, como a que visa a desmaterialização da arte, ou a chamada estética relacional, entre outras. Na segunda parte, apresenta-se um compêndio bastante amplo, e apesar disso ainda longe de poder ser considerado completo, de obras pertinentes nesta discussão, produzidas ao longo das últimas quatro décadas. / This thesis seeks to delimitate and analyze an artistic strategy that can be considered recurrent since the end of the 1960s, and which consists basically, or at least includes as its core element, the act of walking, mostly undertaken by the artist him/herself. In order to define this practice, the word employed is the Situationist term \"deriva\" (drift), which situates the reader in the socially and politically engaged context in which most of the works here analyzed were created, and based upon which they are therefore read. In the first part of the thesis, a series of theoretical considerations is made, aiming at identifying a few recurrent characteristics of the \"drifts\", while at the same time placing them in the context of more general trends and concerns, as the so-called Demateriali- zation of art, or Relational Aesthetics, among others. The second part consists basically of a large, although certainly not complete, summary of works that are relevant for this research, produced during the last five decades.

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Flykt i hög hastighet genom stadens raviner och klipplandskap, i en hängande berg-och-dalbanevagn med fötterna dinglande över stadslivet påverkas stadsuppfattningen av det visuella flödet. Hela tiden växlande g-krafter, ett lätt sommarregn och vinden i håret gör stadsupplevelsen fysisk på riktigt. Stockholms landmärken är välbekanta, där de glider i och ur synfältet, men ändå inte. Folk på marken tittar på dig, skrattar. Där! Visst var det din gamla fysiklärare i gathörnet? Borta! Projektet beskriver en berg-och-dalbana i Stockholms City. Banan förbinder Sergels Torg med Stureplan via loopar och svängar över tak, mellan hus, i gränder, över Kungsgatan och stannar till på ett par andra platser. Syftet är flerfaldigt; erbjuda en för storstäder unik typ av sightseeing, skapa möjlighet till den hisnande omedelbara glädjen som bara kan uppstå när kroppen utsätts för kontrollerade g-krafter, vara ett dekorativt slingrande fackverk med organiska stolpar i en hård stadsmiljö och frigöra de krafter som kan uppstå när människan möter staden på ett oväntat sätt. Som en del av projektet har ett flertal digitala verktyg utvecklats för att formge, analysera och simulera en rolig och njutbar berg-och-dalbanefärd. För generering av strukturens form, utifrån åkturens och stadens förutsättningar. För visualiseringar med planer, sektioner, animationer, bl.a. annat via kopplingar till karttjänster på internet. / Flying along the city canyons at high velocity, sitting in an inverted coaster car with feet dangling above the street life, the optical flow alters your visual perception of the city. Constantly changing g-forces, a light rain and the wind in your hair makes the city experience physical. The landmarks of Stockholm are recognized as they enter and exit your field of view, but they feel different. People look at you, laughing. There! Wasn’t that your old physics teacher at the street corner? Gone! The project describes a roller coaster in the CBD of Stockholm, Sweden. The circuit connects Sergels Torg with Stureplan, going through loops and turns, over roofs, between facades, into alleys, along Kungsgatan, making stops at a couple of other places. The purpose is manifold; to provide a unique type of city sightseeing, create an opportunity to experience the specific and immediate happiness that only an abundance of controlled g-forces can give you, to be a decorative, clinging and surprising space truss with organic steel pylons in an otherwise hard city environment, and to release the powers that can ignite, when people get to meet the city in unexpected ways. Part of the project has been the development of a digital toolset to design, analyse and simulate a fun and pleasant roller coaster ride, to generate the geometry of the space truss and pylons, based on the needs of the ride and the city, and to generate plan drawings, sections, animations and connections to geographic data services on the internet.